The document discusses the role of coastal and marine aquaculture in Bangladesh's blue economy development. It outlines that coastal aquaculture includes shrimp, prawn, seaweed and oyster farming. Shrimp farming contributes significantly to exports and livelihoods. While coastal aquaculture has grown, challenges remain like habitat destruction, soil acidification, and lack of planning. However, there is potential to develop new species and sustainable systems to further contribute to the economy and food security, if issues are addressed. Coastal aquaculture plays an important role in Bangladesh's blue economy that can be expanded.

1. NOAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES & MARINE SCIENCE
An assignment
ON
‘‘Role of Coastal and Marine aquaculture in the Blue
Economy development of Bangladesh’’
Course title: Coastal and Marine Aquaculture
Course code: FIMS 3203
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. Mohammad Belal Hossain Md. Jubaer Molla
PROFESSOR, ROLL: ASH1802023M
Department of Fisheries & Marine Science, Session:2017-18
Noakhali Science and Technology University Year:3 Term: 2
Submission date: 25 January, 2021

2. CONTENT
SL No. Content Name Page No.
1. Introduction
1
2. Coastal Aquaculture in Bangladesh
3. Shrimp culture
4. Prawn Culture 1-2
5. Sea Weed Culture 2
6. Oyster Culture 2-3
7. Future Prospects of Coastal and Marine
aquaculture
3-4
8. Prospects in the field of Shrimp 4
9. Problems 4-5
10. Conclusion 5
11. References 5

3. 1
Introduction:
Marine Aquaculture is defined as the establishment of man-made enclosures to raise aquatic
life, such as Shell fish, Fin fish & Sea weeds for the human consumption purposes.
“Coastal aquaculture” or “mariculture” comprises all shore (land) and water-based farming
activities of brackish and marine organisms, which are generally limited to within the 2-5km
wide area on the continental shelf and on the low-lying flatlands beyond the tidal zone.
Blue Economy is the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved
livelihoods and jobs, and ocean ecosystem health and advocates the greening of ocean
development strategies for higher productivity and conservation of ocean's health.
It encompasses– Renewable Energy, Fisheries, Maritime Transport, Tourism, Climate Change,
Waste Management.
The coastal aquaculture of Bangladesh:
The coastal aquaculture has been developed significantly in the last decade particularly the
shrimps (monodon and indicus sp.) culture in medium to high saline water and prawn
(machrobrachium sp.) culture in less saline areas. In addition, a small production of mangrove
crabs, and varied quantities of brackish and marine water fish species like sea bass and mullet,
most of which are produced as by-crops or fallow crops in the shrimp ponds.
Shrimp culture:
The shrimp sector in Bangladesh (100,000 tonnes a
year) is unique. More than 95% of shrimp and prawn in
Bangladesh are produced in extensive polyculture ponds
that were formerly used as rice ponds and are locally
referred to as ‘Ghers’.
Culture area: 246198 hectares during 2009-10.
Culture species: Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus.
Role:
• Total earning in excess of US$360 million
annually and accounting for 4.9 percent of exports in 2004.
• This sector employs significant numbers of rural workers and provides a livelihood for
households throughout Bangladesh.
• There are over 600,000 people employed directly in shrimp aquaculture who support
approximately 3.5 million dependents (Islam et al, 2011)
• Bangladesh produces 2.5 per cent of the global production of shrimp, and the shrimp
sector is the second largest export industry.
➢ Prawn Culture:
Culture area: 50 000 ha (Khondaker 2007)
Culture species: Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Production cost: Prawn production costs an average US$1343/ha.
Average production: 336 kg/ha/year (Muir (2003a)
Fig. 1: Contribution of shrimp and fish
to Bangladesh’s total agro-based
commodities in 2003-2004.

4. 2
Role:
The annual gross revenue of prawn production average US$1601/ha.
Around 300 000 people are directly involved in prawn production, marketing and associated
activities in addition to 400 000 people of prawn post larvae fishing.
➢ Culture of Sea Weed:
Culture area: Bangladesh has 710 km coastal area which is suitable for sea weed culture.
Culture species: Most popular and known sea weed in Bangladesh is Hypnea sp,
Production: 20 kg/15days/m2
[Source: DoF 2019]
Cost: 200 Taka/m2
Role:
• Sea Weed contains Ca, I, Cu, Fe, Protein, Fibre, Vitamin-C, D, E, K
• Source of food
• Source of income and livelihoods of the poor
• Export earner
• Stabiliser and/or emulsifier for many food products, such as chocolate.
• Additive in instant food drinks
• Emulsifier, to bind certain foods together and give them a smooth consistency.
• Medicinal ingredients
• Natural latex creaming and thickening for rubber.
• Adhesive for paper bags and gummed tapes.
• Coating for food packages and milk containers, ceramic glazes, leather finishes, and
emulsions.
• Additives in the preparation of fertiliser and pesticides.
• Ingredient for bio-chemicals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries.
➢ Culture of Oyster:
Oysters are aquatic marine animals with two shells. External shell of the oyster is composed of
Lime. In Bangladesh, there are four types of cultivable oyster species.
Cultivable area: Cox’s Bazar, Moheshkhali, Teknaf, Ukhia
Culture species: Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea madrasensis, Crassostrea rivularis,
Saccostrea cucullata.
Role:
• Oyster is a good source of protein and feed as meat.
• White part of the inner shell is used as a medicine and lime is made by shell.
• Shell lime is used as food of domestic poultry.

5. 3
• Oyster meat also use as a food of mother shrimp in shrimp hatchery.
• Alive and frozen oyster is exported in abroad.
• In addition to creating alternative employment, Oyster will open up opportunities to
expand commercial production.
• Easy culture method, don’t need food and high market value.
Future prospects of coastal and marine aquaculture in Blue Economy:
The shallow coastal waters and shallow sea shelf constitute about 20% and 35% of total marine
waters. So, there are enormous scopes for flourishing mariculture of both brackish and marine
fish species as well as opportunities exists also for mariculture of non-traditional marine species
like seaweed, macro algae, shellfish, mussel, oyster, sea urchin, sea cucumber etc.
Figure 4. Blue economic activities in the coastal and maritime zones of Bangladesh
If these opportunities could successfully be implemented under the concept of blue economy
development and seventh 5 Year Plan of the Govt. of Bangladesh in the coast, near shore and
offshore areas, the country would be able to achieve expected solutions for the requirements of
mass protein in the diet of the people as well as get sustainable benefits in economic sectors.
Species/Group Main locations/areas for mariculture
Marine fin fish breeding and farming
Sea bass )Lates calcarifer(, Grey mullet )Mugil cephalus(, Land-based brackishwater pond culture, cage culture and
Green back mullet )Chelon subviridis (, Pomfret )Pampus pen culture in inshore and offshore areas i.e., Moheshkhali-
argenteus(, Hilsa )Tenualosa ilisha(, saline tolerant tilapia kutubdia channel, Sonadia island and Dubla island
and other species
Marine shrimp broodstock domestication, and SPF seed production and farming
Broodstock domestication, and breeding and farming of Cox’s Bazar, Satkhira, Khulna
Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, P. merguiensis
Crab breeding and farming
Mud crab, Scylla serrata Shamnagar, Shatkhira; Moheshkahi; Cox’s Bazar
Mussel breeding and culture
Clams )Anadara( Chittagong, Moheshkhali, Kutubdia coast
Mussel )green mussel, Perna viridis( St. Martin’s Island, Moheshkhali, Kutubdia

6. 4
Clam )Meretrix meretrix( and oyster )Crassostrea Cox’s Bazar, Sundarban mangrove
madrasensis(
Pearly oyster )blacklip, nei( Cox’s Bazar, Patuakhali
Culture of marine aquatic Plants
a. Seaweeds
Sargassum sp., Hypnea sp., Caulerpa sp. Ulva sp. and St. Martin’s, Cox’s Bazar and Khulna
others.
b. Marine micro algae Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Dhaka, Khulna
Marine micro algae viz. Skeletonema costatum, )can be used as live feed and biodiesel production by marine
Thalassiosira sp., Chaetoceros gracilis, Tetraselmis sp., biotechnology(
Nanochloropsis oculata, Chlorella sp. etc.
Culture of marine coral and other non-traditional species
Corals, sea cucumber, sea urchin etc. St. Martin’s Island
Table: Species/group wise opportunities of aquaculture in coastal and marine waters of
Bangladesh
Prospects in the field of shrimp:
In Bangladesh, if production cost will decrease, sufficient supply of post larvae, quality of feed
will high, proper steps will be taken to protect flood then shrimp production then shrimp
production will increase dramatically.
Present average yield is only 633 kg/ha but there is enough scope to increase yield more than
this by introducing semi-intensive /intensive culture, proper management and improved
technology of farming for the development of shrimp/prawn sector in Southwest Bangladesh
to boost up national productivity and foreign currency.
After the introduction of salinity control farming in southwest Bangladesh, Farmers are
cultivating more rice, vegetables and rearing cattle besides fresh water prawn culture instead
of brackish water shrimp.
Problems of coastal aquaculture in Bangladesh:
There are some problems in culture system in Bangladesh. These are:
1. Mangroves and Wetlands destruction: In Bangladesh relatively small mangrove area has
been converted to shrimp farms. Approximately 9734 ha of mangrove loss in the south-
eastern part have been directly attributed to shrimp culture.
2. Soil acidity: In ponds, developed in mangrove areas, highly pyretic soils are formed
resulting in high acid sulfate soil and aluminum concentrations in and around the farms.
Potential acidity causes severe stress for the cultured animals which makes them
susceptible to diseases or parasites and even death. In Bangladesh several shrimp disease
and production losses were linked to acid sulfate soils.
3. Salinization of soil and water: In the southwestern part of Bangladesh, the saltwater
intrusion has caused freshwater crisis and related gastrointestinal disease, loss of diversified
crops, poultry and fodders.

7. 5
4. Loss of fry and wild stock: In Bangladesh approximately 2,000 million shrimp fry is
collected annually from wild sources. Approximately 40% of the collected seeds died
before stocking in culture facilities due to poor handling and transportation.
5. Demand for fish meal, fish oil and trash fish for aquaculture: In Bangladesh shrimp
farmers traditionally use apple snail (Pila globosa) meat to fed farmed shrimp. As a results
P. globosa disappeared from many wetlands of southwestern region.
6. Socio-economic implications: The major cause of the social problems resulting from
shrimp aquaculture is lack of planning of coastal land use.
Conclusion:
We know that fisheries and marine aquaculture contribute 22% in Blue economy. So here is a
huge source to develop Blue economy sector of Bangladesh. If we increase marine species
production and invent new sustainable culture system then it also develops our economy as
well as GDP. Many people can lead their life on it. So, it is a huge prospect for Bangladesh.
Reference:
National Fisheries Week-2020
National fisheries Week-2019
Kalam Azad A., Kwei Lin C., Jensen R., (2008). COASTAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
IN BANGLADESH: UN-SUSTAINABLE AND SUSTAINABLE EXPERIENCe
Hussain M. G., Aftab Uddin S., (2019). Potential for development of Blue economy:Prospects and
Challenge of Mariculture in Bangladesh. Retrieve from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338345996
Ahmed N., Taparhudee W., (2010). Sea weed cultivation in Bangladesh: Problem and Prospects.
Retrieve from: t: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47378683
Ciddikur Rahman M., Abdus S., Fahat R., Monir H.,(2013). Presents status and potentiality of shrimp
in Banglaadesh. Retrieve from: : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261835805