1) The document analyzes the performance of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program in Andhra Pradesh from 2012-2013 to 2014-2015.
2) It finds that the number of employment days generated, works completed, and average employment per household all declined over this period, particularly sharply in 2014-2015.
3) However, expenditure on agriculture and allied activities increased in 2014-2015, reaching 75.7% of total expenditure, and significant percentages of total employment days were generated for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The document provides an overview of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its impact on food and livelihood security of farmers. It discusses the genesis, objectives, key features and stakeholders of MGNREGA. It also summarizes various studies that have examined MGNREGA's performance at the national and state level, convergence with other programs, and impact on outcomes like rural employment, income, migration, assets, and food security. Case studies on MGNREGA implementation in different states and districts are also reviewed.
Despite decades of planned development and poverty eradication programs at the national and state levels, poverty continues to persist in India. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) has been a subject of lively debate, which aims at the ‘right to work’ enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household who volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was approved by the Indian Parliament in September 2005. It was renamed as ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ on 2-10-2009. This Act started functioning from 2nd Feb.2006. Initially it was introduced in 200 districts of the country and later extended to all districts in the country. The main aim of this Act is to enhance the purchasing power of rural people. World Development Report 2014 termed it a "stellar example of rural development" and noted economist Amartya Sen also said it is a good Scheme for employment generation in rural areas, but it has to be reformed. This Paper is an attempt to present a review of the “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - With Special Reference to Telangana State.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is notified on
September, 2005 and implemented all over the country in three phases. The major criticism of MGNREGA is
that it is making agriculture less profitable, landless laborers are lazy to work on farms. The present paper
looks into 1) the employment generated by MGNREGA, 2) categories of person’s secured employment, 3) assets
generated by the programme, 4) expenditure incurred under the programme and 5) the growth in wage rates
and growth in productivity of agriculture. The present study relies on secondary sources for information to
analyze and infer conclusions. The study collects data for the period 2009- 10 to 201-14 from the MGNREGA
website .The present study looks at the problem in a holistic way to arrive at right conclusions. MGNREGA is
important not only to overcome the rural distress but also to improve human resources in rural areas. There is
need to rise aggregate demand, which is possible through rising income levels of the people. The programme
got potential to meet inclusive growth.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Analysing the impact MGNREGA has had on the lives of some poor indigenous tribal families of Gujarat; income, employment and migration pattern that epitones their economic life.
The document presents a review and analysis of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program across five Indian states and the country as a whole. It finds that states like Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu have had greater success due to factors like involvement of self-help groups, civil society organizations, and panchayati raj institutions. However, states like Gujarat and Jharkhand have faced challenges with timely wage payments, awareness, and rural institutional capacity. The analysis is based on secondary data from MGNREGA program sources on outcomes such as number of households completing 100 days of work, average person-days of employment, and women
Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Ala...ijtsrd
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MNREGA is one of the most progressive legislations enacted in India, since independence. That is a bold and unique experiment in the provision of rural employment in India. The economic development of women leads to better living standards in the family, educational, nutritional, and the health needs of the children were well satisfied. Women empowerment leads to sustainable social development. MNREGA scheme mainly focusing on the rural development and upliftment of the rural people. MNREGA has a great impact on women empowerment and the scheme has enlightened the women’s life. The Act provides they to work within the 5 kilometers of the village and it provides them an opportunity to work within their village and they can also able to look after their children. The main objectives of the study is to identify the initiatives of MNREGA and study its impact on the life of rural women and assessing the level of efficiency of MNREGA’s and to find out the problems in the scheme and provide adequate suggestions to improve them. Alappuzha district of Kerala has been chosen as the area of study, which comprises of three Taluks in revenue divisions namely, Ambalappuzha, Kuttanad and Cherthala. The main purpose of the study is to have a critical view of the impact of MNREGP and its effect on women empowerment. Multi stage Stratified Random Sampling Technique has been adopted for the study. The study concluded that 26.83 per cent of the respondents under the MNREGP in the study area are involved in formation of form pond and 26.66 per cent of the respondent involved in plantation of trees. Sarath Chandran M. C. | Jintu P. G. | Mitra Mani "Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Alappuzha District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30518.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30518/effectiveness-of-mnrega-initiative-and-its-impact-on-women-empowerment-in-alappuzha-district/sarath-chandran-m-c
1) MGNREGA was established in 2006 to provide a minimum 100 days of guaranteed employment per year to rural households in India.
2) It aims to strengthen natural resource management through works related to water conservation and development while providing employment and dignified wages.
3) The Act has placed an obligation on states to provide employment within 15 days of application and unemployment allowances if work is not provided. It has strengthened rural development and empowered vulnerable groups.
The document provides an overview of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its impact on food and livelihood security of farmers. It discusses the genesis, objectives, key features and stakeholders of MGNREGA. It also summarizes various studies that have examined MGNREGA's performance at the national and state level, convergence with other programs, and impact on outcomes like rural employment, income, migration, assets, and food security. Case studies on MGNREGA implementation in different states and districts are also reviewed.
Despite decades of planned development and poverty eradication programs at the national and state levels, poverty continues to persist in India. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) has been a subject of lively debate, which aims at the ‘right to work’ enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household who volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was approved by the Indian Parliament in September 2005. It was renamed as ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ on 2-10-2009. This Act started functioning from 2nd Feb.2006. Initially it was introduced in 200 districts of the country and later extended to all districts in the country. The main aim of this Act is to enhance the purchasing power of rural people. World Development Report 2014 termed it a "stellar example of rural development" and noted economist Amartya Sen also said it is a good Scheme for employment generation in rural areas, but it has to be reformed. This Paper is an attempt to present a review of the “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - With Special Reference to Telangana State.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is notified on
September, 2005 and implemented all over the country in three phases. The major criticism of MGNREGA is
that it is making agriculture less profitable, landless laborers are lazy to work on farms. The present paper
looks into 1) the employment generated by MGNREGA, 2) categories of person’s secured employment, 3) assets
generated by the programme, 4) expenditure incurred under the programme and 5) the growth in wage rates
and growth in productivity of agriculture. The present study relies on secondary sources for information to
analyze and infer conclusions. The study collects data for the period 2009- 10 to 201-14 from the MGNREGA
website .The present study looks at the problem in a holistic way to arrive at right conclusions. MGNREGA is
important not only to overcome the rural distress but also to improve human resources in rural areas. There is
need to rise aggregate demand, which is possible through rising income levels of the people. The programme
got potential to meet inclusive growth.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Analysing the impact MGNREGA has had on the lives of some poor indigenous tribal families of Gujarat; income, employment and migration pattern that epitones their economic life.
The document presents a review and analysis of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program across five Indian states and the country as a whole. It finds that states like Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu have had greater success due to factors like involvement of self-help groups, civil society organizations, and panchayati raj institutions. However, states like Gujarat and Jharkhand have faced challenges with timely wage payments, awareness, and rural institutional capacity. The analysis is based on secondary data from MGNREGA program sources on outcomes such as number of households completing 100 days of work, average person-days of employment, and women
Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Ala...ijtsrd
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MNREGA is one of the most progressive legislations enacted in India, since independence. That is a bold and unique experiment in the provision of rural employment in India. The economic development of women leads to better living standards in the family, educational, nutritional, and the health needs of the children were well satisfied. Women empowerment leads to sustainable social development. MNREGA scheme mainly focusing on the rural development and upliftment of the rural people. MNREGA has a great impact on women empowerment and the scheme has enlightened the women’s life. The Act provides they to work within the 5 kilometers of the village and it provides them an opportunity to work within their village and they can also able to look after their children. The main objectives of the study is to identify the initiatives of MNREGA and study its impact on the life of rural women and assessing the level of efficiency of MNREGA’s and to find out the problems in the scheme and provide adequate suggestions to improve them. Alappuzha district of Kerala has been chosen as the area of study, which comprises of three Taluks in revenue divisions namely, Ambalappuzha, Kuttanad and Cherthala. The main purpose of the study is to have a critical view of the impact of MNREGP and its effect on women empowerment. Multi stage Stratified Random Sampling Technique has been adopted for the study. The study concluded that 26.83 per cent of the respondents under the MNREGP in the study area are involved in formation of form pond and 26.66 per cent of the respondent involved in plantation of trees. Sarath Chandran M. C. | Jintu P. G. | Mitra Mani "Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Alappuzha District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30518.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30518/effectiveness-of-mnrega-initiative-and-its-impact-on-women-empowerment-in-alappuzha-district/sarath-chandran-m-c
1) MGNREGA was established in 2006 to provide a minimum 100 days of guaranteed employment per year to rural households in India.
2) It aims to strengthen natural resource management through works related to water conservation and development while providing employment and dignified wages.
3) The Act has placed an obligation on states to provide employment within 15 days of application and unemployment allowances if work is not provided. It has strengthened rural development and empowered vulnerable groups.
An analytical study on employment and indebtedness of rural households eviden...Marwadi University Rajkot
This document analyzes employment and indebtedness among rural households in Gujarat, India. It provides background on Gujarat's population, economy, and agricultural sector. The study uses government reports to examine patterns of employment, income, and debt for different types of rural labor households from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010. Key findings include a decline in employment and average earnings for rural labor households. While the number of rural households increased slightly from 1999-2000 to 2004-2005, most categories declined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2010, with the exception of other households which increased. The document reviews previous literature on rural labor markets and livelihood patterns.
NREGA, also known as MGNREGA, provides a legal guarantee for 100 days of employment per year to rural households. It aims to enhance livelihood security for the rural poor by providing wage employment for unskilled manual work. Some key objectives are drought proofing, promoting gender equality and empowering rural women. Implementation involves registration of job card holders, provision of work within 15 days of application, payment of minimum wages, and social audits by gram sabhas. While it has helped generate rural employment and empower women, some ongoing issues include delays in wage payments, capture of benefits by elite groups, and lack of monitoring leading to corruption in some areas.
1) The document provides an overview of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) through a seminar presentation covering topics such as the history and objectives of the act, eligibility criteria, provisions for wages, permissible works, and outcomes from initial implementation.
2) Key points covered include that NREGA aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per rural household, outlines wage payment procedures and mandatory worksite facilities, and discusses early reports of the act's impact in reducing distress migration and developing rural infrastructure.
3) While the presentation notes teething issues, it also emphasizes the opportunity NREGA presents for broad-based growth if fully and properly implemented according to workers' entitlements under the
The document provides an overview of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) in India. It discusses:
- The history and rollout of MNREGA across districts in India between 2006-2008.
- The objectives of MNREGA including expanding earning opportunities, strengthening natural resource management, and deepening rural democracy.
- Key features of MNREGA including registration, job cards, application for work, wages, planning, and funding breakdown between central and state governments.
- Statistics on MNREGA implementation and outcomes between 2014-2015 including funds allocated, jobs provided, households reached, and percentage of payments within 15 days.
Employment generation in tamil nadu through mgnregaprabeenarajeesh
The document summarizes the implementation and impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in Tamil Nadu. It was initially launched in 2006 in 6 districts and later expanded statewide. Key impacts include Tamil Nadu ranking first in the country in project expenditures and work completion rates. MGNREGA has provided assured income and served as an effective poverty alleviation program. The scheme focuses on water and soil conservation projects and other infrastructure works. It has achieved significant success in Tamil Nadu in enhancing livelihoods and empowering communities.
The Indian government passed the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in 2005 to enhance the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment each financial year to every rural household whose adult members demand work under the scheme.
The document discusses the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in India. It outlines the key objectives of NREGA which are to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per year, supplement employment opportunities, and regenerate the rural livelihood natural resource base. It describes the salient features of NREGA including employment for all willing workers, unlimited funding, registration within 15 days of application, minimum wages, and timely wage payments. It also discusses transparency and accountability measures, stakeholder roles, expenditure components, and challenges in implementation across some states.
The document discusses the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) of India, including its objectives, features, implementation, effectiveness, and state-wise performance. Some key points are: NREGA aims to provide 100 days of employment to rural households willing to do unskilled manual work. It guarantees employment within 15 days of application. Over 144 crore person-days of employment have been provided to 34 million households. However, implementation has faced issues like delays in wage payments and lack of measuring asset creation. States like Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have performed well, while some others lag behind in women's participation and other metrics.
MGNREGA status Role in poverty alleviationNamitaPradhan6
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its role in poverty alleviation. It provides background on MGNREGA, including its history, implementation status, goals of providing 100 days of guaranteed employment. It discusses MGNREGA's role in poverty alleviation by providing income opportunities, promoting financial inclusion, and ensuring timely wage payments. Overall, MGNREGA aims to guarantee rural employment, develop rural infrastructure, and alleviate poverty across India.
The document discusses the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) which aims to guarantee at least 100 days of employment per year to rural households. It was implemented to reduce poverty and unemployment through job creation. The study examined MGNREGA's implementation in Punjab, India. It found an average of 20-27 days of employment provided annually between 2011-2016. Common issues faced by job card holders included irregular work, lack of adequate work, delays in wage payments and low wage rates. Suggestions to improve MGNREGA included ensuring minimum 100 days employment at increased wages, on-time payments, and worksite facilities.
The MGNREGA Act provides a legal entitlement to at least 100 days of employment per year in rural areas. It aims to enhance livelihood security by providing unskilled manual work. The program is implemented by gram panchayats, with the involvement of contractors banned. This Core Java project creates a system for Block Development Officers and Gram Panchayat Members to create projects and employees, allocate workers, calculate wages, and monitor the MGNREGA program. The system aims to computerize record keeping and implementation compared to the currently manual process, with future enhancements like automated messages and payments discussed.
Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemeijtsrd
Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified on September 7, 2005, now referred to as MGNREGA was launched on 2 February 2006 in 200 backward districts with a view to extend it to all the districts within five years and extended through out India wef, 01- 04 - 2008. It was expanded to cover another 130 districts in 2007-2008 and eventually covered all districts in India wef April 01, 2008.As envisaged in the Act, the Jammu and Kashmir Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has been formulated on the basis of the Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The flagship scheme was extended to the State wef February 2006 as per following roaster:1. Doda, Poonch, Kupwar are Ist generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 2-2006)2. Anantnag and Jammu are 2nd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2007)3. Rest of the Districts (17) including District Pulwama are 3rd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2008) Mohd Ashraf Mir | Dr. Vibha Doorwar | Dr. Syed Damsaz Ali Andrabi"Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2289.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/2289/mahatama-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-scheme/mohd-ashraf-mir
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) provides a legal guarantee of at least 100 days of employment per financial year to adult members of rural households willing to do public work related manual labor at minimum wage. It aims to alleviate poverty and foster rural development. Key features include time-bound employment, wage payments within 15 days, emphasis on labor intensive projects, and a requirement that 1/3 of participants are women. The program is jointly funded by central and state governments.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment guarantee actSantosh Ramchiary
This presentation is on Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee act which was presented by social work student of Tara institute of social sciences, Mumbai in his class presentation. This act basically aims to provide employment to rural households who have job card and the act grantee the employment, for further read my ppt.
By Naomi Jacob
This paper studies whether the National Rural Employement Guarantee Act can have an impact on rural urban migration, if implemented as per the criteria mentioned above, what is the impact of the decrease in such migration and where the NREGA has been implemented well.
This document analyzes socioeconomic disparities across blocks in Koch Bihar district, West Bengal, India. It uses composite scores across 21 demographic, infrastructural, and economic indicators to classify blocks into development categories. The study finds wide socioeconomic disparities between blocks. Specifically, blocks like Tufanganj I, Dinhata II, Sitai, and Mekhliganj have the lowest composite scores and least favorable demographic conditions in terms of population density, sex ratio, and literacy rates. The study suggests these less developed blocks require improvements across indicators to enhance overall socioeconomic development.
Education Facility requirement in Dang districtijtsrd
Education is a constitutional directive. Article 45 of the Directive Principles of the constitution urges all state to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years' within a period of ten years from the commencement of the constitution. Right to education has been recognized as fundamental right in 83rd constitutional amendment, even then the goal of universal education for all has remained distant dream. The status of education is one of the key indicators of socio economic development and employment opportunities largely depend on the level of education. This paper shows status of existing education facility and gap analysis in the Dangs district of Gujarat state. Parin Manishbhai Patel "Education Facility requirement in Dang district" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23720.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/23720/education-facility-requirement-in-dang-district/parin-manishbhai-patel
The MGNREGA was initiated with the objective of enhancing livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year, to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work . As well as MGNREGA is to create durable assets such as roads, canals, ponds and wells in different sectors of village economy. Employment is to be provided within 5 km of an applicants residence, and minimum wages are to be paid.. Thus in present study an attempt has been made by the researcher to study the impact of MGNREGA on rural lives in village Mahur, Nanded district, State Maharashtra. Dr. T. M. Gurnule "Role of Mgnrega in Rural Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49086.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/49086/role-of-mgnrega-in-rural-life/dr-t-m-gurnule
This document discusses women's empowerment through rural employment in Uttar Pradesh, India under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA). Some key points:
- MNREGA aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per year to rural households. It stipulates that 1/3 of workers must be women who receive equal wages.
- The study analyzes women's participation in MNREGA across Indian states and districts of Uttar Pradesh. Kerala had the highest women employment at 92.75% while Uttar Pradesh was lowest at 16.97%.
- Within Uttar Pradesh, Sonbhadra district had the highest women employment
MGNREGA AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A Study of Pannur Village in Chittoor District...Premier Publishers
Women empowerment essentially refers to empowering women to change power relations between them and men in their favour. Public works programmes in India have traditionally offered a unique opportunity for women to earn cash incomes and provide resources particularly to poor women that would enable human capital investment especially for children’s education and nutrition apart from improving women’s bargaining power within the household. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is no exception. MGNREGA offers 33 percent employment to women, guarantees child care facility at the worksite and provides scope to women to participate in planning and implementation of MGNREGA and in conducting social audit as members of Gram Sabha and of Gram Panchayat. Available research studies have shown that women have participated in MGNREGA on a large scale in most states in India; have received equal wages with men and earned incomes of their own; single women households and female–headed households have particularly benefited by MGNREGA as it provided them minimum incomes and food security; and participating women in general are frequently feeling empowered as they have now some say in decision making. The present study is an attempt to measure the impact of MGNREGA on women empowerment and gender equality and the factors attributed to potential of women empowerment under MGNREGA. The study reveals that MGNREGA can enhance the women empowerment even though the objective of MGNREGA is either women empowerment or gender equality.
An analytical study on employment and indebtedness of rural households eviden...Marwadi University Rajkot
This document analyzes employment and indebtedness among rural households in Gujarat, India. It provides background on Gujarat's population, economy, and agricultural sector. The study uses government reports to examine patterns of employment, income, and debt for different types of rural labor households from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010. Key findings include a decline in employment and average earnings for rural labor households. While the number of rural households increased slightly from 1999-2000 to 2004-2005, most categories declined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2010, with the exception of other households which increased. The document reviews previous literature on rural labor markets and livelihood patterns.
NREGA, also known as MGNREGA, provides a legal guarantee for 100 days of employment per year to rural households. It aims to enhance livelihood security for the rural poor by providing wage employment for unskilled manual work. Some key objectives are drought proofing, promoting gender equality and empowering rural women. Implementation involves registration of job card holders, provision of work within 15 days of application, payment of minimum wages, and social audits by gram sabhas. While it has helped generate rural employment and empower women, some ongoing issues include delays in wage payments, capture of benefits by elite groups, and lack of monitoring leading to corruption in some areas.
1) The document provides an overview of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) through a seminar presentation covering topics such as the history and objectives of the act, eligibility criteria, provisions for wages, permissible works, and outcomes from initial implementation.
2) Key points covered include that NREGA aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per rural household, outlines wage payment procedures and mandatory worksite facilities, and discusses early reports of the act's impact in reducing distress migration and developing rural infrastructure.
3) While the presentation notes teething issues, it also emphasizes the opportunity NREGA presents for broad-based growth if fully and properly implemented according to workers' entitlements under the
The document provides an overview of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) in India. It discusses:
- The history and rollout of MNREGA across districts in India between 2006-2008.
- The objectives of MNREGA including expanding earning opportunities, strengthening natural resource management, and deepening rural democracy.
- Key features of MNREGA including registration, job cards, application for work, wages, planning, and funding breakdown between central and state governments.
- Statistics on MNREGA implementation and outcomes between 2014-2015 including funds allocated, jobs provided, households reached, and percentage of payments within 15 days.
Employment generation in tamil nadu through mgnregaprabeenarajeesh
The document summarizes the implementation and impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in Tamil Nadu. It was initially launched in 2006 in 6 districts and later expanded statewide. Key impacts include Tamil Nadu ranking first in the country in project expenditures and work completion rates. MGNREGA has provided assured income and served as an effective poverty alleviation program. The scheme focuses on water and soil conservation projects and other infrastructure works. It has achieved significant success in Tamil Nadu in enhancing livelihoods and empowering communities.
The Indian government passed the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in 2005 to enhance the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment each financial year to every rural household whose adult members demand work under the scheme.
The document discusses the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in India. It outlines the key objectives of NREGA which are to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per year, supplement employment opportunities, and regenerate the rural livelihood natural resource base. It describes the salient features of NREGA including employment for all willing workers, unlimited funding, registration within 15 days of application, minimum wages, and timely wage payments. It also discusses transparency and accountability measures, stakeholder roles, expenditure components, and challenges in implementation across some states.
The document discusses the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) of India, including its objectives, features, implementation, effectiveness, and state-wise performance. Some key points are: NREGA aims to provide 100 days of employment to rural households willing to do unskilled manual work. It guarantees employment within 15 days of application. Over 144 crore person-days of employment have been provided to 34 million households. However, implementation has faced issues like delays in wage payments and lack of measuring asset creation. States like Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have performed well, while some others lag behind in women's participation and other metrics.
MGNREGA status Role in poverty alleviationNamitaPradhan6
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its role in poverty alleviation. It provides background on MGNREGA, including its history, implementation status, goals of providing 100 days of guaranteed employment. It discusses MGNREGA's role in poverty alleviation by providing income opportunities, promoting financial inclusion, and ensuring timely wage payments. Overall, MGNREGA aims to guarantee rural employment, develop rural infrastructure, and alleviate poverty across India.
The document discusses the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) which aims to guarantee at least 100 days of employment per year to rural households. It was implemented to reduce poverty and unemployment through job creation. The study examined MGNREGA's implementation in Punjab, India. It found an average of 20-27 days of employment provided annually between 2011-2016. Common issues faced by job card holders included irregular work, lack of adequate work, delays in wage payments and low wage rates. Suggestions to improve MGNREGA included ensuring minimum 100 days employment at increased wages, on-time payments, and worksite facilities.
The MGNREGA Act provides a legal entitlement to at least 100 days of employment per year in rural areas. It aims to enhance livelihood security by providing unskilled manual work. The program is implemented by gram panchayats, with the involvement of contractors banned. This Core Java project creates a system for Block Development Officers and Gram Panchayat Members to create projects and employees, allocate workers, calculate wages, and monitor the MGNREGA program. The system aims to computerize record keeping and implementation compared to the currently manual process, with future enhancements like automated messages and payments discussed.
Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemeijtsrd
Rural Employment Guarantee Act was notified on September 7, 2005, now referred to as MGNREGA was launched on 2 February 2006 in 200 backward districts with a view to extend it to all the districts within five years and extended through out India wef, 01- 04 - 2008. It was expanded to cover another 130 districts in 2007-2008 and eventually covered all districts in India wef April 01, 2008.As envisaged in the Act, the Jammu and Kashmir Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has been formulated on the basis of the Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The flagship scheme was extended to the State wef February 2006 as per following roaster:1. Doda, Poonch, Kupwar are Ist generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 2-2006)2. Anantnag and Jammu are 2nd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2007)3. Rest of the Districts (17) including District Pulwama are 3rd generation NREGA districts of J&K wef 04-2008) Mohd Ashraf Mir | Dr. Vibha Doorwar | Dr. Syed Damsaz Ali Andrabi"Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2289.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/2289/mahatama-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-scheme/mohd-ashraf-mir
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) provides a legal guarantee of at least 100 days of employment per financial year to adult members of rural households willing to do public work related manual labor at minimum wage. It aims to alleviate poverty and foster rural development. Key features include time-bound employment, wage payments within 15 days, emphasis on labor intensive projects, and a requirement that 1/3 of participants are women. The program is jointly funded by central and state governments.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment guarantee actSantosh Ramchiary
This presentation is on Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee act which was presented by social work student of Tara institute of social sciences, Mumbai in his class presentation. This act basically aims to provide employment to rural households who have job card and the act grantee the employment, for further read my ppt.
By Naomi Jacob
This paper studies whether the National Rural Employement Guarantee Act can have an impact on rural urban migration, if implemented as per the criteria mentioned above, what is the impact of the decrease in such migration and where the NREGA has been implemented well.
This document analyzes socioeconomic disparities across blocks in Koch Bihar district, West Bengal, India. It uses composite scores across 21 demographic, infrastructural, and economic indicators to classify blocks into development categories. The study finds wide socioeconomic disparities between blocks. Specifically, blocks like Tufanganj I, Dinhata II, Sitai, and Mekhliganj have the lowest composite scores and least favorable demographic conditions in terms of population density, sex ratio, and literacy rates. The study suggests these less developed blocks require improvements across indicators to enhance overall socioeconomic development.
Education Facility requirement in Dang districtijtsrd
Education is a constitutional directive. Article 45 of the Directive Principles of the constitution urges all state to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years' within a period of ten years from the commencement of the constitution. Right to education has been recognized as fundamental right in 83rd constitutional amendment, even then the goal of universal education for all has remained distant dream. The status of education is one of the key indicators of socio economic development and employment opportunities largely depend on the level of education. This paper shows status of existing education facility and gap analysis in the Dangs district of Gujarat state. Parin Manishbhai Patel "Education Facility requirement in Dang district" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23720.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/23720/education-facility-requirement-in-dang-district/parin-manishbhai-patel
The MGNREGA was initiated with the objective of enhancing livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year, to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work . As well as MGNREGA is to create durable assets such as roads, canals, ponds and wells in different sectors of village economy. Employment is to be provided within 5 km of an applicants residence, and minimum wages are to be paid.. Thus in present study an attempt has been made by the researcher to study the impact of MGNREGA on rural lives in village Mahur, Nanded district, State Maharashtra. Dr. T. M. Gurnule "Role of Mgnrega in Rural Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49086.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/49086/role-of-mgnrega-in-rural-life/dr-t-m-gurnule
This document discusses women's empowerment through rural employment in Uttar Pradesh, India under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA). Some key points:
- MNREGA aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per year to rural households. It stipulates that 1/3 of workers must be women who receive equal wages.
- The study analyzes women's participation in MNREGA across Indian states and districts of Uttar Pradesh. Kerala had the highest women employment at 92.75% while Uttar Pradesh was lowest at 16.97%.
- Within Uttar Pradesh, Sonbhadra district had the highest women employment
MGNREGA AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A Study of Pannur Village in Chittoor District...Premier Publishers
Women empowerment essentially refers to empowering women to change power relations between them and men in their favour. Public works programmes in India have traditionally offered a unique opportunity for women to earn cash incomes and provide resources particularly to poor women that would enable human capital investment especially for children’s education and nutrition apart from improving women’s bargaining power within the household. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is no exception. MGNREGA offers 33 percent employment to women, guarantees child care facility at the worksite and provides scope to women to participate in planning and implementation of MGNREGA and in conducting social audit as members of Gram Sabha and of Gram Panchayat. Available research studies have shown that women have participated in MGNREGA on a large scale in most states in India; have received equal wages with men and earned incomes of their own; single women households and female–headed households have particularly benefited by MGNREGA as it provided them minimum incomes and food security; and participating women in general are frequently feeling empowered as they have now some say in decision making. The present study is an attempt to measure the impact of MGNREGA on women empowerment and gender equality and the factors attributed to potential of women empowerment under MGNREGA. The study reveals that MGNREGA can enhance the women empowerment even though the objective of MGNREGA is either women empowerment or gender equality.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
This document analyzes women's participation in the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in Manipur, India. It finds that while women's participation in Manipur (40.64%) is higher than the national target of 33%, there are significant differences between districts. Participation is highest in the valley districts of Imphal West (62.60%) and Imphal East (59.94%) and lowest in the hill districts of Chandel (27.54%) and Churachandpur (29.55%). Overall, women accounted for about 41% of NREGS employment in Manipur over the last 5 years, meeting the national target but with room for improvement especially in hill districts. The study
This document provides an overview of a study examining the processes and impact of assets generated under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in tribal villages in Nashik, Maharashtra. The study aims to examine village-level planning and implementation processes related to asset generation, assess the quality and impact of generated assets, and understand how planning and implementation processes relate to asset quality and impact. The study was conducted in 9 tribal villages across 3 blocks, analyzing 40 MGNREGA assets through focus groups, interviews, worksite visits, and reviewing government documents. Key findings relate to planning processes, implementation challenges, and impacts on income generation and migration. However, the study faced limitations due to reliance
Employment generation programmes in India Jagriti Rohit
The document provides information about various rural employment guarantee and poverty alleviation schemes run by the Government of India, including:
1) The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) which guarantees 100 days of employment per year to rural households.
2) The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) which provides additional wage employment and food security through the creation of rural infrastructure.
3) The Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) which aims to bring rural poor families above the poverty line through self-employment opportunities.
An Evaluation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in th...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Livelihood security of Rural people through MGNREGASantosh Mesare
1) The document discusses the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its role in ensuring rural livelihood security in India. 2) It provides background on rising rural poverty and unemployment, and how MGNREGA aims to address this issue by guaranteeing at least 100 days of employment per year. 3) Research reviews and case studies show MGNREGA has improved incomes, food security, and empowerment of women, though some studies found employment days provided fell short of the 100-day target.
Mahatma Gandhi National rural employment act latestaishnasrivastava
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) is India's landmark centrally funded social welfare initiative to eradicate poverty and unemployment in rural areas. It is the largest employment guarantee program in the world, providing a vital safety net for rural citizens
Study and Assessment on Rural Development Programme in Indiaijtsrd
Rural development has remained at the centre stage of national development in India. But poverty has persisted despite our efforts to tackle it since independence. Rural development focuses upon the development of the sections of rural economies, that experience serious poverty issues and effectively aims at developing their productivity. It also emphasises the need to address various pressing issues of village economies that hinder growth and improve these areas. The Government of India has lunched number of schemes for development of rural areas. The rural India facing the major problems of housing, absence of infrastructure in villages and towns to village connectivity by all weather roads and absence of employment opportunities in villages. This paper is to study the Government of India has announced, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA to provide employment to rural people Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yoiana PMGSY to build roads, and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yoiana Gramin PMAY G scheme is to provide houses. These 3 important schemes are play main role in rural development of India. The study reveals that against the target of 1.00 crore houses to be constructed by March 2019, 44.54 lakh houses have been constructed during 2017 18 under PMAY G scheme. The pace of construction of PMGSY roads reached an eight year high of 134 kilometre per day in 2017 18 as against an average of 73 Kilometres during the period 2011 to 2014. Hence, the pace of construction has increased by 93 . MGNREGA has provided employment to 5.12 crore households by generating more than 234.25 crore person days of wage employment covering 177 lakh works during FY 2017 18. Anima Kumari | Dr. K. C. Jha "Study and Assessment on Rural Development Programme in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52264.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52264/study-and-assessment-on-rural-development-programme-in-india/anima-kumari
Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on...ijtsrd
Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger is the first and the primary concern of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) . The primary consideration to trigger development should be to maximize work opportunities for the unemployed and under employed. A multifaceted developmental strategy has been adopted to address the needs of the poor by ensuring their basic rights and to promote economic growth. To fight unemployment , poverty and enhance livelihood security more effectively with multiplier effect on Social Capital formation ,Physical Capital, Ecological Synergies, Strengthen Democratic Process and ensure Sustainable Development a new wage employment programme namely National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was formulated in 2005 and implemented in all the states and union territories of India in phased manner from February 2006 .With its legal frame work and rights based approach Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides 100 days of guaranteed to every rural house hold whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work with in a financial year . Some 25.15 crore workers under 7.08 crore job cards are registered under the scheme and 2449.25 crore person days have been generated with total expenditure of 425979.42 crore from inception of the scheme (2-2006 to 19-11-2017 ) by providing employment to unemployed unskilled manual workers of rural India .There are several flagship programmes viz Bharat Nirman, Pradhan Mantari Gram Sadak Yojna, Pradhan Mantari Awas Yojna, National Health Mission, Swatch Bharat Mission etc , in spite of all these programmes there are several gaps which MGNREGA can fill and also supplement these programmes under convergence module. Not much research work has been done on the current theme , hence this descriptive cum evaluative study seems to be due therefore conducted under this research paper. Mohd Ashraf Mir | Dr. Vibha Doorwar | Suheel Azad"Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on Unemployment and Village Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12857.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/12857/impact-of-mahatma-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-act-mgnrega-on-unemployment-and-village-economy/mohd-ashraf-mir
This document discusses women's participation in the informal sector in India. It notes that gender gaps in employment, work conditions, and wages produce discrimination against women. Women largely work in the informal sector in developing countries. In India, about 60% of rural males and females belong to the economically active age group of 15-59 years old. Several government schemes provide skills training and development for women in the informal sector, such as the Recognition of Prior Learning program and Community Polytechnics. The Jan Shikshan Sansthan scheme also provides vocational skills training. Data on enrollment in the Jan Shikshan Sansthan scheme from 2015-2016 shows that in all 35 participating states, women's participation was higher than men's participation
The document discusses the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which legally guarantees 100 days of employment per year to rural households. Some key points:
- Enacted in 2005, it guarantees employment within 15 days of application, payment within 15 days, and work within 5km of residence with no gender discrimination.
- Launched in 2006, it was implemented gradually across India and strengthened social and gender equality by reserving jobs for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and 50% of jobs for women.
- The primary objective is to provide wage employment for the poorest while developing natural resources and infrastructure in rural areas through labor-intensive works.
Dynamics of Rural Development Programmes in Uttar Pradeshinventionjournals
The Uttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state, majority of population live in rural areas. This situation comprises of widespread unemployment, low standard of living, inadequate productive skill and malnutrition. Rural development always has been an important issue in all discussions pertaining to economic development, especially of developing countries. The rural development programme is a key device for progress of rural area in Uttar Pradesh. This paper makes an attempt to measure actual performance and Government’s initiatives to accelerate the process of rural development through rural development programme in Uttar Pradesh.
Self- Help Groups, a model for Economic Growth in Nagalandpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Economic status of a nation or a state is largely associated by the presence of industries, companies and manufacturing units. The state of Nagaland though surprisingly devoid of the presence of such industries and companies has been making steady progress over the years in its economic status but at a slow phase. The introduction of the Self- help Group scheme in the state in 1999-2000 has been a blessing to the people in many respects. The present paper dwells on the immense contribution made by the SHGs towards the growth of the state’s economy. It brings out to light the role of SHGs in strengthening the economic position of the state, employment opportunities generated and the number of people seriously engaged in the SHGs. The paper attempts to examine the huge potentiality SHGs have in the absence of industries and companies by making a case study of three districts of Nagaland viz. Peren, Kohima and Dimapur districts. It also brings out the SHGs –Bank linkage programmes in the state. For this purpose the paper is divided into three sections. Section I deals with introductory remarks and outlines, the significance of self help groups for employment generation with the infusion of low capital. It also provided an input to analyse the data relating to self help groups from an all India perspective Vis a Vis to self help groups in north eastern states. Section II draws attention of the economic profile of the state and also focus on the sample size for the study emphasising on the impact of self help groups and their contribution to socio- economic development. Section III analyses the findings of the study and provides concluding remarks and suggestions.
Keywords: Bank-linkage, Economic empowerment, income generation, low capital, potentiality. Self help groups, sustainability.
This document provides an overview and summary of the MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) scheme in India. It discusses key aspects of the scheme such as objectives, funding, eligible works, stakeholders and organizational structure. It also describes the process of implementing MGNREGA from job card application to wage payment.
The summary identifies three major concerns with MGNREGA implementation: delayed wage payments, incomplete works, and maintaining the required 60% labor to 40% material cost ratio. Field visits were conducted to analyze these problems. Recommendations are made to improve the scheme based on data analysis at state and district levels.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (Mgnreg) Scheme For Uplif...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses several government schemes aimed at promoting employment and livelihood opportunities in India, including PMEGP, MGNREGA, NRLM, and NULM. PMEGP was launched in 2008 to generate employment through micro-enterprises. MGNREGA seeks to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per rural household. NRLM aims to increase incomes of rural poor through self-help groups. NULM focuses on organizing urban poor into groups for skills training, micro-enterprises, shelter, and supporting street vendors.
Performance Analysis of MGNREGA A Micro Study of Gadapadar GP of Jeypore BlockYogeshIJTSRD
This paper is based on the outcomes of a survey conducted by the scholar for preparation of M.Phil dissertation during September, 2014. The major objective of the study is to examine the impact of development programmes on socio economic life of tribals. The major thrust of the paper is to find out the impact of MGNREGA for supporting increasing the standard of living of the tribal counterparts. It is a study of tribal dominated Gram Panchayat, i.e. Gadapadar situated at 5kms away from Jeypore Block of Koraput district of Odisha. Arun Kumar Tripathy "Performance Analysis of MGNREGA: A Micro Study of Gadapadar GP of Jeypore Block" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38747.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/38747/performance-analysis-of-mgnrega-a-micro-study-of-gadapadar-gp-of-jeypore-block/arun-kumar-tripathy
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Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org Volume 4 Issue 4 || April. 2015 || PP.22-27
www.ijhssi.org 22 | Page
Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
Dr.K.Padma
Associate Professor
Visakha Govt. Degree College for Women Visakhapatnam
ABSTRACT: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was notified on
September 2005 and implemented all over the country in three phases. The Act covered 200 districts in its first
phase, implemented on February 2, 2006, and was extended to 130 additional districts in 2007- 2008. All the
remaining rural areas have been notified with effect from April 1, 2008. The objective of the programme is to
provide guaranteed employment for at least 100 days in rural areas in a financial year to every rural household
whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Besides generating wage employment, the novel
idea involved in NREGA is creation of assets both at individual level and the community level in rural areas.
The Act envisages strengthening the natural resources management and addressing causes for chronic poverty
like drought, deforestation and soil erosion and thereby to achieve sustainable development. The present study
is undertaken to assess 1) the employment generated by MGNREG, 2) The nature of assets generated by the
programme, 3) the growth in wage rates and growth in productivity and 4) Categories of persons secured
employment in Andhra Pradesh. The present study relies on secondary sources for information to analyze and
infer the conclusions. The study also depends on the reports published by the Government of India and the
research works published by the scholars and professionals. Performance of MGNREGA is evaluated for the
period 2012-13 to 2014-15 by considering number of persons employed, categories of persons employed, and
type of assets created.
KEY WORDS: MGNREGA Wages Employment Assets Labour supply
I. INTRODUCTION:
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was notified on
September 2005 and implemented all over the country in three phases. The Act covered 200 districts in its first
phase, implemented on February 2, 2006, and was extended to 130 additional districts in 2007- 2008. All the
remaining rural areas have been notified with effect from April 1, 2008. The objective of the programme is to
provide guaranteed employment for at least 100 days in rural areas in a financial year to every rural household
whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Besides generating wage employment, the novel
idea involved in NREGA is creation of assets both at individual level and the community level in rural areas.
The Act envisages strengthening the natural resources management and addressing causes for chronic poverty
like drought, deforestation and soil erosion and thereby to achieve sustainable development. The salient features
of MGNREA are:
1. Right based Framework,2) Time bound Guarantee,3) work up to 100days in financial year per
household, depending on the actual demand, 4)Labour Intensive Works, 5)No contractors/machinery, 6) Gram
Sabha’s to recommend works7)At least 50% of works by Gram Panchayats for execution,8) Principal role of
PRIs in planning, monitoring and implementation,9) Work site facilities,10) At least one-third of beneficiaries
should be women,11) Transparency & Accountability: Proactive disclosure through Social Audits,12)Grievance
Redressel Mechanism
Implementation:
Under Sec 3 of the MGNREG Act, States are responsible for providing work in accordance with the
Scheme. Under Sec 4 of MGNREG Act, every state government is required to make a scheme for providing not
less than 100 days of guaranteed employment in a financial year, to those who demand work.
Funding
Central Government -100% of wages for unskilled manual work, 75% of material cost of the schemes
including payment of wages to skilled and semiskilled workers.
2. Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
www.ijhssi.org 23 | Page
State Government- 25% of material including payment of wages to skilled and semi skilled workers
cost. 100% of unemployment allowance by state government.
The works undertaken through MGNREGA give priority to activities related to Water harvesting,
groundwater recharge, drought-proofing, and flood protection. Its focus on eco-restoration and sustainable
livelihoods will lead over time, to an increase in land productivity and aid the workers in moving from wage
employment to sustainable employment. Almost 80% works relate to soil and water conservation. MGNREGA
works by their very nature place stress on increasing land productivity, recharging ground water and increasing
water availability. Recent amendment of the Act to permit MGNREGA works on individual land of small and
marginal farmers who constitute 89% of the farming community, in addition to the individual land of
SC/ST/BPL/IAY/ land reform beneficiaries will augment the impact on agricultural productivity and household
income.
Objectives:
The present study is undertaken to assess 1) the employment generated by MGNREG, 2) The nature of
assets generated by the programme, 3) the growth in wage rates and growth, in productivity and 4) Categories
of persons secured employment in Andhra Pradesh.
Methodology:
The present study relies on secondary sources for information to analyze and infer the conclusions. The
study also depends on the reports published by the Government of India and the research works published by
the scholars and professionals. Performance of MGNREGA is evaluated for the period 2012-13 to 2014-15 by
considering number of persons employed, categories of persons employed, and type of assets created.
Profile of Rural Andhra Pradesh:
Table.1Rural Population in Andhra Pradesh-2011 Census
Sl.no District Total Men Women Sex Ratio
1 Srikakulam 22,63,124 11,25,738 11,37,386 1010
2 Vizianagaram 18,52,446 9,21,155 9,31,291 1011
3 Visakhapatnam 22,50,655 11,13,637 11,37,018 1021
4 East Godavari 38,36,952 19,20,872 19,16,080 998
5 West Godavari 31,26,191 15,65,446 15,60,745 997
6 Krishna 26,71,718 13,37,414 13,34,304 998
7 Guntur 32,32,485 16,20,120 16,12,365 995
8 Prakasam 27,30,648 13,81,772 13,48,876 976
9 S.P.S.Nellore 21,03,773 10,59,330 10,44,443 986
10 Chittoor 29,41,581 14,69,263 14,72,318 1002
11 Y.S.R 19,00,788 9,59,697 9,41,091 981
12 Anantapur 29,36,359 14,89,021 14,47,338 972
13 Kurnool 29,02,877 14,66,622 14,36,255 979
Total 34749597 17,430,087 17,319,510 993
Source: Statistical Abstract, Andhra Pradesh 2011
The rural population of residual Andhra Pradesh after bifurcation of Telangana is shown in above
Table. 70 percent of the population in the state is living in rural areas. The main occupation of these people is
agriculture and allied activities. The sex ratio in eight districts of the state is above the state sex ratio. Adult Sex
ratio is lower in Prakasam, SP.S. Nellore, Y.S.R, Anantapur and Kurnool district than the state sex ratio.
(Table.1)
3. Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
www.ijhssi.org 24 | Page
Table.2 Decadal Growth Rate of Rural Population (2011 Census)
S.no District Total Male Female
1 Srikakulam 0.19 0.39 -0.01
2 Vizianagaram 0.85 0.68 1.01
3 Visakhapatnam -2.21 -3.15 -1.26
4 East Godavari 2.33 1.9 2.77
5 West Godavari 2.41 1.8 3.02
6 Krishna -6.07 -7.07 -5.05
7 Guntur 1.67 0.96 2.4
8 Prakasam 5.35 4.96 5.75
9 S.P.S.Nellore 1.66 1.54 1.78
10 Chittoor 0.23 -0.6 1.07
11 Y.S.R -5.62 -6.02 -5.21
12 Anantapur 7.92 6.98 8.9
13 Kurnool 7.04 6.23 7.87
Andhra Pradesh 1.4 -0.84 1.98
Source: Statistical Abstract, Andhra Pradesh 2011
The population in rural areas grew at a lower rate compared to the growth of population in urban
centers of the state in the decade 2001-2011. Visakhapatnam, Krishna and Chittoor and Y.S.R districts of the
state exhibited negative growth of population in rural areas of the state. It indicates that population in rural areas
of these districts declined in the decade 2001-2011. Male population decadal growth rate in Andhra Pradesh is
less than the female population growth rate in the rural areas of the state (Table2). This may be because of lack
of employment in rural areas which forced people to migrate to urban centers for either short or long duration.
Table.3 Literacy Rate in Rural Andhra Pradesh
S.No District Total Males Females
1 Srikakulam 59.08 69.5 48.82
2 Vizianagaram 54.35 64.6 44.28
3 Visakhapatnam 54.52 64 45.3
4 East Godavari 67.97 71.48 64.46
5 West Godavari 72.46 75.79 69.13
6 Krishna 68.98 74.35 63.62
7 Guntur 62.53 70.8 54.27
8 Prakasam 59.72 70.39 48.86
9 S.P.S.Nellore 64.01 71.68 56.27
10 Chittoor 67.86 77.73 58.08
11 Y.S.R 63.68 75.36 51.87
12 Anantapur 59.85 70.41 49.05
13 Kurnool 56.16 67.52 44.63
Andhra Pradesh 56.52 63.80 49.19
Source: Statistical Abstract, Andhra Pradesh 2011
The total literacy rate in the newly formed Andhra Pradesh state is 56.52 percent. The male literacy
rate in the state is 63.80 and female literacy rate is 49.19 percent. Low literacy rate indicates the few
opportunities available for the population of the state to secure employment outside the agricultural sector in the
state (Table3).
Performance of MGNREGA
The Andhra Pradesh state has thirteen districts, 655 blocks and 12, 996 Gram Panchayats. 90.25 lakh
job cards have been issued and 204.21 lakh workers are working in MGNREG works in the state.
4. Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
www.ijhssi.org 25 | Page
Table4 Labour budget for MGREG activities (2012-2015) in Andhra Pradesh
S.no Item FY2014-15 FY2013-14 FY2012-13
1 Approved Labour Budget(in lakhs) 1958.66 3642.50 3690.40
2 Person days generated( in lakhs) 1269.26 2993.53 3273.35
3 % of Total Labour Budget 64.8 82.19 88.7
4 SC person days % as total person days 23.84 23.17 23.38
5 ST person days % as total person days 11.24 14.67 15.43
6 Women person days % as total person days(AP) (National) 58.46
51.51
58.68
47.94
58.34
47.07
Source: mnregaweb4.nic.in
The budget approved for MGNREGA has declined in the span of three years. The person days
generated also declined in three years from 2012- 13 to 2014-15.Labour component of the budget is significant,
though it declined from 88.7 percent in 2012-13 to 64.8 percent in 2014-15. SC, ST and Women secured
significant percentage wage employment under MGNREGA. The women’s share of total person days generated
is near 59 percent in all the three years in Andhra Pradesh and it is higher than the national person days for
women for the three years under study. Women person days of total person days generated at the national level
is 51.51, 47.94 and 47.07 respectively for the years 2014-15, 2013-14 and 2012-13(Table4)
Table5. Average days of employment provided to Households
S.No Item 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13
1 Average days of employment provided per
household
40.91 49.57 55.92
2 Average person days for SC households 38.53 46.34 52.01
3 Average person days of employment provided
to ST households
46.99 56.96 66.52
Source: mnregaweb4.nic.in
The average days of employment provided to the households has gradually declined in the span of
three years. It declined from 55.92 days in 2012-13 to 40.91 days in 2014-15 financial years. The average
person days provided to SC households is respectively 38.53, 46.34 and 52.01 for the financial years 2014-15,
2013-14 and 2012-13. The person days provided to ST households declined from 66.52 in 2012-13 to 46.99 in
2014-15 financial years. The average person days provided to ST households in Andhra Pradesh is respectively
46.99, 56.96 and 66.52 for the financial years 2014-15, 2013-14 and 2012-13. The decline in person days
provided to ST households is sharper compared to the decline in person days for SC households (Table5).It is
shown in the figure given below (Fig1) .
Fig.1 Average days of employment provided to Households
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2014-15 2013-14 2012-13
Average days of
employment provided per
household
Average person days for
SC households
Average person days of
employment provided to
ST households
5. Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
www.ijhssi.org 26 | Page
Table6. Works completed under MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
S.No Item 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13
1 Total No of Works taken up
( New + Spill over in lakhs)
12.23 20.19 49.98
2 No of ongoing works
( in lakhs)
12.16 16.19 46.98
3 No of completed works 6,690 4,00,435 3,00,669
4 % of Expenditure on Agriculture & Allied
Activities
75.7 58.53 64.24
Source: mnregaweb4.nic.in
It is observed that number of works taken up, number of ongoing works in monetary terms declined
and also the number of completed works declined in the span of three years. The decline is sharper in the
financial year 2014-15. The percentage of expenditure incurred on agriculture and allied activities declined in
the financial year 2013-14 compared to the financial year 2012-13 but it increased in the financial year 2014-15.
The percentage of expenditure incurred in the financial year 2014-15 on agricultural and allied activities is 75.7.
(Table.6)
The lands of marginalized communities including Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs)
are taken up on priority. Horticulture plantations on the individual lands of vulnerable sections have been
initiated with an objective of enhancing rural livelihood security and generating sustainable source of income.
100 per cent subsidy for 3 years is given to the beneficiaries for crops including Mango, Sweet orange, Sapota,
Acid lime, Guava, Tamarind and Custard apple. The cost of pitting, planting etc. is paid from MGNREGA
funds. For drip/micro- irrigation, 30 per cent of the cost of installation is paid from MGNREGA and 70 per cent
is provided in convergence with other Schemes. Overall, in Andhra Pradesh, plantations have been taken up in
2.8 lakh hectares in last seven years of implementation benefitting around 3.6 lakh SC / ST/ Small and Marginal
farmers. The programme has positively impacted the income from the mango harvest esp. in districts like
Chittoor and Anantapur where horticulture has been promoted on a large scale.
Table7. Financial progress of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
S.No Item 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13
1 Wages (in lakhs) 1,36,571.1
(62.19)
3,40,582.55
(63.25)
3,47,762.45
(67.87)
2 Material & Skilled wages
(in lakhs)
% material Expenditure of the total
expenditure
42,160.25
23.59
1,39,054.33
28.99
1,10,159.58
24.06
3 Total Admn Expenditure 40,837.15 58,833.25 54,455.58
4 Total Expenditure 2,19,568.49 5,38,470.13 5,12,377.74
Source: mnregaweb4.nic.in
The wage component of the MGNREGA continues to be more than sixty percent though it declined
from 68.87 percent in the financial year 2012-13 to 63.25 in the financial year in 2013-14 and further to 62.19
in the present financial year. The material component of the expenditure in MGNREGA works in Andhra
Pradesh is low compared to the all India average expenditure on material component on MGNREGA works in
the financial years 2012-13 and 2014-15. However, in 2013-14 the material component of the expenditure on
MGNREGA in A.P exceeded the national average expenditure on material component (Table7).
Discussion/Conclusion:
MGNREGA is introduced to mitigate rural distress a consequence of agrarian crisis caused by the
implementation of the neo-liberal policies in our country. The implementation of MGNREGA resulted in right
to employment for at least 100 days in a year in rural areas. The Act creating community assets and right to
employment benefitted small and marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. The assets created resulted in
increasing the productivity of agriculture (www.mgnrega.nic.in). It prevented distress migration to some extent.
However, there are people who claim that implantation of MGNREGA resulted in increasing the wages and non
availability of farm labour for agricultural operations. But, the research findings and also the fact that job cards
are not issued to 100 percent households and also the fact that very few households completed 100 days work
through MGNREGA indicates that there is no scarcity of labour in rural areas (www.mgnrega.nic.in). Even if
scarcity exists it is not due to MGNREGA but some other factor, which we have to look out. MGNREGA
through wage employment and assets creation, which improve agricultural productivity, enhanced the demand
in rural areas. Besides, public investment in employment and asset creation is necessary to compensate the
6. Performance of MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh
www.ijhssi.org 27 | Page
deficiency of private investment to revive agrarian economy. MGNREGA is not only necessary but also it has
to be strengthened through convergence of various departments to pool technology, skill and resource for
efficient delivery. MGNREGA created employment and hence income to hitherto excluded sections and thereby
it lead to achieve inclusive growth in rural areas. MGNREGA not only delivered economic benefits but also
many social benefits to the society to attain sustainable development. Hence, financial allocations to
MGNREGA should not be curtailed but it should be strengthened by removing any pitfalls in its
implementation. The continuation of MGNREGA is essential to curtail excess migration to urban areas and
given the literacy rate in rural areas.
REFERENCES:
[1]. Business Standard, Tuesday, December 9, 2014
[2]. Enhancing sustainable Livelihoods of the poor through convergence of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA with various schemes, Ministry
of Rural development, Government of India
[3]. Impact of MGNREGS wage employment on the agricultural farmers in A.P, Department of rural development, Government of
Andhra Pradesh
[4]. Kanika Mahajan, (2012) Agricultural wages and NREGA: Exploring the myth, Live Mint, Mon, Nov 05 2012. 12 24 PM IST
[5]. Jairam Ramesh, agrariancrisis.in November 2, 2011
[6]. Jayati Ghosh Equity and Inclusion through public Expenditure: The potential of the NREGS, Paper presented at International
Conference on NREGA, Ministry Rural Development and ICAR, 21-22 January 2009
[7]. www.mgnrega.nic.in