Drilling rig

1. Drilling rig

2. A drilling rig is an equipment used in the oil and gas industry for the purpose of drilling and extracting
hydrocarbons from Earth’s subsurface. Drilling rigs fundamental goal is creating boreholes, or wells, in
the ground to access underground reservoirs of oil or natural gas.
Drilling rig consists of following systems:
• Hoisting system
• Rotary system
• Circulation System
• Power system
• BOP system
• Monitoring system
Drilling rig

5. Power system
The prime movers are diesel engines that supply power to the rig and usually located on the ground in
back of the rig. Diesel fuel is stored in tanks near the engines. Most of the power is used by the
hoisting and circulating systems. Some also goes to the rotating systems, rig lights, and other motors.

6. Power system
It consists of Engine which is used to supply energy to all other systems.

7. Stimulator for studying electric systems in oil drilling rigs

8. Hoisting system
The hoisting system is used to raise, lower, and suspend the drill string and lift casing and tubing for
installation into the well.
The hoisting equipment itself consists of:
• crown block
• travelling block
• fast line
• dead line
• draw works
• hook
• dead line anchor
• storage reel
• elevator

9. Derrick or Mast
In the petroleum industry,
a derrick consisting of a framework
or tower of wood or steel is erected
over the deep drill holes of oil wells to
support the tackle for boring, to raise
and lower the drilling tools in the well,
and to insert and remove the well
casing or pipe.
The mast or derrick is erected on a
substructure, which serves to:
Support the rig floor and rotary, and to
provide working space
Provide space under the floor for
blowout preventer (valves for
controlling an overpressured well)

12. Crown block
It is located near the top of the derrick or mast
and plays a key role in the process of lifting
and lowering the drill string, casing, and other
tools during drilling operations.

13. Traveling block

14. Fast line / Dead line

15. Drawworks
It have a drum on which drilling line
is reel in and out to move travelling
block inside mast or derrick for
raising and lowering drilling string.

16. Hook
The primary function of the hook is to attach to
and support the load being lifted. It provides a
secure point of connection for the load, ensuring
that it remains suspended during lifting,
lowering, and positioning operations.

17. Deadline anchor
Deadline anchors provide accurate weight
measurements and secure deadlines.
The deadline anchor is used to tie down the
drill line and measure the load suspended from
the top drive.

18. Storage reel

19. Elevator

20. Rotary system

21. Rotary system
The function of the rotary system is to transmit rotation to the drillingstring and
consequently rotate the bit
• Swivel
• Kelly
• Kelly Bushing
• Master Bushing
• Rotary Table
• Mousehole
• Rat Hole
• Rotary Hose
• Drill String
• Bottom-Hole Assembly
• Drill Bit

22. Rotating system
Two primary methods of providing rotation to the drillstring:
• Top drive
• Kelly and Bushing

23. Top drive /https://youtu.be/SdbtThqzP0A?si=HPV9sUlXC_6uR1HS
• A top drive is a mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides clockwise torque to
the drill string to drill a borehole. It is an alternative to the rotary table and kelly drive.
It is located at the swivel's place below the traveling block and moves vertically up and
down the derrick
• An advantage of a top drive is that it allows the drilling rig to drill longer sections of
stand of drill pipe. A rotary table type rig can only drill 30’ sections of drill pipe while a
top drive can drill 90-feet drillpipe. Therefore, there are fewer connections of drill pipe
and hence improving time efficiency.

24. Top drive
A – Elevator
B – Bail or Link
C – IBOP (both manual and pneumatic operated)
D – Rotating Head
E – Top drive motor
F – Dolly Track
G – Hook
D – Travelling Block

25. Rotary table drive
Rotary table drive: rotation is achieved by turning the Kelly at the drill floor.

26. https://youtu.be/azQvZr8tbdY?si=C4sSCwqjMrIiNWTw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZxUiFFVEAQ

29. Swivel
A rotary tool that is hung from the rotary
hook and traveling block to suspend the
drill stem and to permit it to rotate freely.
It also provides a connection for the
rotary hose and a passageway for the flow
of drilling fluid into the drill stem.

30. Kelly
The heavy steel member, three-, four-,
six-, or eight- sided, suspended from
the swivel through the rotary table
and connected to the topmost joint of
drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the
rotary table turns. It has a bored
passageway that permits fluid to be
circulated into the drill stem and up
the annulus, or vice versa.

31. Kelly Bushing
Special device that, when fitted into the
master bushing, transmits torque to
the kelly and simultaneously permits
vertical movement of the kelly to make
hole. It may be shaped to fit the rotary
opening or have pins for transmitting
torque. Also called the drive bushing.
See kelly and master bushing.

32. Master Bushing
A device that fits into the rotary
table to accommodate the slips and
drive the kelly bushing so that the
rotating motion of the rotary table
can be transmitted to the kelly.

33. Rotary Table
The principal component of a rotary,
or rotary machine, used to turn the
drill stem and support the drilling
assembly. It has a beveled gear
arrangement to create the rotational
motion and opening into which
bushings are fitted to drive and
support the drilling assembly.

34. Mousehole
The mousehole is the storage area on
a drilling rig where the next joint of
drilling pipe is held until needed.

35. Rat Hole
• Rat hole – to keep the Kelly.

36. Rotary Hose
A reinforced flexible tube on a
rotary drilling rig that conducts the
drilling fluid from the standpipe to
the swivel and kelly.

37. Drill String
The drillstring connects the drillbit at the bottom of
the hole to the rotary drive system on the surface.
The drillstring has several functions:
 transmit rotation to the drillbit.
 exerts weight on bits (WOB)
 guides & controls trajectory of the bit
 allows fluid circulation
Drill string components
• Drill pipes
• Drill collars
• Drill bit

38. Drill pipes
Drill pipe: is used to rotate the bit
and circulate the drilling fluid.

39. Drill collars
Drill collars:
provides weight on the drill bit during
actual drilling.
keep the drill pipe in tension to prevent
bending and buckling of the drill pipe.
Drill collar types:
 Smoth
Spiral

40. Drill Bit
Drill bit: the cutting element at the
bottom of the drillstring, used to
grind, break, or shear the rock at the
bottom of the well.

42. Circulation system

43. BOP
• Drill a well is very dangerous, because the
pressure in the reservoir could be
significant high, which normally about
couple thousands psi. Therefore, in order
to guarantee the drilling operation safe
and prevent undesirable accident, well
control system must be installed. The main
part of this system is the blowout
preventer (BOP, see picture left). This
equipment is set on the top of the well
bore. If there is a sudden pressure change
in the well which push the formation fluid
up to the surface, BOP will be closed the
seal the well from blowout.

46. Parts of the Rig
• Monkey board – Platform on derrick for holding pipe during a trip.

47. Personnel
The people work in a group called drilling crews which operate in shifts
of 8-12 hours a day and work a certain period of time on the rig and get
a set of days-off.
The person in charge of the drilling crew is called rig manager, rig
superintendent or toolpusher depending on the contractor’s choice.
People reporting to him are the driller, assistant driller, derrickman and
floorhands or roughnecks.
The driller is directly in charge of the drilling four- or five-person rig
crew and generally operates the draw works, the system of cables and
pulleys used to run pipe into the hole and to pull pipe from the well.

48. Personnel
The most important job of the derrickman is to handle the pipe at the
monkeyboard by feeding the stands of drill pipe into the elevators or
removing them from the elevators during a trip. Monkeyboard is a
small platform high on the derrick on which the derrickman stands and
performs his job. It is between 15-34m high depending on the size of
the stands.
When not on the monkeyboard, he descends down to the rig floor and
helps in maintenance of the rig but more importantly, he monitors the
condition of the mud. He checks the specification of the mud and
confirms it meets the requirements of the mud engineer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOwcAEEwxQ4 Derrickman work

49. Personnel
Floorhands :The name comes from the fact that most of the work done
by this group of people takes place on the drilling floor; the old name
for them is roughnecks. Their job is to handle the lower end of the pipe
and stab it in to a drill pipe to make a new connection or un-torque and
remove the pipe from the string.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqLALzUft8Y The world fastest
roughnecks