Coursed rubble masonry uses irregular stones of varying sizes arranged in courses of equal height. Uncoursed rubble uses irregular stones placed directly from the quarry without courses. Pologonal rubble dresses stones into irregular polygons to avoid long vertical joints. Flint rubble uses small silica nodules in areas where flint is plentiful. Dry rubble construction uses stones without mortar for structures like retaining walls. Tests are conducted on stones to determine properties like strength, durability, and absorption, and failures can occur from defects, weathering, or improper construction. Reused stone can be used decoratively in gardens.

1. Presented By-
Dhiraj Rajendra Supekar.

2. RUBBLE STONE MASONRY
The stone which is used are either rough or undressed.
The masonry has wider joints, since stones of irregular sizes are used.
Rubble is a broken stone of irregular size, shape and texture; undressed
especially as a filling-in and is often used to create stone walls.
INTRODUCTION

3. TYPES OF RUBBLE MASONRY
Coursed Rubble Masonry
Uncoursed Rubble Masonry
Polygonal Masonry
Flint Masonry
Dry Rubble Masonry

4. COURSED RUBBLE MASONRY
• In coursed rubble masonry construction, the stones in particular
course are in equal heights.
• The stones hence used posses different sizes. In this type , all the
courses do not have same height.
• This type is commonly employed in the construction of public
buildings, residential buildings and piers of ordinary bridges.

5. UNCOURSED RUBBLE MASONRY
• These Stones are of irregular shapes and sizes directly obtained
from the quarry by removing the weak corners & edges by
hammer.
• Cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone masonry.

6. POLYGONAL RUBBLE MASONRY
• In this type of masonry the stones are roughly dressed to an
irregular polygonal shape.
• The stones should be so arranged as to avoid long vertical joints
in face work and to break joints as much as possible.

7. FLINT RUBBLE MASONRY
• This type of masonry is used in the areas where the flint is available in
plenty.
• These are the irregularly shaped nodules of silica.
• These stones are brittle & therefore break easily.

8. DRY RUBBLE MASONRY
• This type of masonry is used in the construction of retaining walls in
agriculture land, pitching earthen dams and canal slopes in the form of
random masonry without any mortar.
• This type of construction is the cheapest & requires more skills in
construction.

9. Properties Stone Masonry
Strength High strength
Durability Excellent
Fire Resistance Less
Handling Requiring lifting devices
Method of Construction Quarrying, Dressing
Cost More
Use Pier, Dam, Residential

10. Test conducted on Stones
 AcidTest : understand the presence of CaCo3 in building stone.
 Attrition Test : Resisting power against grinding action or wear and tear against the
traffic.
 CrushingTest : Compressive strength of stones. ( i.e. 100 MPa )
 ImpactTest : Resistance of stones against sudden loading.
 Smith’sTest : Presence of soluble matter in stones.
 Water AbsorptionTest :To check how much water the stone may absorb. ( > 5 % ).
 HardnessTest :To determine the surface abrasion resistance of stone .

11. FAILURE
Failures can be occurred due -
 Defects can arise if a stone block is incorrectly placed in a
building in relation to its bedding plane.
 Failure occurs over time through the wetting and drying
cycle, possibly exacerbated by frost attack.
 Usually the damage is to mortar joints that they have
lodged in.
 Issues may occur such as incorrect mix proportions, use of
unauthorized admixtures, sulphate attack, freeze and
aesthetic failures.

12. Reuse for
 Decorative garden walkway.
 Flowerbed edging.
 Fire pit.
 Rock Riverbed.
 Filling in Plinth Level .
 Art Project.

13. ThankYou