Drilling Rig Operating System and Components.pdf

Rotary Drilling Rig Components
1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure
2. Power and Prime Movers
3. Hoisting Component
4. Rotating Component
5. Circulating Component
6. Well Control Component
7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment
8. Bit
9. Fishing Tools

Derrick
A large load bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. The
standard derrick has four legs standing at the corners of the
substructure.

Mast
A portable derrick that can be raised as unit. For transporting by
land, the mast can be divided into two or more section.

Substructure
The foundation in which the derrick or mast and usually the
Drawworks sit. In contains space for storage and well control
equipment.

Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power
for driving equipment on the Rig.
A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-
combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig
components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches
and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.

A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-
combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig
components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches
and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.

A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the
combination of engines, generator set, control system and electric
motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig.

DC-DC System

AC-DC System

The Rig Equipment responsible for the raising and lowering of the
Drillstring. Consist of the following:
1. Mast or Derrick
2. Drawworks
3. Crown Block
4. Traveling Block
5. Deadline Anchor
6. Supply Reel
7. Drilling Line

The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a winch that
spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the
drillstring.
2. Drawworks

An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the
derrick/mast and over which the drilling line is reeved.
3. Crown Block

An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the
derrick/mast and over which the drilling line is reeved.
3. Crown Block
FAST SHEAVE
CROWN SHEAVE

An assembly of sheaves or pulleys through which the drilling line is
reeved and which moves up and down in the Derrick or Mast.
4. Traveling Block
BLOCK HOOK

4. Traveling Block
TRAVELING BLOCK WITH DYNAPLEX HOOK

4. Traveling Block
TRAVELING BLOCK WITH
UNIMATIC HOOK

An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is
usually bolted on to the substructure.
5. Deadline Anchor
COMPRESSION
TENSION

5. Deadline Anchor
An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is
usually bolted on to the substructure.

6. Supply Reel
A spool that stores the unused portion of the Drilling Line.

7. Drilling Line
The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.
Right Lang Lay
Left Lang Lay
Right Regular Lay
Left Regular Lay
Types of Wire Rope Lay

7. Drilling Line
The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.
Type of Wire Rope Construction

7. Drilling Line
Typically the wire rope used for Drilling Line would have the
following characteristics:
Shallow:
Deep:
1” to 1-1/8” diameter
1-1/4” to 2” diameter
Contruction: 6 x 19 S or 6 x 21 S or 6 x 25 FW, RRL, IPS or EIP, IWRC

The Rig Equipment responsible for rotating the Drillstring. Consist of
the following:
1. Swivel
2. Kelly Spinner
3. Kelly or Top Drive
4. Kelly Bushing
5. Master Bushing
6. Rotary Table

The rotary tool that is hung from the hook of the traveling block to
suspend the drillstring and permit it to rotate freely.
1. Swivel

It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide
passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.
1. Swivel

A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that
when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.
2. Kelly Spinner

The heavy steel member, usually four or six-sided that is suspended
from the Swivel through the Rotary Table and connected to the
topmost joint of drillpipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table
turns.
3. Kelly

It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the
drill stem and up the annulus or vise versa.
3. Kelly

A hydraulically powered device located below the Swivel that when
actuated allows the Drillstem to spin and proceed in drilling.
3. Top Drive

A device that when fitted to master bushing transmits torque to the
kelly and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the Kelly to
make hole.
4. Kelly Bushing
Type HDP Type HDS Type MDS
Heavy Duty fits 23” through 49-1/2”
Rotary Table
Heavy Duty for Square Drive Rotary
Tables
Medium Duty for Square Rotary
Table

A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and
drive the kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table
can be transmitted to the Kelly.
5. Master Bushing
Type MSPC Type MSPC Type MBSS
Type MPCH
Fits 20-1/2” to 27-1/2”
Rotary Tables
Fits 37-1/2” to 49-1/2”
Rotary Tables
Fits 17-1/2” to 27-1/2”
Rotary Tables
Fits 17-1/2” to 27-1/2”
Rotary Tables

Equipment used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling
assembly.
6. Rotary Table

It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and
opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the
drilling assembly.
6. Rotary Table

It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and
opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the
drilling assembly.
6. Rotary Table
375

The Rig Equipment responsible the movement of drilling fluid within
the well as well as solids removal incurred by the drilling fluid.
Normally the circulation would start from the mud pits, down the drill
stem, up the annulus and back to the mud pits.

Circulating component consist of the following:
1. Mud Pump
2. Pump Manifold
3. Standpipe
4. Swivel
5. Drillstring
6. Annulus
7. Return Line
8. Shale Shaker
9. Desander
10. Desilter
11. Degasser
12. Mud Pit

1. Mud Pump
A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulated the
mud on a drilling rig.
A typical mud pump is a two cylinder, double acting or a three-
cylinder, single acting piston pump whose pistons travel in
replaceable liners and are driven by a crankshaft actuated by an
engine or motor.

1. Mud Pump

1. Mud Pump
1. SUCTION TANK
2. PREHYDRATION TANK
3. CHARGING PUMP
4. AGITATOR MOTORS
5. MUD HOPPPER
6. SUCTION LINE
7. CHARGING PUMP (MP)
8. MUD PUMP
9. VALVE AND PUMP PISTON
10. MUD PUMP DISCHARGE
MANIFOLD
11. PRESSURE GAUGE
12. PULSATION DAMPENER
13. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
14. DISCHARGE LINE
15. MUD PUMP ENGINE
16. INTERMEDIATE TANK

2. Pump Manifold
An arrangement of piping and valves that receives drilling fluid from
one or more mud pumps and transmit the drilling fluid to the
succeeding circulating component.

2. Pump Manifold

3. Standpipe
The vertical pipe rising along the side of the Derrick or Mast, which
joins mud pump manifold to the rotary hose.

7. Return Line
The passageway of the drilling fluid as it comes out of the well.

8. Shale Shaker
An equipment the uses a vibrating screen to remove cuttings from
the circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations.
1. RETURN LINE
2. POSSUM BELLY
4. SHAKER SCREEN
3. ELECTRIC MOTOR

8. Shale Shaker
Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud
and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh
screen.

9. Desander
A centrifugal device for removing sand from the drilling fluid to
prevent abrasion of the pumps.

10. Desilter
Also a centrifugal device for removing free particles of silt from the
drilling fluid to keep the amount of solids in the fluid at the lowest
possible point.

11. Degasser

12. Mud Pit
A waste pit, usually an excavated earthen-walled pit.

The Rig Equipment responsible for preventing the build up of
unwanted formation fluids that lead to Blowout.

Well Control component consist of the following:
1. Annular Blowout Preventer
2. Ram Blowout Preventer
3. Diverter
4. Drilling Spools
5. Manifold, Valves and Sensors
6. Accumulator
7. Inside BOP

Tubular are made of the following equipment:
1. Drill Pipe
2. Drill Collar
3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe
4. Kelly
5. Subs

1. Drillpipe
These are heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and
circulated the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe approximately 30 feet long
are coupled together by means of tool joints.

1. Drillpipe
Basic Parts of a Drillpipe
SHOULDER
SHOULDER
BOX
PIN
NECK
NECK
TONG SPACE TONG SPACE
BODY

1. Drillpipe

1. Drillpipe
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
RANGE LENGHTS
TOLERANCES

1. Drillpipe
TOOLJOINT
INTERGCHANGEABILITY
CHART

1. Drillpipe
For other mechanical properties, please refer to available charts.

2. Drill Collar
The heavy, thick-walled tube steel, used between the drill pipe and
the bit in the drill stem to provide pendulum effect to the drill stem
and to provide weight on bit.

3. Heavy Weight Drillpipe
Similar in appearance to a drill pipe, HWDP has the following
different dimensional characteristics; the tube wall is heavier about
1”thick in most sizes, the tool joints are longer, and the tube section
has a larger diameter at mid length to protect the pipe from wear.
HWDP were developed for the following reasons; As a transition
member to be run between drill collars and drill pipe, as a flexible
weight member to run on directional drilling, as a weight member on
small rigs, drilling small diameter holes.

3. Subs
A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling
string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of
difference in thread size or design. These consist of:
1. Bit Sub
2. Crossover Sub
3. Kelly Saver Sub
4. Lifting Sub
5. Bent Sub

3. Subs
A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling
string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of
difference in thread size or design.

Tubular Handling Equipment
Equipment used to move, make and break connection, suspend
tubular on the rig. These include the following:
1. Elevator Links
2. Elevator
3. Lifting Subs
4. Lifting Plug
5. Tugger/Winch
6. Slips
7. Safety Clamp
8. Tongs
9. Kelly Spinner
10. Drillpipe Spinner
11. Iron Roughneck
12. Bit Breaker

1. Elevator Links
Equipment attached onto the Traveling Block in order to suspend the
Elevators.

1. Elevator
Clamps that grip a stand of casing, tubing, drillpipe or drill collars so
that the stand or joint can be raised from or lowered into the hole
opening of the rotary table.
SIDE DOOR ELEVATOR CENTER LATCH ELEVATOR SINGLE JOINT ELEVATOR

1. Elevator

5. Tugger/Winch
A pneumatically operated drum with wire rope spooled onto it to
move or lift heavy objects on the rig floor.

6. Slips
A wedge shape piece of metal with teeth or other gripping elements
that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into hole or to hold
the pipe in place.
Drill Pipe Slips

6. Slips
the pipe in place.
Drill Collar Slips

6. Slips
the pipe in place.
Casing Slips

6. Slips
the pipe in place.

6. Safety Clamp
The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the
string should the slips fail to hold.
Safety Clamp

7. Safety Clamp
The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the
string should the slips fail to hold.

8. Tong
Large wrenches used to make or break out tubulars.
Make up Tong Breakout Tong

8. Tong
Making Connection

8. Tong
Breaking Connection

9. Kelly Spinner
A pneumatically operated device mounted on top of the kelly that
when actuated causes the kelly to spin.
KELLY SPINNER

10. Drillpipe Spinner
A pneumatically operated device usually suspended on the rig floor
used to make fast connections and spin off of drill pipeS.
DRILLPIPE SPINNER

11. Iron Roughneck
A pneumatically operated machine that replaces the functions
performed by the Kelly Spinner, Drillpipe Spinner and Tongs.
IRON ROUGHNECK

12. Bit Breaker
A device that is placed on top of the rotary table to enable the bit to
be made up to drill string.
BIT BREAKER

8. Bit

8. Bit
A variety of bits are available for drilling and sampling operation. The
selection of bit is usually dependent on the formation which is to be
drilled and the purpose of the borehole.
Bit
Fixed Cutter Bits Roller Cone Bits
Drill Bit Core Bit
Material
Natural Diamond Insert
PDC Insert
TSP
No. of Cones 2 3 4 6
Material
Steel Mill
Tungsten Carbide Inserts

8. Bit
SHORT PDC BIT MEDIUM PDC BIT LONG PDC BIT NATURAL DIAMOND BIT TSP BIT

8. Bit

8. Bit
CORE BIT

8. Bit
MILL TOOTH
TRICONE BIT
TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT
TRICONE BIT

8. Bit
9. Fishing Tools

9. Fishing Tools
The Rig Equipment used for the purpose of retrieving from the
wellbore sections of pipe, casing or other items which may have
become stuck or inadvertently dropped in the hole. These are the
following:
1. Overshot
2. Taper Tap
3. Grapple Spear
4. Junk Basket
5. Fishing Magnet
6. Wireline Spear
7. Junk Mill
8. Casing Scraper

9. Fishing Tools
1. Overshot
Overshot is an external catch fishing tool designed to retrieve
tubular items from the well bore.
SPIRAL GRAPPLE
OVERSHOT
BASKET GRAPPLE
OVERSHOT

9. Fishing Tools
2. Taper Tap
Is an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular members
from the wellbore. The wicker thread are allowed to be embedded
into the interior of the fish.
Taper Tap

9. Fishing Tools
3. Grapple Spear
Is also an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular
members from the wellbore.
The grapple spear is run in and positioned
inside the fish. Rotating the Grapple Spear
one turn to the left will engaged the grapple
and caused tapers on the mandrel to expand
the grapple and bite into the fish.

9. Fishing Tools
4. Junk Basket
Is a junk retrieval tool designed to remove all type of objects from
the bottom of the well. Such items as slip, hand tools, bit cones and
any other pieces of junk in the well.
This junk basket
utilises reverse
circulation combined
with coring operations
of up to 20” of core.
With direct circulation
the coring action on
the junk proceeds until
24 inch core is cut. The
finger on the upper
catcher break the core
when an upward strain
is applied.

9. Fishing Tools
5. Fishing Magnet
Is a junk retrieval tool designed to effectively remove metal particles,
shavings and debris from the bottom of the wellbore.
The assembly is run in
the hole and hold 6 to
12 inches above the
fish. Circulate
generously to wash
away cuttings. Reduce
circulation, lower the
magnet to the fish and
rotate slightly to obtain
good contact. Cut off
circulation and pull out
of hole.

9. Fishing Tools
6. Wireline Spear
Is a junk retrieval tool designed to retrieve wireline and wire rope
from the wellbore.
The spear is made up
and run in hole , upon
reaching the wire to be
retrieved the spear is
lowered slowly
allowing the barbs to
engage the wire. The
spear is then lifted out
of the hole.

9. Fishing Tools
7. Junk Mill
Are designed to mill fish such as packers, squeeze tools, perforating
guns, drill pipe, tool joints, reamer, reamer blades and rock bits.

9. Fishing Tools
8. Casing Scraper
Is designed to remove scale, mud cake, cement sheath, embedded
bullets, and other foreign materials inside the casing wall.

CROWN BLOCK
MAST
CATLINE BOOM MONKEY BOARD
STAND PIPE
TUBING BOARD
CATWALK
PIPE RACK
DRILL PIPE
HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT
JUNK BIN
ACCUMULATOR
DRILLING LINE SPOOL
WAREHOUSE
CABLE TRAY
WATER TANK
MUD SACK
STORAGE
PUMPS AND HOPPER
MUD PUMP
MUD TANKS
FLARE LINE
DOG HOUSE
GENERATORS TYPICAL LAND RIG

TRAVELING BLOCK
TOP DRIVE
DRILLING LINE
DRAWWORKS
ROTARY HOSE

SHALE SHAKER
MUD CLEANER
DEGASSER
AGITATOR
MUD GUN
TRIP TANK

DRILLER’S CONSOLE
PIPE SETBACK AREA
ROTARY TABLE
RIG FLOOR
SUBSTRUCTURE
BLOWOUT PREVENTER
PIPE RAMP CHOKE MANIFOLD
CUTTINGS CONVEYOR

Line Organization of the Rig Crew
Area Manager
Rig Manager
Toolpusher
Materials Man
Driller
Asst. Driller
Derrickman
Roughneck
Roustabout
Maintenance
Engineer
Rig Mechanic
Welder
Pipe Fitter
Crane Optr.
Rigger
Electrician
Motorman Pump Tender
Driver
Helper
Warehouseman
Safety & Training
Specialist
Drilling
Superintendent

Job Description of Key Rig Personnel
Rig Manager
•Responsible in administering and implementing the Operator’s and Drilling
Contractor’s guidelines and regulation.
•Carries out daily onsite supervision to ensure that Rig Operation meet
Operator’s expectation and safety regulation.
•Responsible in implementing extensive job and safety training.
•Responsible in administering and implementing the Operator’s and Drilling
Contractor’s guidelines and regulation.
•Ensure the integrity of all oilfield equipment, maintaining visual aspects of
oilfield site; promote cleanliness and enhancing the safety of the crew.

Toolpusher
•Responsible for the supervision of the Rig Operation and maintain drilling
equipment to the highest standard of efficiency.
•Interface and coordinate with the Drilling Superintendent, Area Manager,
Rig Manager, Service Man and other key personnel for Drilling Program
Implementation and Modification, Supplies, Crew Schedule and changes.
•Performs inspection, periodical inventories and scheduling of material and
equipment consumption and deliveries as well as backloading if applicable.

Driller
•Responsible for the manipulation and supervision of the Rig and all the in
line equipment and sensors as well as proper top out (fill up) and control of
the bore hole to maintain the parameters required by the Operator.
•To record important dimension and implementing safety programs on
various operational modes (Rig setting, skidding, drilling, tripping, fishing,
well completion, well flow and pressure testing etc.) in conformity with the
specification and regulation imposed by authorities.
•To evaluate tour sheet, personnel and safety progress so as to recommend
contingent action at certain level of operation to meet the standard in all
occasion of the drilling program.
•Responsible for the Rig-Up and Rig Down of the Drilling Contractor
equipment .

Assistant Driller
•Responsible for the preparation, strapping (measurement), inspection and
proper storage of BOP, BHA and other drilling components and consumables
throughout the cycle of operation.
•Responsible for the line up of valves on all manifolds or lines and for
random and periodical checkup as well as serving of all equipment and
assemblies in the system.
•Prepare tour sheet and kill sheet, check and lead work force and held lecture
during safety meeting.
•To secure all equipment from Mast, Rig Floor, Substructure to main and
cellar deck during Rig Mobilization.

Derrickman
•Responsible for the “Monkey Board” on trips and other Derrick itineraries.
•Maintains Mud Pumps, Mud Control Devices, Flow line and its accessories.
•Maintain Mud Volume and mud Properties and directed by the Mud engineer.
•Prepare report on mixed mud and equipment Performance such as pumps,
agitators and sensors.
•Assist roughneck at the floor, cellar deck and anywhere needed.
•Housekeeping job on pump room, pit room etc.

Roughneck
•Responsible for the positioning of slips, tongs, spinner, elevator and other
rig equipment as directed by the Driller, Assistant Driller and other ranking
personnel.
•To operated tuggers for lifting and lowering equipment and materials from
the pipe rack to the rig floor.
•Assist serviceman to the Rig-Up and Rig-Down of their equipment.
•Perform housekeeping jobs and servicing equipment.
•To watch the shaker and other solid control equipment during circulation
and drilling.
•Assist Derrickman in some derrick itineraries.

Rig Operation Terminologies
Breaking Down
Unscrewing the drill stem into single joints and placing them on the pipe rack. This
operation takes place at the completion of the well when the drill pipe will no longer
be used or when changing from one size of drill pipe to another.
Break out
To unscrew a section of the pipe to another.
Make a Connection
To attach a joint of drill pipe onto the drill stem suspended in the wellbore to permit
deepening the wellbore by the length of joint added usually 30 feet.
Make Hole
To deepen the hole made by the bit.
Nipple Up
To assemble the Blowout Preventer Stack on the well head at the surface.
Plug and Abandon
To place cement plugs into the dryhole and abandon it.

Racking Pipe
The act of placing the stands of pipe in orderly arrangement in the derrick after
hoisting pipe from the wellbore.
Reverse Circulation
The course of drilling fluid downward through the annulus and upward through the
drillstem, in contrast to normal circulation.
Rig Up
To prepare the drilling rig for making hole, that is, to install tools and machinery
before drilling is started.
Run In
To go into the hole with tubing, drillpipe, and so forth
Slug the Pipe
Pumping into the top of the drill stem a quantity of heavy mud which will cause the
level of the fluid in the drill stem to fall as the drill stem is hoisted.
Spud In
To begin drilling a well, to start the hole.

Stab
To guide the end of the pipe into a coupling or tool joint when making up a
connection.
Tearing Down
The act of dismantling the rig at the completion of the well and preparing it moving
to the next location.

Drilling Rig Operating System and Components.pdf

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