1. Following the process of modernization, a trend toward
greater joint decision-making is occurring for rural couples.
2. Although increasingly made jointly, agricultural decisions
are generally by husbands.
3. Farm couples are moving toward more joint agricultural and
family life decisions.
4. Farm and nonfarm couples’ domestic work decisions
continue to be made jointly.
Concept of Human Values
Value Education as Holistic Education
Significance of Values
Aim of Education & value Education
Evolution of Value oriented Education
Types of values
Components of value Education
This concept map provides the definition of certain terms relating to the family, specifically marriage terms. Students are to research the definitions to find the correct terms that match the definition.
Concept of Human Values
Value Education as Holistic Education
Significance of Values
Aim of Education & value Education
Evolution of Value oriented Education
Types of values
Components of value Education
This concept map provides the definition of certain terms relating to the family, specifically marriage terms. Students are to research the definitions to find the correct terms that match the definition.
Scrutinizing the 'feminization of agriculture' hypothesis: trajectories of la...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Kartika Juniwaty (Center for International Forestry Research), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
International Perspectives on Poverty, Social Exclusion, and HomelessnessFEANTSA
Presentation given by Professor Marybeth Shinn, Professor of Human and Organizational Development Vanderbilt University, Peabody College, Nashville, USA at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Homelessness and Poverty", Paris, France, 2009
Harold Alderman, Dan Gilligan, Melissa Hidrobo, Jessica Leight, Michael Mulford, Heleene Tambet
REGIONAL WORKSHOP
SPIR II Learning Event
Co-organized by IFPRI, USAID, CARE, ORDA, and World Vision
MAY 16, 2023 - 9:00AM TO MAY 17, 2023 - 5:00PM EAT
Presentation by Paola Giuliano at Development Day 2018 – Gender Equality and Economic Development: From Research to Action. This year conference was focused on existing constraints and also highlighted initiatives that could help to create an equal society.
More about the conference and research in transition economics can be found on SITE’s website: https://www.hhs.se/site
Pace, N. “Cash Transfers and Women’s Economic Inclusion Experimental evidence from Zambia.” CSAE Conference 2022, Economic Development in Africa. March 17, 2022.
Changing Demographics: The Meaning for Advertising and MarketingAAF Northern Illinois
Joel Cowen, Health Systems Research, offers a review of demographic, social and economic trends in the Rockford area focused on the growth of the "underclass" with discussion of the meaning for retailing, advertising and marketing.
The paper presents results of food self-provisioning case study from five European regions. Food self-provisioning (gardening) has many positive aspects: lowering ecological footprint of food, increase of self-efficacy and decrease of the dependency on global markets, preservation of traditional knowledge and possible improvement of social networks through exchange of food.
European Union and many of its member states support alternative food networks and environmentally friendly agricultural policies, such as organic farming or farmers markets. However, the gardening seems to be undervalued or misunderstood; this activity has not received enough attention of the policymakers. Some European scholars tend to interpret the gardening in Western Europe as a way of self-realization and in Eastern Europe as a heritage of socialist era or coping strategy of poor people. We argue that this simplification neglects the local specifics and we interpret gardening more as a hobby or continuation of traditions.
Data from the sociological survey with 2500 respondents carried out in rural and urban regions in five EU countries (UK, Netherlands, Germany, Czechia, Hungary) in 2010 are presented, to show how widespread is the gardening and which social groups are most involved. The results document that gardening is common among most of the regions. Though people do not need to be aware of the consequences of their activities, they unintentionally promote alternative sustainable practices. We conclude that gardening should deserve more support of the policymakers and interest of academics, since it is widespread activity with high sustainability potential.
Sex Trafficking of Native American Women in Mining TownsRural Soc
“The attitude [in the Dakotas] seems to be that the lives of
a few Indian women are a small price to pay for economics,” says an advocate who asked not to be identified for fear of negative reaction from her board of directors.
Through a collaboration between Extension and the Planning Office of the county, residents of the rural portion of a growing suburban county of the Cincinnati MSA have been able to express their residential and land use preferences in two planning cycles.
This presentation begins with a description of the baseline residential and land use preferences from focus groups in 1999 which culminated in a proposal to the Planning Office for a specific section of the comprehensive land use plan. How these recommendations were integrated into the plan and implemented over the next 15 is then explained. The partnership was renewed in 2013 in preparation for another comprehensive land use plan update. This time, a survey of residents and landowners in the southern part of the county (N = 1103, 35% response rate) provided an overview of residential and land use preferences that will be integrated into the next plan. This presentation will compare and contrast residential and land use preferences over time and assess the effectiveness of land use regulations adopted in 2000.
Pinning Down the Change: A Community-Level Study of Timberland Ownership Change Rural Soc
Over the last twenty years, the forest products industry has sold much of its land base throughout the U.S. The majority of that land is being transferred from traditional vertically-integrated industry to new corporate owners in the form of timber investment management organizations (TIMOs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs). A smaller portion has transferred to the public, non-governmental organizations (NGO), non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners, and to privately-held and vertically-integrated corporations in the forest products industry.
By controlling the management of the forest, these new owners will directly impact ecology, economics, and society. Previous research has focused on national or regional trends, overlooking the major impact this development will have locally. This study mapped timberland ownership change in five counties in Southwest Alabama where timber production is concentrated. This area is primarily rural and timber dependent. To identify where land had changed hands and collect information on new owners, industrial timberland ownership from the early 1990s was mapped and compared to current timberland ownership.
Following national trends, industry sold almost all of its land in this area and the majority of that land (63%) is now owned by REITs and TIMOs. Absentee ownership still accounted for 83% of the land. Little fragmentation or use change occurred, leaving the forest as a whole seemingly untouched. However, there were ecologically important changes in some areas, included 54,000 acres purchased for conservation. The implications of these changes for rural timber dependent communities will be discussed.
EMERGING AGRI-FOOD ACTORS IN THE CANADIAN AND AUSTRALIAN GRAINS SECTORS
Recent macro conditions have made farmland/primary production more attractive to investors and corporate
entities!
Farm sector restructuring and consolidation has driven
the need for outside capital!
A range of new models brings new actors and logics into
the agricultural space!
This is a sector in flux, with a great deal of experimentation/uncertainty in the marriage between
agriculture and finance!
Must be cautious about some of the hype around
ʻfinancialization
FROM BOAT-TO-FORK: LESSONS LEARNED FROM MARKET-BASED ADAPTATION IN DELCAMBRE, LARural Soc
Preliminary Findings: Observations
•Extremely strong place attachment
•Enthusiastic participation in Seafood & Farmers’ Market
•Enthusiastic consumer demand
•Local grocery, fish house, & fish shops accept SNAP
•Numerous direct seafood marketing projects across the state
•DDS participating fishers are not necessarily ‘local’
The Locavore Chef - Exploring Alternative Food Networks in AlbertaRural Soc
“There’s so many more farmers that are selling to restaurants now than there was ten years ago. It’s been a massive change… because of the support of just a handful of restaurants. I can’t tell you how many farmers thanked me personally when I left the restaurant for keeping their family on the farm. And that’s huge! Talk about a fulfilling career!”
Assessing the Impacts of the Federal Farm Bill Programs on Rural Communities Rural Soc
How do different farm bill programs impact rural community well being?
KEY CONCLUSIONS
• The most important farm bill programs are the rural development and nutrition programs because of their wide reach and direct impacts.
• Rural development programs make the biggest impact per dollar spent.
– Designed to benefit rural communities
– Provide the basic building blocks for rural development
– Loan guarantees are a particularly powerful tool since they leverage investment from other private and public lenders.
• Farm commodity programs are probably the least efficient policy mechanisms for promoting rural community well-being.
– Key exception = farm-dependent areas
• If rural community outcomes are a primary policy goal and assuming finite federal resources, experts in recommend shifting public investments away from direct payments and into targeted rural development programs.
– But politically difficult
• Efforts to promote broad rural community development, provide for nonfarm employment, and sustain rural amenities and quality of life may be more important to the well-being of most farm families than benefits from traditional farm programs
Gender differences in agricultural production strategies: Variations by villa...Rural Soc
Small farmers offer a diversity of perspectives on agricultural production strategies. On one hand, individual knowledge and beliefs may be quite similar across perspectives, such as the idea that crop rotation is an important practice.
On the other, broad based knowledge and belief systems can be markedly different. Specifically, farmers may gravitate towards conventional, risk-averse, or conservation agricultural perspectives. These overarching strategies shape multiple indicators of one's perception of best farming practices.
Although research often finds differences in mindset according to region, little scholarship has examined agroecological perspectives as a function of gender. This paper investigates an ethnically homogenous agricultural zone in north central Mali with equal samples of males and females within each of four villages.
Our goal is to explore gender differences by focusing on: (a) examining variations in gender perspectives with respect to agroecological knowledge and belief systems, (b) exploring gender differences within and across villages and, (c) analyzing the social network to identify actors that foster relationships based on farmers' gender.
Effects of Federal Conservation Payments on Fertilizer-use in the MidwestRural Soc
Fertilizer use on agricultural land contributes to both nutrient pollution of surface and ground water as well as to global climate change. Voluntary conservation programs run by the USDA encourage farmers to reduce their use of fertilizers and to adopt practices and technologies that reduce nutrient run-off, but do the funds that go into these programs have the desired effect? OLS regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of federal conservation subsidies on both the number of farmland acres treated with fertilizer and the number of farms that reported using conservation practices. The analysis uses county level data for Michigan, Illinois and Iowa from the 2007 Census of Agriculture and subsidy data obtained by the Environmental Working Group from the USDA. Conservation subsidies are found to have a significant, negative effect on the acres of farmland treated with fertilizer and a significant, positive effect on the number of farms using conservation practices. Crop insurance subsidies are also found to have a large, significant and positive effect on acres fertilized. Variables such as average farmer age, number of female operators, average farm size, number of organic acres, number of irrigated acres and number of rented acres per county are not found to be significant. This analysis has substantial implications for achieving conservation outcomes though agricultural policies because it highlights ways that production policies can work at counter purposes to the goals of conservation programs.
Bluegrass Defiance: The Emergence and Growth of a Grassroots Resistance MovementRural Soc
In the spring of 2013, strangers began to appear along the roads of rural Kentucky's outer Bluegrass counties. They were asking to come onto people's land to do a survey for a pipeline that would be coming through. Within a few weeks, as more people began to investigate, it became clear that this would be a Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) pipeline to carry the viscous, volatile and toxic remains of fracking from the fields of Pennsylvania through Ohio and Kentucky and then onto the Gulf Coast. I became a participant observer of the grassroots resistance that emerged and gained national attention.
This paper will:
Document the emergence and growth of the pipeline opposition and its use of social media; and
Analyze the framing of the debate about the pipeline through the resistance themes used by the opposition and the ways in which the pipeline builders reacted to this "surprising revolt."
"The Google Group" provided the on-line support network for opponents of the proposed Bluegrass Pipeline, in addition to tracking every move the company made and every word they said in the 13 affected counties. Two web sites provided both breadth and depth of documentation and research on the hazards of NGLs, the poor safety record of the company, and the rights of individual property owners to resist the pipeline company. In addition, these sites documented the progress in the acquisition of easements by the company and mapped the shifting geography of the proposed route.
Attitudes Regarding Climate Change in Beef Production SystemsRural Soc
This paper analyzes data from a survey of Extension Agents in the Southern Great Plains. The survey explores agents' views on climate change, interactions with their constituents, and information needs regarding climate change and beef cattle production in the region. The vulnerability and resiliency of beef cattle production systems in the region are affected at the macro level by key social institutions and at the micro level by knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of agents and producers. This paper is an effort to better understand the social factors that contribute to system vulnerability and resilience. The paper explores socio-cultural dimensions influencing attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding climate change and ultimately management practices. A survey was administered to Extension Agents in the region exploring attitudes regarding climate change. We explore the notions of habitus, self- and cultural identity, place, social/ knowledge networks, as explanatory possibilities. The implications of this research will inform capacity-building resources, including decision-making support, as well as adaptation and mitigation management practices that will assist and empower producers and other stakeholders in the region to employ risk- and evidence- based information in their decision-making.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
Changes in Family, Domestic, and Agricultural Joint Decision-Making among Rural Korean Couples: A Longitudinal Study
1. Changes in Family, Domestic, and
Agricultural Joint Decision-
Making among Rural Korean
Couples: A Longitudinal Study
Duk-Byeong Park
Department of Community Development, Kongju National University, Korea
and
Gary A. Goreham
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Dakota State University
Rural Sociological Society annual meeting
July 31-August 3, 2014
New Orleans, LA
2. South Korea
Modernization. Industrialization.
Urbanization. Economic development.
• Post WW2 (1948). Kim Il-Sung established communist regime in the north;
Syngman Rhee established capitalist regime in the south.
• Korean War (1950-1953).
• Rapid economic growth (1960s). Pres. Park Chung Hee.
• Democratic elections, freedom of press, more human rights (1987).
• Growing population: 47,470,970 (2000); 50,219,669 (2013).
• Declining rural population: high 19,300,260, 67.6% (1965); low 8,362,474, 16.8%
(2011).
• Decreasing crude birth rate: 15.1 (2000); 8.4 (2012).
• Increasing GDP per capita: $17,990 (2004); $23,893 (2014, constant 2000 USD).
• Increase in female farmers: 47.8% (2000): 59.5% (2009) (MAF 2009).
3. Korean retail market, 1960s
Korean retail market, 2014
Photos: Ed Adams and Gary Goreham.
6. • South Korean gender-based division of family life tasks is
changing.
• Rural families increasingly rely on wives’ labor to manage
farms (Anthopoulou 2010; Bokemeier & Garkovich 1987; Damisa & Yohanna 2007).
• Rural women’s labor participation in farming doubled from
28% in 1970 to 52% in 2006 (Kang 2008).
• Rural women’s labor force participation and hourly earnings
were higher than their husbands in 2005 (Statistics Korea 2005).
• Women farmers are more involved in decision-making; they
expanded the areas in which they make decisions (Choi 2001).
Rural Couples’ Decision-Making
7. Research Questions
• How has the gender-based division of family life tasks
changed in rural Korea over the past decade?
• How has joint decision-making changed for rural farm
couples? For rural nonfarm couples?
• Do rural couples make decisions differently based on the
type or dimension of family life?
8. Relative Resource Theory
• Spouses with more socio-economic resources may
leverage those resources when delegating domestic work.
• The differential in resources between husbands and wives
leads to inequality in family gender roles (Kamo 1988).
Gender Role Theory
• Men and women engage in different work activities with
different perceived value.
• The work in which women engage, whether inside and
outside the home, may be valued less than the work in
which men engage (Deseran and Simpkins 1991).
9. H1: Both rural farm and nonfarm couples engage in increasing
amounts of joint decision-making.
H2: The rate of increase in joint decision-making for rural farm
couples is substantial; less so for nonfarm couples.
H2a: Increases in joint decision-making for farm couples
are expected particularly in agricultural work and family
life given the increase in wives’ on- and off-farm labor
participation.
H3: Given the traditional nature of rural households, couples’
joint decision-making in domestic work has not increased
significantly.
10. Research Methods
• “Survey on the Rural Living Indicators” conducted by the
Rural Development Administration in Korea; longitudinal
panel of rural couples; November 2000, 2005, and 2009.
• Cluster sampling: 10 households selected by stratified
sampling from 187 community districts out of 12
enumeration districts. Sample of 1,870 rural households.
• N=1,409 (2000); 1,492 (2005); 1,564 (2009).
11. 2000 2005 2009
Region Eup (town or village)
Myen (remote rural village)
34.7
65.3
37.6
62.4
37.6
62.4
Farm/Nonfarm Farm households
Nonfarm households
68.0
32.0
77.2
22.8
73.4
26.6
Age Under 29
30-39
40-49
50-59
Over 60
12.9
19.1
19.8
28.9
19.3
7.9
18.8
20.1
28.8
24.4
4.9
16.3
21.7
27.5
29.7
Occupation Agriculture
Other
49.0
51.0
74.0
26.0
61.0
39.0
Family type One person
One generation
Two generation
Three or more generations
14.7
31.0
38.8
15.5
15.4
33.5
35.0
16.1
15.8
36.9
32.9
14.4
Demographic Profile of the Participants (in %; N=1,870)
12. 12 indicators of joint-decision in 3 clusters
Agricultural work variables:
1. Buying and selling land and house
2. Selling farm products
3. Money management
Family life variables:
4. Household expenses
5. Choosing TV channels
6. Managing children’s education
7. Caring for children
8. Deciding on donations
9. Associating with relatives
Domestic work variables:
10. Cooking and dishwashing
11. Laundry
12. Cleaning house
Scale:
1=fully husband
2=generally husband
3=together
4=generally wife
5=fully wife
18. Summary
1. Following the process of modernization, a trend toward
greater joint decision-making is occurring for rural couples.
2. Although increasingly made jointly, agricultural decisions
are generally by husbands.
3. Farm couples are moving toward more joint agricultural and
family life decisions.
4. Farm and nonfarm couples’ domestic work decisions
continue to be made jointly.
19. 1. Enhancing women’s power in joint decision can benefit the
economic and social well-being of rural families.
2. Rural women’s participation in joint decision-making may empower
them by improving their legal and economic status.
3. Educational programs for women and husbands may be necessary
as family farming evolves. These programs could assist rural
couples to share decision-making power in agriculture, family life,
and domestic work.
4. Empowering rural women economically and politically will transform
them from playing invisible, subordinate roles to leadership and
active community members.
5. Rural women will be positioned to use their untapped abilities for
local development to benefit their families and communities.
Implications
20. References
Anthopoulou, T. 2010. “Rural women in local agrofood production: between entrepreneurial initiatives
and family strategies: a case study in Greece.” Journal of Rural Studies 26: 394-403.
Bokemeier, J. & L. Garkovich. 1987. “Assessing the influence of farm women’s self-identity on task
allocation and decision making.” Rural Sociology 52(1): 13-36.
Choi, K. 2001. “Sex-role attitude, conjugal status level and status satisfaction of married women living
in Korean rural area.” Journal of Korean Home Management Association 19(3): 53-72.
Damisa, M. & M. Yohanna. 2007. “Role of rural women in farm management decision making process:
ordered Probit analysis.” World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3(4): 543-546.
Deseran, F. & N. Simpkins. 1991. “Women’s off-farm work and gender stratification.” Journal of Rural
Studies 7(1-2): 91-97.
Kamo, Y. 1988. “Determinants of household division of labor: resources, power, and ideology.” Journal
of Family Issues 9(2): 177-200.
Kang, H. 2008. “Factors affect women farmers’ economic activities.” Journal of Rural Development
31(4): 69-81
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). 2009. Statistics on Women Farmers. Seoul, Korea.