An experiment to find what changes in rigging do to catch and finish angles in scull and sweep. Get spreadsheet from http://www.rowperfect.co.uk/?p=12436
Rowing Rigging practical: Angle changes due to span & inboardRebecca Caroe
An experiment to find what changes in rigging do to catch and finish angles in scull and sweep. Get spreadsheet from http://www.rowperfect.co.uk/?p=12436
El documento presenta el concepto y diseño de una fragata propuesta llamada F-111 Diligente para sustituir a las fragatas clase Santa María de la Armada Española en el siglo XXI. La Diligente sería una fragata multifunción diseñada para operaciones en aguas litorales con bajos costes, gran autonomía, capacidad para usar drones, y detectabilidad reducida. El documento describe los sistemas de armas, electrónicos y otras características clave de la plataforma naval propuesta.
This chapter introduces key concepts in hull geometry needed for naval architecture. It discusses how a ship's complicated 3D hull shape is represented graphically through lines drawings, including body, half-breadth, and sheer plans. The chapter also covers how lines plans are converted into numerical tables of offsets and defines important hull geometry terms like length between perpendiculars, block and prismatic coefficients, and rise of floor. Mastering the representation and terminology of hull geometry forms a crucial foundation for further naval architecture studies.
THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A BALL BEARING BY FINITE ELEMENT METHODIAEME Publication
High cutting speeds and feeds are essential requirements of a machine tool structure to accomplish its basic function which is to produce a work piece of the required geometric form with an acceptable surface finish at as high a rate of production as is economically possible. Since bearings in high speed spindle units are the main source of heat generation. Friction in bearings causes an increase of the temperature inside the bearing. If the heat produced cannot be adequately removed from the bearing, the temperature might exceed a certain limit, and as a result the bearing would fail. To analyse the heat flow in a bearing system, a typical ball bearing and its environment has been modelled and analysed using the finite element method. The maximum temperature in the bearing has been calculated as a function of heat generation with the rotational speed as a parameter. The goal of this analysis is to see how fast the temperature changes in the bearing system with respect to rotational speeds. In this thesis, at high speed range, a steady state thermal-stress simulation is performed by using FEA method to investigate temperature distribution of the bearing and the result shows that the temperature increases gradually with increase in rotational speed and it is validated by analytical formulation done. Further the increase of rotation speed the inner ring centrifugal displacement increases which causes larger contact deformation and stress. The dynamic stiffness of the variable preload bearing is analysed analytically and it is found that the radial stiffness decreases with increase in rotational speeds.
Launching is one of the most important activities in a shipyard. Its critical to safely launch the vessel as unsafe launching may lead to unsolicited damage to the ship's hull. This presnetation describes various methods used by shipyards to launch a ship once it's ready.
This document discusses DNV Marine Operations' rules for subsea lifting. It provides an overview of relevant DNV publications and describes the capacity checks outlined in the 1996 rules for lifting operations. The document then introduces a new simplified method for calculating hydrodynamic forces during subsea lifts, which will be included in an upcoming DNV recommended practice. This method makes simplifying assumptions and provides equations to estimate forces like slamming impacts and varying buoyancy in a conservative manner.
The shell plating forms the watertight skin of the ship and contributes to its longitudinal strength and resistance to vertical shear forces. It consists of curved and flat steel plates butt welded together. Stiffening members are welded to the shell plating. Bottom and side shell plating is thickest amidships, where bending stresses are highest, and tapers toward the ends. The sheer strake along the main deck has greater thickness than other side shell strakes. Bilge keels help dampen rolling motion without adding drag. Weather decks are cambered to drain water, while internal decks may be horizontal. Deck plating thickness is also greatest amidships.
Rowing Rigging practical: Angle changes due to span & inboardRebecca Caroe
An experiment to find what changes in rigging do to catch and finish angles in scull and sweep. Get spreadsheet from http://www.rowperfect.co.uk/?p=12436
El documento presenta el concepto y diseño de una fragata propuesta llamada F-111 Diligente para sustituir a las fragatas clase Santa María de la Armada Española en el siglo XXI. La Diligente sería una fragata multifunción diseñada para operaciones en aguas litorales con bajos costes, gran autonomía, capacidad para usar drones, y detectabilidad reducida. El documento describe los sistemas de armas, electrónicos y otras características clave de la plataforma naval propuesta.
This chapter introduces key concepts in hull geometry needed for naval architecture. It discusses how a ship's complicated 3D hull shape is represented graphically through lines drawings, including body, half-breadth, and sheer plans. The chapter also covers how lines plans are converted into numerical tables of offsets and defines important hull geometry terms like length between perpendiculars, block and prismatic coefficients, and rise of floor. Mastering the representation and terminology of hull geometry forms a crucial foundation for further naval architecture studies.
THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A BALL BEARING BY FINITE ELEMENT METHODIAEME Publication
High cutting speeds and feeds are essential requirements of a machine tool structure to accomplish its basic function which is to produce a work piece of the required geometric form with an acceptable surface finish at as high a rate of production as is economically possible. Since bearings in high speed spindle units are the main source of heat generation. Friction in bearings causes an increase of the temperature inside the bearing. If the heat produced cannot be adequately removed from the bearing, the temperature might exceed a certain limit, and as a result the bearing would fail. To analyse the heat flow in a bearing system, a typical ball bearing and its environment has been modelled and analysed using the finite element method. The maximum temperature in the bearing has been calculated as a function of heat generation with the rotational speed as a parameter. The goal of this analysis is to see how fast the temperature changes in the bearing system with respect to rotational speeds. In this thesis, at high speed range, a steady state thermal-stress simulation is performed by using FEA method to investigate temperature distribution of the bearing and the result shows that the temperature increases gradually with increase in rotational speed and it is validated by analytical formulation done. Further the increase of rotation speed the inner ring centrifugal displacement increases which causes larger contact deformation and stress. The dynamic stiffness of the variable preload bearing is analysed analytically and it is found that the radial stiffness decreases with increase in rotational speeds.
Launching is one of the most important activities in a shipyard. Its critical to safely launch the vessel as unsafe launching may lead to unsolicited damage to the ship's hull. This presnetation describes various methods used by shipyards to launch a ship once it's ready.
This document discusses DNV Marine Operations' rules for subsea lifting. It provides an overview of relevant DNV publications and describes the capacity checks outlined in the 1996 rules for lifting operations. The document then introduces a new simplified method for calculating hydrodynamic forces during subsea lifts, which will be included in an upcoming DNV recommended practice. This method makes simplifying assumptions and provides equations to estimate forces like slamming impacts and varying buoyancy in a conservative manner.
The shell plating forms the watertight skin of the ship and contributes to its longitudinal strength and resistance to vertical shear forces. It consists of curved and flat steel plates butt welded together. Stiffening members are welded to the shell plating. Bottom and side shell plating is thickest amidships, where bending stresses are highest, and tapers toward the ends. The sheer strake along the main deck has greater thickness than other side shell strakes. Bilge keels help dampen rolling motion without adding drag. Weather decks are cambered to drain water, while internal decks may be horizontal. Deck plating thickness is also greatest amidships.
This document discusses the modelling, control, and navigation of an autonomous quadrotor UAV. It presents the objectives of developing a mathematical model of the quadrotor and studying PID control methods. The methodology section outlines parameter identification, mathematical modelling, and simulation of PID controllers in Matlab. The results show the quadrotor parameters, translational and attitude PID controller performance over 5 waypoints, with position errors generally below 2%. The document concludes that PID control is suitable for stable autonomous quadrotor flight.
Rowing: London Tideway River Thames navigation & steering for coxswainsRebecca Caroe
Stephen Aitken's advice on how to steer the river Thames in London in a rowing boat. Includes crossing points, coxing advice, how to manoeuvre obstacles.
Based on the Auriol Kensington Rowing Club self-teach training
The document outlines the U.S. military structure and chain of command. It begins with the Constitution giving Congress power over the military and the President as Commander-in-Chief. It then details the roles of key officials like the Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, service secretaries, and commanders. It also covers the missions and organization of the different military branches and how naval fleets, units, and shore establishments are structured and work together to defend the nation.
About class 4,2,1 syllabus and PASSING CRITERIA studying
CHANNEL NAME :-CADET SUNDEEP
CAHNNEL URL:-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU-47-VUypSnR4-TUyitk1A?view_as=subscriber
FRIENDS THIS PPT EXPLAINS YOU ABOUT THE SYLLABUS AND PASSING CRITERIA FOR MEO CLASS 4,2,1 EXAMS
This document provides design details for an oil tanker ship with the following key specifications:
- Ship Type: Oil Tanker with capacity of 2900 tonnes
- Route: Between Chittagong and Dhaka in Bangladesh
- Speed: 10 knots
It includes principal particulars, general arrangement drawings, lines plans, hydrostatic calculations and curves, resistance and power calculations, engine and gearbox selection, and designs for the rudder, steering arrangement, and other systems. The document compares the updated design specifications to previous specifications.
This document provides design details for an oil tanker ship with the following specifications:
- Ship Type: Oil Tanker
- DWT: 2900 tonnes
- Route: Chittagong to Dhaka
- Speed: 10 knots
It includes the principal particulars, general arrangement, lines plan, offset table, and designs for the rudder, steering gear, resistance and power calculations, engine and gearbox selection, engine foundation, propeller shaft, and propeller. The summaries provide key technical specifications and selections for the main ship components to meet the design objectives.
Este documento describe los parámetros de escantillonado y la estructura del casco de un remolcador. Define las dimensiones clave como la eslora, manga, puntal mínimo y calado. Explica que la estructura es transversal, con cuadernas y varengas como elementos principales. Calcula los espesores mínimos requeridos para elementos estructurales como la quilla, roda y codaste según las fórmulas del reglamento. También describe la disposición general de la estructura en el fondo, costados y cubierta.
AIRBUS A320 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS AIRPORT AND MAINTENANCE PLANNING ACNat Rice
This document provides a summary of revisions made in Revision No. 31 dated May 01/16 of the Airbus A320 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning document. Key changes include updates to interior arrangement diagrams, terminal operations times, hydraulic and ground service connection diagrams, landing gear footprint diagrams, maximum pavement load data, and tire pressure updates. Figures and data were revised for several sections including cargo compartments, doors, escape slides, ground towing requirements, and runway length calculations.
1. Shapes used to identify vessels must meet certain size requirements and be black in color, including balls at least 0.6m in diameter, cones with 0.6m base diameters, and cylinders with 0.6m diameters and heights twice the diameter.
2. The vertical distance between shapes on a vessel must be at least 1.5m, though smaller shapes and distances are allowed on smaller vessels.
3. Various shapes indicate a vessel's status or activities, such as cones pointing up or down for sailing vessels, balls or diamonds for vessels not under command or restricted in maneuvering, and balls for vessels aground.
This document summarizes key aspects of rudder theory and design. It discusses how rudders generate force through pressure differences on each side, and how this force has both lift and drag components. It describes different types of rudders based on the position of the center of effort relative to the axis of rotation, including balanced, semi-balanced, and unbalanced rudders. It also discusses rudder construction materials, pintle bearings, and considerations for rudder stock sizing based on the type of rudder.
Este documento presenta información sobre la estructura y partes de un buque. Explica términos como proa, popa, obra viva, obra muerta y describe partes importantes como la quilla, roda y codaste. El objetivo es que los cadetes aprendan correctamente la nomenclatura y terminología marinera de los buques de la Armada de México.
Traffic separation schemes (TSS) are regulated by the IMO to control ship traffic in busy waterways. A TSS consists of lanes indicating the direction of travel, separation zones between lanes, and inshore traffic zones. Ships must sail in the direction of the lanes and avoid the separation zones as much as possible. The objectives of a TSS are to reduce head-on encounters and manage crossing situations while providing safe routes for ships.
This document discusses the effects of shallow and restricted water on ships, including increased sinkage, trim, and resistance. It describes how squat, the combined sinkage and trim effect, increases sharply with ship speed. Empirical formulas are provided to estimate squat in canals and unrestricted shallow water. The changes to wave patterns and resistance at various ship speeds relative to the critical wave speed are also summarized.
Warships are modernized weapons used by navies for tasks like naval exercises, border security, and reconnaissance. There are several main types of warships including destroyers, frigates, corvettes, submarines, aircraft carriers, and cruisers. Each type has distinct characteristics and purposes such as destroyers escorting larger vessels and defending against smaller attackers, while submarines can operate independently underwater.
ARPA, or Automatic Radar Plotting Aid, is sophisticated navigation equipment found on most ocean-going vessels that combines radar display with computer tracking. It tracks radar contacts, calculating their course, speed, closest point of approach, and time to collision to assess collision risk. ARPA computes this information and displays it along with the radar to aid navigators, especially in busy or low-visibility areas. It allows for automatic and manual target acquisition and tracking, and prediction of target motion through vectors or graphical displays.
Este documento presenta un resumen de las principales reglas del Reglamento Internacional para Prevenir los Abordajes en la Mar (RIPAM). Establece las definiciones generales de los tipos de buques, las reglas de rumbo y gobierno, las condiciones de visibilidad reducida, las luces y señales requeridas, y las preferencias de paso entre diferentes tipos de buques. El objetivo es prevenir colisiones en el mar mediante el establecimiento de normas claras sobre la navegación segura y las maniobras de los buques.
Unidad teorica 6 . reglamento internacional prevenir abordajes en la mar (ripa)anclademia
Este documento presenta el Reglamento Internacional para Prevenir Abordajes. Define términos clave, establece reglas sobre el rumbo y gobierno de los buques, luces y marcas, señales acústicas y luminosas, y señales de peligro. Las reglas buscan prevenir abordajes en cualquier condición de visibilidad y categoría de buque.
Stability Standards and Testing of Commercial Vessels on Inland Waters (ISS)NASBLA
The new Inland Stability Standard that the Westlawn Institute of Marine Technology is developing for NASBLA is discussed and also the cost-effective training program being developed to equip state law-enforcement personnel to inspect and approve such vessels' stability as either safe for operation or unsafe and not approved. Implementation of ISS and the associated training program will serve to close this gap in safety standards, provide firm guidance for state regulators to enhance public safety.
COMMON ROWING INJURIES
Prevention and Treatment
Jo A. Hannafin, MD, PhD Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Cornell University Medical College Team Physician, US Rowing FISA Medical Commission
The document discusses simplifying rigging for junior rowing coaches. It explains that the three most important factors for rigging are oar/oarlock pitch, oarlock height, and heel height. While span and spread measurements vary slightly between boat types, getting these three factors right is key. Adjusting outboard rather than span has more impact on loading. Higher gearing ratios provide more power but smaller stroke length, while lower ratios allow for longer strokes. Body positioning must also be considered in relation to rigging settings.
This document discusses the modelling, control, and navigation of an autonomous quadrotor UAV. It presents the objectives of developing a mathematical model of the quadrotor and studying PID control methods. The methodology section outlines parameter identification, mathematical modelling, and simulation of PID controllers in Matlab. The results show the quadrotor parameters, translational and attitude PID controller performance over 5 waypoints, with position errors generally below 2%. The document concludes that PID control is suitable for stable autonomous quadrotor flight.
Rowing: London Tideway River Thames navigation & steering for coxswainsRebecca Caroe
Stephen Aitken's advice on how to steer the river Thames in London in a rowing boat. Includes crossing points, coxing advice, how to manoeuvre obstacles.
Based on the Auriol Kensington Rowing Club self-teach training
The document outlines the U.S. military structure and chain of command. It begins with the Constitution giving Congress power over the military and the President as Commander-in-Chief. It then details the roles of key officials like the Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, service secretaries, and commanders. It also covers the missions and organization of the different military branches and how naval fleets, units, and shore establishments are structured and work together to defend the nation.
About class 4,2,1 syllabus and PASSING CRITERIA studying
CHANNEL NAME :-CADET SUNDEEP
CAHNNEL URL:-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU-47-VUypSnR4-TUyitk1A?view_as=subscriber
FRIENDS THIS PPT EXPLAINS YOU ABOUT THE SYLLABUS AND PASSING CRITERIA FOR MEO CLASS 4,2,1 EXAMS
This document provides design details for an oil tanker ship with the following key specifications:
- Ship Type: Oil Tanker with capacity of 2900 tonnes
- Route: Between Chittagong and Dhaka in Bangladesh
- Speed: 10 knots
It includes principal particulars, general arrangement drawings, lines plans, hydrostatic calculations and curves, resistance and power calculations, engine and gearbox selection, and designs for the rudder, steering arrangement, and other systems. The document compares the updated design specifications to previous specifications.
This document provides design details for an oil tanker ship with the following specifications:
- Ship Type: Oil Tanker
- DWT: 2900 tonnes
- Route: Chittagong to Dhaka
- Speed: 10 knots
It includes the principal particulars, general arrangement, lines plan, offset table, and designs for the rudder, steering gear, resistance and power calculations, engine and gearbox selection, engine foundation, propeller shaft, and propeller. The summaries provide key technical specifications and selections for the main ship components to meet the design objectives.
Este documento describe los parámetros de escantillonado y la estructura del casco de un remolcador. Define las dimensiones clave como la eslora, manga, puntal mínimo y calado. Explica que la estructura es transversal, con cuadernas y varengas como elementos principales. Calcula los espesores mínimos requeridos para elementos estructurales como la quilla, roda y codaste según las fórmulas del reglamento. También describe la disposición general de la estructura en el fondo, costados y cubierta.
AIRBUS A320 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS AIRPORT AND MAINTENANCE PLANNING ACNat Rice
This document provides a summary of revisions made in Revision No. 31 dated May 01/16 of the Airbus A320 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning document. Key changes include updates to interior arrangement diagrams, terminal operations times, hydraulic and ground service connection diagrams, landing gear footprint diagrams, maximum pavement load data, and tire pressure updates. Figures and data were revised for several sections including cargo compartments, doors, escape slides, ground towing requirements, and runway length calculations.
1. Shapes used to identify vessels must meet certain size requirements and be black in color, including balls at least 0.6m in diameter, cones with 0.6m base diameters, and cylinders with 0.6m diameters and heights twice the diameter.
2. The vertical distance between shapes on a vessel must be at least 1.5m, though smaller shapes and distances are allowed on smaller vessels.
3. Various shapes indicate a vessel's status or activities, such as cones pointing up or down for sailing vessels, balls or diamonds for vessels not under command or restricted in maneuvering, and balls for vessels aground.
This document summarizes key aspects of rudder theory and design. It discusses how rudders generate force through pressure differences on each side, and how this force has both lift and drag components. It describes different types of rudders based on the position of the center of effort relative to the axis of rotation, including balanced, semi-balanced, and unbalanced rudders. It also discusses rudder construction materials, pintle bearings, and considerations for rudder stock sizing based on the type of rudder.
Este documento presenta información sobre la estructura y partes de un buque. Explica términos como proa, popa, obra viva, obra muerta y describe partes importantes como la quilla, roda y codaste. El objetivo es que los cadetes aprendan correctamente la nomenclatura y terminología marinera de los buques de la Armada de México.
Traffic separation schemes (TSS) are regulated by the IMO to control ship traffic in busy waterways. A TSS consists of lanes indicating the direction of travel, separation zones between lanes, and inshore traffic zones. Ships must sail in the direction of the lanes and avoid the separation zones as much as possible. The objectives of a TSS are to reduce head-on encounters and manage crossing situations while providing safe routes for ships.
This document discusses the effects of shallow and restricted water on ships, including increased sinkage, trim, and resistance. It describes how squat, the combined sinkage and trim effect, increases sharply with ship speed. Empirical formulas are provided to estimate squat in canals and unrestricted shallow water. The changes to wave patterns and resistance at various ship speeds relative to the critical wave speed are also summarized.
Warships are modernized weapons used by navies for tasks like naval exercises, border security, and reconnaissance. There are several main types of warships including destroyers, frigates, corvettes, submarines, aircraft carriers, and cruisers. Each type has distinct characteristics and purposes such as destroyers escorting larger vessels and defending against smaller attackers, while submarines can operate independently underwater.
ARPA, or Automatic Radar Plotting Aid, is sophisticated navigation equipment found on most ocean-going vessels that combines radar display with computer tracking. It tracks radar contacts, calculating their course, speed, closest point of approach, and time to collision to assess collision risk. ARPA computes this information and displays it along with the radar to aid navigators, especially in busy or low-visibility areas. It allows for automatic and manual target acquisition and tracking, and prediction of target motion through vectors or graphical displays.
Este documento presenta un resumen de las principales reglas del Reglamento Internacional para Prevenir los Abordajes en la Mar (RIPAM). Establece las definiciones generales de los tipos de buques, las reglas de rumbo y gobierno, las condiciones de visibilidad reducida, las luces y señales requeridas, y las preferencias de paso entre diferentes tipos de buques. El objetivo es prevenir colisiones en el mar mediante el establecimiento de normas claras sobre la navegación segura y las maniobras de los buques.
Unidad teorica 6 . reglamento internacional prevenir abordajes en la mar (ripa)anclademia
Este documento presenta el Reglamento Internacional para Prevenir Abordajes. Define términos clave, establece reglas sobre el rumbo y gobierno de los buques, luces y marcas, señales acústicas y luminosas, y señales de peligro. Las reglas buscan prevenir abordajes en cualquier condición de visibilidad y categoría de buque.
Stability Standards and Testing of Commercial Vessels on Inland Waters (ISS)NASBLA
The new Inland Stability Standard that the Westlawn Institute of Marine Technology is developing for NASBLA is discussed and also the cost-effective training program being developed to equip state law-enforcement personnel to inspect and approve such vessels' stability as either safe for operation or unsafe and not approved. Implementation of ISS and the associated training program will serve to close this gap in safety standards, provide firm guidance for state regulators to enhance public safety.
COMMON ROWING INJURIES
Prevention and Treatment
Jo A. Hannafin, MD, PhD Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Cornell University Medical College Team Physician, US Rowing FISA Medical Commission
The document discusses simplifying rigging for junior rowing coaches. It explains that the three most important factors for rigging are oar/oarlock pitch, oarlock height, and heel height. While span and spread measurements vary slightly between boat types, getting these three factors right is key. Adjusting outboard rather than span has more impact on loading. Higher gearing ratios provide more power but smaller stroke length, while lower ratios allow for longer strokes. Body positioning must also be considered in relation to rigging settings.
Over the past 150 years of competitive rowing:
- Winning times have decreased by around 25-30%, with the average velocity of boats increasing.
- Physical dimensions of elite rowers have increased, with current average heights around 197cm compared to 173-180cm in the late 19th century.
- Aerobic capacity of elite rowers has also increased significantly, from an estimated maximum of around 5 liters/minute in the 1920s to over 7 liters/minute currently.
- Training methods and volumes have advanced enormously over the decades, with current elite rowers training over 30 hours per week compared to 1-2 hours in the 1860s.
- Improved boat design, equipment, training and
how can biomechanics / technology help Canadian rowing?Keane Wheeler
Rowing Canada has improved its Olympic and Paralympic performances since 2004. Biomechanics research has examined rowing techniques and how to optimize boat design and crew synchronization. This research emphasizes consistent and smooth rowing strokes, coordinated muscle groups, and providing instant feedback to rowers using video and force data analysis.
This document discusses terms and methods for calculating working load limits (WLL) for rigging components. It explains that the WLL is based on the ultimate load and design factor, and may also include efficiency factors. An example is provided to demonstrate calculating the WLL for a wire rope sling terminated with clips and used in a "basket" configuration over a pipe. The steps are to determine the cable breaking strength, termination efficiency, efficiency due to pipe diameter, strength change from configuration, and then apply the user's design factor of 10:1.
Tesco remained the leading UK supermarket with 28.6% market share, though down from the previous year, while the other "big four" supermarkets like Asda, Sainsbury's, and Morrisons all saw declines; discount stores Aldi and Waitrose grew their shares to 4.6% and 5% respectively in the 12 weeks ending March 30, 2014.
This document defines and describes price fixing according to EU competition law. [1] Price fixing is an illegal agreement between market participants to sell a product at a fixed price in order to control supply and demand. [2] Both horizontal agreements between competitors and vertical agreements between companies and distributors can constitute price fixing. [3] The EU has fined many companies for engaging in illegal price fixing agreements over the years.
Government Investigations and Enforcement ActionsPolsinelli PC
The fifth webinar presentation in the M&A Litigation Series examines compliance pitfalls associated with M&A transactions. We will discuss how to evaluate antitrust risks of a transaction. We also will address compliance concerns – such as antitrust, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the False Claims Act, and export control issues – that could significantly impact the scope, duration, and magnitude of necessary due diligence. Finally, we will address post-merger considerations that could decrease the severity of a compliance concern if one were to arise after a merger or acquisition has been completed.
On our agenda:
-Pre-transaction – evaluating the transaction itself from an antitrust perspective
-Pre-closing – managing client conduct and the risk of “gun jumping”
-Due Diligence – what to look for
-Post-merger considerations for fostering and perpetuating a “Culture of Compliance”
-Managing compliance concerns that are discovered post-closing
This document provides information on the role of dietitians working for supermarkets. It discusses how retail dietitians can help customers shop and eat healthier through activities like in-store nutrition demos and tours, social media posts, and developing successful nutrition programs. The document also presents examples of the daily responsibilities of a supermarket dietitian and the skills needed for the job, including marketing, public relations, and culinary expertise. It emphasizes that supermarkets are uniquely positioned to educate millions of customers daily on nutrition.
Business collusion is a secret agreement between two or more firms to artificially increase or decrease prices to be more profitable. It works by firms rigging market prices through price fixing or price wars. Examples include oil companies in South Africa setting diesel prices too high, banks rigging LIBOR interest rates, and electronics companies in South Korea conspiring to fix appliance prices. Firms are motivated by greed for money and wealth. Collusion regularly harms consumers through reduced quality, higher prices, and damage to consumer welfare. Governments can enforce anti-collusion laws, monitor procurement processes, and increase competition to prevent collusion.
The document provides business customs for doing business in three different countries - Canada, Italy, and Russia. For Canada, it recommends choosing classic, quality clothing and maintaining a reserved demeanor. In Italy, it emphasizes developing personal relationships through face-to-face meetings and making a good first impression. For Russia, it notes the importance of handshakes, ineffectiveness of phone calls for business, and appearing formal and conservative.
This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of kirana stores and supermarkets from the perspectives of customers and owners. [1] Kirana stores are small, independently owned retail stores that offer daily necessities and provide services like home delivery and credit. [2] Supermarkets are larger self-service stores that offer a wide variety of food and household items organized into departments. [3] Both kirana stores and supermarkets play important but different roles in retail and can coexist by capitalizing on their unique strengths to serve customers.
The Competition Act of 2002 establishes a Competition Commission of India to prevent anti-competitive practices, promote competition, protect consumer interests, and ensure freedom of trade. It defines key terms like acquisition, agreement, cartel, enterprise, and prohibits anti-competitive agreements that limit production or supply or determine purchase/sale prices. It also prohibits abuse of dominant position by imposing unfair prices or limiting markets. Mergers and acquisitions are considered combinations if they meet certain asset or turnover thresholds for the involved enterprises.
The document discusses factors to consider when designing a supermarket layout, including store size and shape, product categories, customer flow, and merchandise display. It describes different types of store layouts like grid, loop, and free-form and techniques for merchandise presentation and ambiance design. Planograms are also discussed as visual diagrams of a store layout and product placement that provide benefits like efficient shelf usage and improved sales.
This document summarizes a British Rowing technique session led by Robin Williams. [1] It provides an overview of rowing technique concepts and key points for posture, the recovery, catch, drive, extraction and rhythm. [2] Detailed instructions are given on hand placement, leveraging the body's weight and maintaining connection between body parts. [3] Maintaining proper technique across varying stroke rates is emphasized.
This document discusses the basics of rigging, including different types of rigging materials and how to inspect them. It covers chain, synthetic, wire rope and mesh slings. Specific things to look for when inspecting each type are provided. It also discusses how sling angles affect load capacity and tension, and provides charts to determine these effects. Different types of sling hitches like vertical, bridle, basket and choker are illustrated and described. Hazard recognition for rigging operations and basic crane signals are also covered.
Presentation on The competition act(2002)satya pal
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Competition Act of 2002 in India. It discusses the objectives of eliminating anti-competitive practices and promoting fair competition. The main features covered are the prohibition of anti-competitive agreements such as cartels, abuse of dominant market positions, and regulations governing mergers and acquisitions. Enforcement is carried out by the Competition Commission of India through investigations and imposition of penalties. The act aims to protect consumer welfare and ensure fair competition in the market.
Retail pricing is an integral part of retail marketing that is the source of retailer revenue and communicates store image. Pricing considers demand, competition, policies and economic conditions. The objective is to agree with mission and policies. Retail price consists of cost of goods, expenses and mark-up percentage. Various pricing strategies can be used including cost-based, demand-based, competition-based, everyday low pricing, and odd pricing. Proper retail pricing is key to business profitability.
This document provides information on various tools used for angular measurement in engineering. It discusses simple protractors, vernier bevel protractors, sine bars, and angle gauges. The vernier bevel protractor allows measuring angles to the nearest minute using a vernier scale. It has a stock, dial, blade, and locking screws. A sine bar measures angles based on trigonometric relationships between the bar length and height of slip gauges. It requires accessories and is limited to angles above 45 degrees. Angle gauges can be combined in different configurations to measure angles from 0 to 90 degrees and minutes.
The document discusses roll pass design for continuous bar mills. It defines basic terminology like roll pass and nominal roll gap. The goal of roll pass design is to produce the desired product shape with good internal structure, surface and lowest cost. There are definite, intermediate and combination pass shapes. A deformation changes one shape to another, while a sequence produces a definite shape. Roll pass design considers the starting material, mill layout, sizes, power and production needs to determine pass details, schedules and power requirements for each pass. It also discusses basic rolling laws and formulas for shapes like squares and ovals.
Rigging a boat involves setting the oarlock height, foot height, and stretcher position to ensure crew comfort and an efficient stroke. The key factors that influence the stroke are heel height, oarlock height, and oar/oarlock pitch. Common span and spread measurements are provided for sculling and sweep rowing. While these measurements have historical precedent, all boats could theoretically use the same values. Proper rigging allows the crew to achieve the target arc length and catch/finish angles through adjustments to these factors.
Tapers are changes in diameter along an axis, expressed as taper per foot or ratio of millimeters per unit length. There are three main methods to turn tapers on a lathe: offsetting the tailstock, using a taper attachment, or adjusting the compound rest angle. A taper attachment allows quick setup changes and a wider range of tapers than offsetting the tailstock. Internal and external tapers can be machined using plug gages and adjusting the taper attachment or compound rest angle.
This document discusses different methods for taper turning on a lathe. The main methods described are using a broad nose form tool, setting over the tailstock center, swiveling the compound rest, using a taper turning attachment, and combining longitudinal and cross feeds. Each method has advantages and limitations for producing tapers of different lengths and angles. The taper turning attachment method allows for accurate taper turning of long workpieces and easy internal taper turning.
This document reports on a project to model a serial and parallel manipulator. The serial manipulator is a PPRR configuration that can trace an ellipse through a GUI. The parallel manipulator uses a 4RRR configuration with rhombus links to trace trajectories by adjusting link lengths and angles. Implementing null space control improved the parallel manipulator's ability to follow trajectories despite parameter changes. Both manipulators provided insight into applying theoretical robotic concepts to practical problems.
1) Surveying involves marking the height of contour and infrabulge on teeth to determine the path of insertion and areas for retention. Guide planes are then prepared parallel to this path to restrict movement.
2) Analysis determines if the initial survey line provides sufficient retention and whether tilting the cast is needed.
3) The final survey line is marked, selecting retentive undercuts opposing the path of displacement. Guide planes are prepared to further limit movement to a single path.
This manual discusses two methods for forming tapers on workpieces in a lathe: offsetting the tailstock and using a taper attachment. Offsetting the tailstock involves calculating the distance to offset the tailstock from the centerline and clamping the workpiece between the chuck and offset tailstock to cut a taper. The taper attachment method uses an attachment that mounts to the lathe bed and allows adjusting the angle to move the cross-slide and cut a taper as the workpiece moves along the bed. Both methods involve clamping the workpiece and adjusting settings to cut the desired taper angle on the lathe.
The APLR3 FFP IR MOA reticle has a large illuminated center with 1 MOA hash marks and drop lines in 5 MOA increments down to 40 MOA. It provides excellent visibility and accurate elevation holdovers up to 40 MOA. The unique design with droplines every 5 MOA and 1 MOA hash marks provides excellent holding positions for long precision shooting. The reticle is first focal plane, so its subtensions remain valid at all magnifications.
The APLR2 FFP IR MOA reticle has 1 MOA hash mark increments and drop lines in 5 MOA increments down to 40 MOA. It has a 2 MOA center cross and illuminated lines that extend to 40 MOA vertically and horizontally. The drop lines have smaller dots at 1 MOA increments and bigger dots at 5 MOA intervals. The illuminated design provides excellent visibility and accurate elevation holdovers up to 40 MOA. It is designed for precision mid-range shooting for both tactical and hunting applications.
This document defines and provides equations for angular distance, velocity, and acceleration. It explains that angular distance is equal to the angular path length. Angular velocity is the rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time. Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity with respect to time. Linear velocity at a point can be calculated as the sum of angular velocity times the radius of rotation and any linear velocity of the body.
This document describes a closed traverse survey conducted by a group of students. It includes an introduction to traversing, the equipment used (theodolite, tripod, leveling rods), field data collection methods, calculations of angular errors, distances, azimuths, latitudes and departures, and station coordinates. The group adjusted their results based on the Compass Rule correction and achieved an accuracy of 1:1088 for the closed traverse. They discussed lessons learned from conducting the fieldwork.
Gears are important machine elements used for power transmission between rotating shafts. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Gears are precisely measured and inspected to evaluate factors such as pitch errors, runout, profile accuracy, and tooth thickness. Common inspection methods include using vernier calipers, comparators, and optical projection to analyze gear geometry and performance. Proper inspection is important for ensuring gears effectively transmit torque between components.
The document provides tips for properly fitting a bicycle helmet and bike. It recommends that the helmet fit closely to the head while still being comfortable, with the straps adjusted snugly under the ears and chin. Bike fitting involves measuring the rider's inseam and using formulas to determine the proper frame size, saddle height, and stem and handlebar adjustments for safety and comfort.
Slip gauges are rectangular blocks of hardened steel used to measure linear dimensions precisely. They are manufactured to high tolerances through processes like hardening, grinding, and lapping. Different grades have varying accuracies. Accessories like holders and measuring jaws aid slip gauge use. Angles can be measured using a sine bar and slip gauges based on trigonometric relationships between the height of slip gauges and the sine bar's fixed roller distance. Auto-collimators also precisely measure small angles using reflected light.
Acetabular component alignment guide in total hip replacementSherif El Aidy
The document discusses factors that affect proper positioning of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty, including patient positioning, use of alignment guides, and definitions of inclination and anteversion. It finds that lateral position alignment guides indicate cup alignment based on operative definition, rather than radiographic definition, and thus are a risk factor for errors in orientation. Supine position alignment guides designed with radiographic definition do not carry the same risk of errors. Proper understanding of definitions and limitations of tools is important to minimize risk of poor component positioning.
This document discusses linear measuring devices and comparators. It describes non-precision instruments like steel rules, calipers, dividers, and telescopic gauges that measure to visible graduations. Precision instruments like micrometers, vernier calipers, and height gauges are also covered. Vernier calipers provide accuracy of 0.1 to 0.01 mm by comparing main and vernier scales. Micrometers measure external dimensions like diameters to an accuracy of 0.01 mm using a graduated barrel that moves a spindle towards an anvil. A variety of electrical devices like strain gauges and LVDTs also transform displacements into measurable parameters.
Ferreterro India Product Catalogue 2024-25 with range of Lifting And Cargo co...ferreterro1
Ferreterro India Product Catalogue 2024 with Complete Range of Lifting Slings, Cargo Control, Tie Downs, Van restraint products, Cargo Bars, Chains, Non Skid Chains, Manual Hoists, Ratchet Lever Hoists, Electric Hoist, Alloy Steel Long products, Wire Rod, Steel Strips, Shackles, D Rings, Winches, Winch Straps, Winch Bars, Ratchet Load Binder, Decking Beam, Jack type Cargo Bars, E fitting, E tracks, Rope tie offs, Crampons, Tugger Snow Shoes, Avalanche Air Bag, Elbow Pad, Boat Slings, Spark proof Slings, Ratchet Tie Down ,Composite strap, lashing strap, lashing buckles, Dunnage bags Yarn and Other Products
For a class FN2 fit between a shaft and hole with a nominal diameter of 1 inch:
Shaft diameter: 1.0002 - 1.0004 inches
Hole diameter: 0.9998 - 1.0000 inches
The shaft must be larger than nominal to create an interference fit inside the hole. The tight tolerances ensure a press fit.
This document provides information on various measurement instruments used in a mechanical engineering lab. It discusses the use of vernier calipers, micrometers, vernier height gauges, combination sets, bevel protractors, sine bars, and clinometers. The document contains detailed procedures for measuring linear dimensions, angles, depths, and other parameters using these instruments. It also includes diagrams of the instruments and sample observation tables.
Similar to Rowing Rigging practical: Angle changes due to span & inboard (20)
The Solution to Rowing Club Membership fallingrowperfect
presented by Royal Chester RC to the British Rowing Conference 2013 explaining how the club was able to overcome falling enrolments and become financially viable again.
RowingChat with Kirsten Barnes - Kirsten's slidesrowperfect
Kirsten Barnes, an Olympian rower and sports pyschologist/ mental performance consultant, joined us on our podcast RowingChat (https://soundcloud.com/rowperfect) to talk about the mental toughness needed to perform in a sport like rowing. Here are her slides on the topic. Listen to her chat at https://soundcloud.com/rowperfect/rowingchat-with-kirsten-barnes for more!
Rowingchat Scott Frandsen october 2013 slideshare slidesrowperfect
For more on RowingChat and what these slides pertain to visit www.rowperfect.co.uk/rowingchat or listen to them on your platform of choice at www.rowperfect.co.uk/rowingchat/rowingchat-on-demand/.
Rowing: London Tideway River Thames navigation & steering for coxswainsrowperfect
Stephen Aitken's advice on how to steer the river Thames in London in a rowing boat. Includes crossing points, coxing advice, how to manoeuvre obstacles.
Based on the Auriol Kensington Rowing Club self-teach training
Rowperfect force curves for British rowing techniquerowperfect
What are rowing force curves and how to use them to improve athletes skills and develop fast boats. We show force curves from Rowperfect and exercises and drills to improve.
Rowing ergometers as an aide to on-water training pros and consrowperfect
Ivan Hooper from Australian Institute of Sport gave this presentation about the advantages and disadvantages of training on ergos. They don't replicate the water well, sliders and variable K drag factors and ratings don't match water boat rates.
Efficient Rowing Boat Movement with Jimmy Joyrowperfect
Rowing with Flow is the ultimate objective of all athletes. Jimmy Joy is the world expert in how to coach mindfulness with rowing technique.
Learn different techniques and tips from Jimmy about how to push your boat further and move with it for flow. He teaches both what TO DO and what NOT TO DO with helpful diagrams and examples.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
RowingChat questions for Robin Williams Rowing Coachrowperfect
Olympic gold medal winning coach, Robin Williams answers our questions about how to teach rowing and sculling; how to develop athletes and build a successful racing club. RowingChat is hosted by Rowperfect.co.uk and past episodes are on Sound Cloud for download.
Rowing technique involves a power phase and recovery phase that must be combined successfully. The power phase begins with connecting the feet and back to the blade as it enters the water. A leg drive then accelerates the boat while maintaining pressure on the back and lateral muscles. During maximum leg acceleration, the arms begin to draw the handle toward the body. The recovery phase extracts the blade cleanly and prepares the body for the next stroke with straight but relaxed arms. Maintaining balance and control throughout is key to effective technique.
About this DVD (Harry Mahon Presentation)rowperfect
This document summarizes a DVD containing a presentation given by renowned rowing coach Harry Mahon at the 1994 ARA Senior Rowing Conference. After Harry's death, the video was digitized and made available for sale, with profits being donated to the Harry Mahon Cancer Research Trust established in his honor. The DVD captures Mahon sharing his coaching philosophies, though the audio and video quality is not high definition due to being converted from an original VHF tape.
Poland vs Netherlands UEFA Euro 2024 Poland Battles Injuries Without Lewandow...Eticketing.co
UEFA Euro 2024 fans worldwide can book Poland vs Netherlands Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Olympic 2024 Key Players and Teams to Watch in Men's and Women's Football at ...Eticketing.co
Olympic 2024 fans worldwide can book Olympic Football Tickets from our online platforms e-ticketing. co. Fans can book Olympic Tickets on our website at discounted prices. Experience the thrill of the Games in Paris and support your favorites athletes as they compete for glory.
Euro 2024 Belgium's Rebirth the New Generation Match the Golden Era.docxEticketing.co
The Golden Group is over. Can a new group step up? Two years ago, Kevin De Bruyne plunged Belgium’s Euro 2024 plans into disorder when he claimed the team was “too old” to win in an interview with The Protector. That Belgian squad had 10 players over 30 and the maximum average age of any Euro Cup 2024 team at the competition. A group-stage exit and just one goal at the World Cup put Belgium on course for a restructure.
We offer Euro Cup Tickets to admirers who can get Belgium vs Romania Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing.co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
Belgium vs Romania Tickets | Euro Cup Tickets | Euro Cup Final Tickets
Coach Domenico Tedesco has managed a tactical shakeup and a regular exit for some of the oldest players. Experienced bests remain, not least the 37-year-old Jan Vertonghen in defense, the 32-year-old De Bruyne himself in midfield, and 31-year-old Romelu Lukaku up visible.
Still, younger actors like De Bruyne’s Manchester City partner Jeremy Doku bring fresh vitality to the team. Euro Cup Germany Qualifying unbeaten with just four goals allowed from eight games was a welcome sign of accomplishment back on track under Tedesco.
The only other squad in Group E besides Belgium to UEFA Euro 2024 qualify unbeaten, Romania was awestruck by winning a group that also checked Switzerland and Israel. Still, Euro 2024 will test a squad sorely lacking in top-level skill.
Euro 2024: Belgium's Transition from Golden Generation to New Hope
Tottenham guardian Vlad Dragusin is the only Euro Cup 2024 squad member singing regularly for one of Europe’s top clubs this flavor. He even played only nine Premier League games since adoption in January. Goalkeeper Horatiu Moldovan is a stoppage at Atletico Madrid.
There’s a link to the beauty days of Romanian soccer with midfielder Ianis Hagi, son of Gheorghe Hagi, who assisted the team to the rounds of the 1994 World Cup and Euro 2000.
We are only a combine of days away from the UEFA Euro 2024 curtain raiser. The 24 squads are winding up their provisions and getting ready to give it their all to life the wanted Euro Cup Final trophy on July 14. Spread across six clusters, the first hurdle in the knockout phase will be the plump of 16.
Euro fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform, www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Germany and Scotland will take things off before we get into overdrive in two weeks. Meanwhile, Belgium will be longing to bounce back after a horrendous 2022 FIFA World Cup movement, which ended in the group stage.
Belgium vs Romania Tickets | Euro Cup 2024 Tickets | Euro Cup Tickets | Euro Cup Final Tickets
Roberto Martinez completed the way for Domenico Tedesco, who has overseen a compact start to his tenure. The 38-year-old will be assured heading into the group stage
According to the report, the consumption of video content related to IPL 2024 has seen significant growth, nearly 3 times more than the previous season, reflecting an increasing interest of fans.
Georgia vs Portugal Euro Cup 2024 Clash Unites a Nation Amid Turmoil.pdfEticketing.co
Euro 2024 fans worldwide can book Georgia vs Portugal Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Georgia vs Portugal Georgia UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Khvicha Kvaratskhelia Leads ...Eticketing.co
UEFA Euro 2024 fans worldwide can book Georgia vs Portugal Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Euro Cup Group E Preview, Team Strategies, Key Players, and Tactical Insights...Eticketing.co
We offer Euro Cup Tickets to admirers who can get Belgium vs Romania Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing.co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
Here are our Euro 2024 predictions for the group stages
Will England make it through the group stages?, Will Germany use the home advantage to full effect?
Follow our progress, see how many we get right
If you want to join in let us know before the first game kick off and we can invite you to our private league
or join in with our friends at DeeperThanBlue
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7204868572995538944-qejG
https://www.selectdistinct.co.uk/2024/06/13/euro-2024-match-predictions/
#EURO2024 #Germany2024 #England #EURO2024predictions
Paris 2024 History-making Matildas team selected for Olympic Games.pdfEticketing.co
Paris 2024 fans worldwide can book Olympic Football Tickets from our online platforms e-ticketing. co. Fans can book Olympic Tickets on our website at discounted prices. Experience the thrill of the Games in Paris and support your favourite athletes as they compete for glory.
Turkey vs Georgia Tickets: Turkey's Provisional Squad for UEFA Euro 2024, Key...Eticketing.co
Euro Cup Germany fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co.Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Psaroudakis: Family and Football – The Psaroudakis Success StoryPsaroudakis
Psaroudakis, a name that resonates with football fans around the globe, is a testament to the powerful synergy between familial support and individual passion. Born on March 10, 1992, in the historic city of Heraklion, Crete, Psaroudakis’ journey to international football stardom is a compelling narrative of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering family support. His story not only highlights his athletic prowess but also underscores the crucial role his family played in shaping his career and character.
Psaroudakis’ early life in Heraklion was deeply influenced by a supportive and nurturing family environment. His father, a former semi-professional footballer, recognized Psaroudakis’ potential from an early age. Acting as his first coach, his father’s guidance was instrumental in igniting Psaroudakis’ passion for football. This paternal influence instilled in him a strong work ethic and fundamental skills that would become the foundation of his future success. His mother, a dedicated homemaker, provided a stable and nurturing environment, ensuring that Psaroudakis could pursue his dreams without any hindrances.
From a young age, Psaroudakis showed an innate talent for football. Growing up in Heraklion, he spent countless hours playing football in local parks and streets with friends and family. His natural ability was evident even in these informal settings, and his enthusiasm for the game was infectious. By the age of five, Psaroudakis had joined a local youth football club, where his skills began to flourish. His father’s role as his first coach during these formative years was crucial, as he emphasized not only technical skills but also the importance of discipline and teamwork.
The transition from playing in local parks to joining a structured football environment marked a significant step in Psaroudakis’ journey. At the age of ten, he joined the youth academy of OFI Crete, one of Greece’s most esteemed football clubs. This move marked the beginning of a more rigorous and professional approach to his training. The academy environment was demanding, focusing on honing technical abilities and instilling values of sportsmanship and dedication. Psaroudakis’ dedication to his craft was evident as he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a standout player in the youth teams.
The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
Belgium vs Slovakia Belgium Euro 2024 Golden Generation Faces Euro Cup Final ...Eticketing.co
We offer Euro Cup Tickets to admirers who can get Belgium vs Slovakia Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing.co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
Croatia's UEFA Euro 2024 Puzzle of Experience versus Youth.docxEuro Cup 2024 Tickets
The Netherlands kicked off their Euro Cup 2024 campaign on Sunday against Poland but will have to navigate the tournament without two pivotal players Frenkie de Jong and Teun Koopmeiners
Croatia's UEFA Euro 2024 Puzzle of Experience versus Youth.docx
Rowing Rigging practical: Angle changes due to span & inboard
1. Angle Changes due to adjusting
Span, Inboard, Stretcher and Distance
between handles at the finish
Stephen Aitken Jan 2013
The four key parameters in setting rigs in the horizontal plane
2. Some faulty logic
• Some rigging guides suggest that narrowing the span
will increase the sweep angle and to only adjust one
thing at a time
• However adjusting one thing at a time is not an
option as if two other parameters are fixed the
fourth will have to change if the other two are to
remain fixed. You have to decide which will change
and which will remain fixed
• This presentation examines 9 options for changing
the rig with an accompanying spread sheet which
calculates the graphs using two athlete articulation
models which are similar
3. Options to consider
1. Span varied, the distance between the
handles fixed by adjusting the stretcher,
inboard fixed
2. Span varied, stretcher & inboard fixed so
distance between handles changes
3. Span & Inboard varied equally, distance
between the handles fixed by adjusting the
stretcher, inboard fixed
4. Span & Inboard varied equally, stretcher fixed
so distance between handles changes
5. Inboard varied, span & distance between
handles fixed, stretcher position adjusted
6. Inboard varied, span & stretcher position
fixed, distance between handles changes
7. Stretcher varied, span & inboard fixed so
distance between handles changes
8. Stretcher varied, distance between handles
fixed by adjusting span with inboard fixed
9. Stretcher varied, distance between handles
fixed by adjusting inboard with span fixed
In options 1,2,5,6,7,8,9 one parameter is
varied whilst two are fixed so the 4th
parameter must change or be adjusted.
In options 3,4 two parameters are varied
equally, one is fixed so the 4th must
change or be adjusted
Options to consider
Optionnumber
span
inboard
stretcher
position
distance
between
handlesatfinish
1 reduced fixed adjusted fixed
2 reduced fixed fixed changes
3 reduced equally adjusted fixed
4 reduced equally fixed changes
5 fixed reduced adjusted fixed
6 fixed reduced fixed changes
7 fixed fixed to stern changes
8 adjusted fixed to stern fixed
9 fixed changes to stern fixed
4. The only option that works
• reducing inboard and span equally and adjusting
stretcher to keep hands at finish same works with
increases in all angles, catch, finish and sweep
(total)
• NB for 1 cm inboard change sweep change is 1.64
deg for 183 cm athlete
• If you want to increase angles first reduce inboard
the required amount to increase the arc length of
the stroke and then reduce span equally
5. Summary of 9 options and results
1) fixed inboard, reducing span and adjusting stretcher to keep hands finish the
same doesn't work but produces small reductions in catch and sweep as stretcher is
moved to bow
what we might do
2) Fixed inboard, reducing span and fixing stretcher increases catch and sweep,
finish angle constant but hands closer together so not a good solution.
the "adjust one thing at a time"
3) reducing span and inboard equally and adjusting stretcher to keep hands at finish
same works with increases in all angles. NB for 1 cm inboard change sweep change is
1.64 deg for 183 cm athlete
What we should do
4) reducing span and inboard equally and fixing stretcher increases all angles but
hands at finish wider apart so not as good as 3
OK But not as good as 3
5) fixed span , reducing inboard and adjusting stretcher for same hands finish gives
biggest increase in catch angle, but reduces finish angle so some increase in sweep
angle.
Worth doing if you want to
increase catch and reduce finish
and overlap.
6) fixed span, reducing inboard and fixing stretcher increases all angles but hands
too far apart at finish for a strong finish
Don't do, sculler may capsize at
finish
7) fixed span, moving the stretcher to stern, with span and inboard fixed, reduces
the finish angle and increases the catch angle, sweep decreasing marginally
used when setting the stretcher
8) fixed inboard, moving stretcher to stern , keeping distance between the handles
fixed, requires span to be increased doubly and catch angle increase, finish
decrease, sweep small decrease
we don't do.
9) fixed span and distance between handles , moving stretcher to the stern,
requires inboard to be reduced, increases catch and sweep angles and reduces finish
angle
we don't do.
6. What next?
• You can either
– Believe me and stop now
– Go on and plough through another 20 or more
slides which together with a spreadsheet prove
the conclusion
7. Introduction
• In most rigging guides there is some discussion on the effect of adjusting span
on catch, finish and sweep angles and gearing.
• This presentation illustrates with reasonably accurately drawn diagrams backed
up by geometric mathematical models what does happen and it’s rather
different from what most rigging guides suggest.
• What happens if you adjust span on its own isn’t much apart from making the
athlete less comfortable. What does happen depends on what else you do
when adjusting the span – e.g. move the stretcher to get same handle spread
at the finish or adjust the inboard to keep the same overlap.
• Two geometric models are used
– The Arc model which assumes the athlete’s stroke length along the arc of the
middle of their hands remains the same regardless of the rig dimensions. The finish
position is determined by the span, inboard and distance between the handles at
the finish and therefore not by the athlete’s anthropometrics (assuming sill height is
constant).
– The Shoulders and Arms model which models the sculler reaching for the catch
with two straight arms pivoting from their shoulders. The finish position is
determined as for the Arc model.
• This presentation is accompanied by a spreadsheet which shows all the
calculations and which you can use to enter your own data like athlete height
and arm-span and make your own adjustments to the rig dimensions to see the
impact on the dependent variables which vary depending on your aims for the
rig.
8. The ARC model
This simple model assumes the
length of the arc the athlete can
achieve remains constant
regardless of changes to the span
or inboard or stretcher position
This is a reasonable assumption for
small changes of span or inboard
and small movements of the
stretcher
The length of the arc is
determined by the athletes
anthropometrics (mainly leg
and arm length and torso
height) and flexibility. A useful
formula has been developed
by Kleshnev which derives
typical arc lengths from height.
Arc (cm) = 0.297865* Height (cm) + 108.387
Initial span
Reduced span
9. Calculating the finish angle – sculls
• To find finish angle we know:
• Inboard e
• Span f
• Distance between handles at finish d
• We calculate
• Lateral distance of handle from pin u
from f/2 – d/2
• Finish angle i from Arccosine(u/e)
• Note the finish angle is determined by the
rig and the chosen distance between the
handles at the finish and is independent
of the athlete anthropometrics except
perhaps their torso width
• This calculation is used in both the ARC
and SHOULDERS AND ARMS models
• We calculate d as f varies from d=f – 2u or
d= f –(e+2)cos (i)
The “+2” allows for the width of the face of the swivel
The letters used here correspond to the
columns in the spreadsheet
d
u
Lineofwork
Shoulder line
e f/2
i
p
10. Calculating the catch angle and
handle position at catch
The letters used here correspond to the
columns in the spreadsheet
Lineofwork
Shoulder line
e
f/2
i
s
r
To find the catch angle we know
Arc stroke length c from athlete height
Sweep (total) angle j = c/(e-6+2) radians
So catch angle k = j - i
To find position of end of handle at
catch
Handle spread s = f/2 – (e+2) x cos k
Handle thru the work r = (e+2) x sin k
Handle behind work p = (f – d/2) x tan i
jk
c
p
d
11. The Shoulders and Arm model
Calculating Catch Angle sculls
To find catch angle we need to find:
• Catch angle created by shoulder through the
work
• Catch angle created by arm from shoulder
We know
• Inboard e
• Span f
• Half shoulder width t
• Effective arm length at catch w
We calculate
• Lateral distance of shoulder from line of work u
from f and t u = f/2 – t
• Shoulder through the work x from initial
position adjusted for stretcher movements
required for the finish
• Distance from shoulder to pin y from x and u
and Pythagoras
• Shoulder catch angle from Arcsine(x/y)
• Arm and shoulder catch angle from
Arccosine((e2+y2-w2)/2ey))
The letters used here correspond to the columns in the spreadsheet
e
t
f/2
u
x
Lineofwork
Shoulder line
12. The ARC model - scull
Option 1
This picture shows two different
spans with equal arc lengths at,
keeping inboard constant and
adjusting the stretcher position
to get same distance between
handles at the finish. This is
what we are told to do to
increase sweep angle.
So the catch angle is reduced by a few degrees
but the finish angle is increased by same degrees
as the stretcher has been moved towards the bow
the keep distance between the hands constant.
Sweep angle remains the same (as inboard is the
same). Overlap increases - reducing handle force?
Initial span
Reduced span
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
155.0157.0159.0161.0163.0165.0
<-increasing--Span --reducing->
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
distance to move
stretcher to stern
(cm)
13. The Shoulders and Arms model
Option 1
This picture shows two different
spans and the sculler reaching for
the catch using shoulders and
arms. Inboard is constant and the
stretcher position adjusted to get
same distance between handles at
the finish. This is what we usually
do.
So the catch angle is reduced by a few degrees but
the finish angle is increased by less degrees as the
stretcher has been moved towards the bow the keep
distance between the hands constant. So the sweep
angle is reduced by less than a degree but this is
exactly what we don’t want!! Overlap increases.
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
155.0160.0165.0
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in
sweep angle
(deg)
distance to
move stretcher
to stern (cm)
Initial span
Reduced span
14. The ARC model
Option2
This picture shows two different
spans with equal arc
lengths, keeping inboard
constant and using the same
stretcher position, so same
finish distance behind the work.
We probably wouldn’t do this.
So same catch, finish and sweep angles, but
hands at finish much closer together and
overlap increased.
Not worth doing if the rig was already set for
correct overlap and hands at the finish.
Initial span
Reduced span
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
155.0157.0159.0161.0163.0165.0
<-increasing--Span --reducing->
Change in
catch angle
(deg)
Change in
finish angle
(deg)
Change in
sweep
angle (deg)
change in
distance
between
handles
(cm / cm)
15. The SHOULDERS AND ARMS model
Option 2
So same finish angle but catch and so and sweep
angles increased a little, but hands at finish much
closer together and overlap increased.
Not worth doing if the rig was already set for
correct overlap and hands at the finish.
This picture shows two different
spans and the sculler reaching for
the catch using shoulders and
arms, keeping inboard constant
and using the same stretcher
position, so same finish distance
behind the work. We probably
wouldn’t do this.
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
155.0160.0165.0
Change in
catch angle
(deg)
Change in
finish angle
(deg)
Change in
sweep
angle (deg)
change in
distance
between
handles (cm
/ cm)
16. The ARC model
Option 3
This picture shows reducing span
and inboard equally to have same
overlap and adjusting stretcher
for same distance between
handles at the finish. This is what
we should usually do.
So the catch angle is increased by a several
degrees, the finish angle a little so the sweep
angle is increased several degrees as well. The
stretcher has been moved towards the stern a
little to keep distance between the hands
constant and overlap is same.
Initial span
Reduced span
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
155.0157.0159.0161.0163.0165.0
<-increasing--Span/Inboard --reducing->
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
distance to move
stretcher to stern
(cm)
17. The Shoulders and arms model
Option 3
This picture shows reducing span
and inboard equally to have same
overlap and adjusting stretcher
for same distance between
handles at the finish. This is what
we should usually do.
So the catch angle is increased by a several
degrees, the finish angle a little so the sweep
angle is increased several degrees as well. The
stretcher has been moved towards the stern a
little to keep distance between the hands constant
and overlap is same.
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
155.0157.0159.0161.0163.0165.0
Change in
catch angle
(deg)
Change in
finish angle
(deg)
Change in
sweep
angle (deg)
distance to
move
stretcher to
stern (cm)
Initial span
Reduced span
18. The ARC model
Option 4
This picture shows reducing
span and inboard equally to
have same overlap and fixing
the stretcher . We might do
this.
So increased catch and finish angles and sweep
angle increased by a few degrees. Handles at
finish a bit wider apart.
Not worth doing if the rig was already set for
correct overlap and hands at the finish.-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
155.0157.0159.0161.0163.0165.0
Change in
catch
angle
(deg)
Change in
finish
angle
(deg)
Change in
sweep
angle
(deg)
change in
distance
between
handles
(cm / cm)
Initial span
Reduced span
19. This picture shows reducing
span and inboard equally to
have same overlap and fixing
the stretcher . We might do
this.
So increased catch and finish angles and sweep
angle increased by a few degrees. Handles at
finish a bit wider apart.
Not worth doing if the rig was already set for
correct overlap and hands at the finish.
The SHOULDERS AND ARMS model
Option 4
Initial span
Reduced span
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
155.0157.0159.0161.0163.0165.0
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
change in distance
between handles
(cm / cm)
20. The ARC model
Option 5
This picture shows reducing
inboard with span fixed and
adjusting stretcher for same
distance between handles at the
finish.
But can hand reach the catch?
Check with shoulders and arms
model.
So the catch angle is increased by a several
degrees, the finish angle reduced so the sweep
angle is increased several degrees. The
stretcher has been moved towards the stern a
lot to keep distance between the hands
constant but overlap is reduced.
Initial span
Reduced span
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
85.586.587.588.589.590.5
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
distance to move
stretcher to stern
(cm)
21. The Shoulders and Arms model
Option 5
This picture shows reducing
inboard with span fixed and
adjusting stretcher for same
distance between handles at the
finish. Looks OK but....
The hand cannot quite reach the catch so the catch
angle is increased by a fewer degrees, the finish
angle reduced so the sweep angle is reduced. The
stretcher has been moved towards the stern a lot
to keep distance between the hands constant but
overlap is reduced.
Initial span
Reduced span
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
85.586.587.588.589.590.5
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
distance to move
stretcher to stern
(cm)
22. The ARC model
Option 6
This picture shows reducing
inboard with span fixed and
stretcher fixed so distance
between handles at the finish
changes.
So the catch angle and finish angles are
increased increasing the sweep angle by
several degrees but hands may be too far apart
for a strong finish.
Initial inboard
Reduced inboard
-8.00
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
85.586.587.588.589.590.5
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
change in distance
between handles
(cm / cm)
23. The Shoulders and Arms model
Option 6
This picture shows reducing
inboard with span and stretcher
fixed so distance between
handles at the finish changes.
So the catch angle and finish angles are
increased increasing the sweep angle by
several degrees but hands may be too far apart
for a strong finish.
Initial inboard
Reduced inboard
-8.00
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
85.586.587.588.589.590.5
Change in
catch angle
(deg)
Change in
finish angle
(deg)
Change in
sweep
angle (deg)
change in
distance
between
handles (cm
/ cm)
24. The ARC model
Option 7
This picture shows moving the
stretcher to stern with inboard and
span fixed so distance between
handles at the finish changes. This is
how we normally set the stretcher.
So the catch angle is increased and finish angle decreased equally so the sweep angle remains
the same. 1 cm stretcher movement changes distance between handles by almost 2 cm.
Are hands too close together at finish for a strong clean finish? The reduced finish angle
requires a faster extraction. Can arms reach for the catch?
Initial stretcher
Moved stretcher
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
-5.0 0.0 5.0
Stretcher movement to stern
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
change in
distance
between handles
(cm / cm)
25. The Shoulders & Arms model
Option 7
This picture shows moving the
stretcher to stern with inboard and
span fixed so distance between
handles at the finish changes. This is
how we normally set the stretcher.
The arms cannot reach the catch so the catch angle is increased but not as much as the finish
angle is decreased so the sweep angle decreases a little . 1 cm stretcher movement changes
distance between handles by almost 2 cm. Are hands too close together at finish for a strong
clean finish? The reduced finish angle requires a faster extraction.
Initial stretcher
Moved stretcher
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
-5.0 0.0 5.0
Stretcher movement to stern
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
change in
distance between
handles (cm / cm)
26. The Shoulders & Arms model
Option 7
If we move the stretcher 20 cm either
way we can see that the relationship
between movement and other factors
is curvilinear not linear as it appears
for 5 cm movements.
But even these extreme movements of the
stretcher do not significantly change overall
sweep angles if inboard and span is fixed.
Initial stretcher
Moved stretcher
27. The ARC model
Option 8
This picture shows moving the
stretcher to stern with inboard
fixed but span adjusted so
distance between handles at the
finish constant.
So the catch angle is increased and finish angle
decreased equally so the sweep angle remains the
same. Hands are good at finish but the reduced
finish angle requires a faster extraction. But can
arms reach for the catch?
Initial stretcher
Moved stretcher
-12.0
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
-5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
moving stretcher to stern (cm)
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
Change in span
(cm)
28. The Shoulders & Arms model
Option 8
This picture shows moving the
stretcher to stern with inboard
fixed but span adjusted so
distance between handles at the
finish constant.
So the arms cannot reach the catch so the catch is
not increased as much as the finish is reduced, so
the sweep angle reduces as stretcher moves to
stern. Hands are good at finish but the reduced
finish angle requires a faster extraction.
Initial stretcher
Moved stretcher
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
-5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Stretcher movement to stern (cm)
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
Change in span
(cm)
change in overlap
(cm)
29. The ARC model
Option 9
This picture shows moving the
stretcher to stern with span fixed
but inboard adjusted so distance
between handles at the finish
constant.
So the catch angle is increased and finish angle
decreased equally so the sweep angle remains the
same. But can arms reach for the catch and are
hands too close together at finish for a strong
clean finish. The reduced finish angle requires a
faster extraction.
Initial stretcher
Moved stretcher
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
-5.0 -3.0 -1.0 1.0 3.0 5.0
Stretcher movement to stern
Change in catch
angle (deg)
Change in finish
angle (deg)
Change in sweep
angle (deg)
change in distance
between handles
(cm / cm)