This document discusses rural and urban development. It notes that rural development aims to improve quality of life in isolated areas, but rural areas often face problems like low incomes, lack of infrastructure, and poverty. It then outlines various rural development programs and lessons from China's collectivization. The document also discusses that urban development guides land use and transportation. It notes Southeast Asian cities were formed by European colonizers and discusses Spanish influences on developing Philippine cities and their economic activities during that time.

1. RURAL AND
URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 8
By
Fajardo

2. Rural Development
 Generally refers to the process and improving
the quality of life and economic well- being of
people living in relatively isolated and
sparsely populated areas.

3. Condition of a Rural Area

4. Rural Problems
 Low/little/lesser incomes
 Productivity is very low
 Absence of Economic and Social
infrastructure
 No Capital
 Lack of Cultural and Educational activities

5. Rural Areas: Roots of Poverty
 The world’s poorest are found in the rural
areas.
 Economic opportunities are extremely rare
and hope.
 Without enough foods, cloth, and shelter.

6. Rural Poors
 Small Farmers
 Tenants
 Sharecroppers
 Farm workers
 Hacienderos and Rancheros

7.  Agrarian reform
program
 Cooperatives
development program
 Human settlement
program
 Community
development program
 Nutrition program
 Integrated area
development program
 Rural electrification
project
 Fishing resources
management
 Medium and small-
scale industries
 Family planning

8. Stages of Rural Development
in China
The transition of China from a small peasant economy
into a collective agriculture is divided into four stages
within the span of six years from 1952- 1958, These
stages are:
 Mutual Aid teams – The first step towards
collectivization, 6- 10 families grouped themselves to
labor, animal and farm implements, By the end of 1952,
40% of the rural families belonged to 8 million mutual
aid teams.

9.  Elementary cooperatives- formed in 1953, The
simple credit and marketing cooperatives. The
main feature of elementary cooperatives is their
recognition of individual property rights in the
system of income distribution.
 Advanced cooperatives- composed of 10-20
elementary cooperatives. This covered one village
with 1000-3000 persons and a farm area from
300-800 hectares.

10.  Peoples Commune- The main purpose of the
commune is to serve agriculture. The
agricultural cooperatives and the
administrative units called ‘Hsiang’, were
merge into the peoples communes. By 1958,
740,000 advanced cooperatives were re-
constituted into 26,000 communes.

11. Lessons from China
 Employment, equality and satisfaction of
basic needs.
 Ability to meet the basic needs of its people.
 First priority is the social transformation of
agriculture.

12. Urban Development
 Is a technical and political process concerned
with the use of land and design of the urban
environment, including transportation
networks, to guide and ensure the orderly
development of settlement and communities.

13. Urban Development in
Southeast Asia

14. Condition of a Urban Area

15. Development of Great Cities in
Southeast Asia
 All great cities in Southeast Asia were formed
by the European Colonizers.
 Such colonial influence was the evident in the
western appearance of administrative and
commerce areas and large number of foreign
residents.

16. Spanish Development of
Philippines Cities

17. City and Town Planning
 Construction of large church, convent, and
seminary
 Construction of town center and plaza
 Construction of railway’s

18. Economic Activities during
Spanish Time
 Galleon Trade
 Tobacco Monopoly
 Production of rice, sugar and abaca

19. Thank You!
Presented by.
Eduarte, Wendell Aries S.
ECO 1. MWF 8:00- 11:00am
Instructor: Dr. Zenaida H. Brioso