This document discusses road safety impact assessments (RIAs), including challenges with quantifying their effects. It notes that while some countries have implemented RIAs, challenges remain around data, modeling, and cost-benefit analysis. The document outlines how RIAs work, including elements like defining the problem, analyzing impacts of alternatives, and comparing options. Quantification issues are highlighted, such as predicting traffic volumes and crashes. The role of engineers in informal RIAs is also discussed. Overall, the document argues that more international coordination is needed to address quantification problems and gain public support for RIAs.
This document provides a summary of an experienced civil engineer with over 25 years of experience in designing, constructing, and maintaining heavy infrastructure projects including railways, highways, and coastal structures. He has managed all stages of projects from feasibility studies through to construction and maintenance. He is currently a consulting civil engineer providing services for asset inspection and remedial works on civil projects.
03-Event Notification in VANET with Traffic Congestion Detection and Congesti...Sivaram P
The document discusses a proposed system using VANET to detect traffic congestion and disseminate events to avoid congestion. The system uses vehicles' on-board units and roadside units to communicate vehicle speed and location data. Roadside units monitor vehicle data to identify congestion based on low speeds. When detected, congestion notifications and information on alternate routes or nearby services are sent to succeeding vehicles via roadside units to help continue their travel. The paper aims to improve travel flow and reduce congestion through this event-driven VANET-based system of congestion detection and notification.
Safety: pedestrian crossing at road junction (Singapore)Francis Chu
This document discusses safety issues at traffic junctions and pedestrian crossings in Singapore. It provides examples of deadly accidents that have occurred and analyzes why certain junction designs can increase risks to pedestrians. Inspiration is drawn from designs in other cities like Tokyo, Kyoto, Hong Kong, New York, and Amsterdam that better separate pedestrians and vehicles or calm traffic to improve safety. Learning points are discussed on how to design junctions and crossings so that both road users can easily see each other to avoid conflicts.
Eurosain is devoted to saving lives through pertitent application of hazard control/elimination and risk management of existing or projects of roads/highways.The approach is compliant with the latest standards and codes, and applies to developed countries as well as underdeveloped or in development countries.
The document summarizes the forces involved in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when the Ottoman Empire conquered the city. It lists that the Ottoman commander was Mehmed II with 50,000-80,000 infantry and 130 ships. The Byzantine defenders were led by Constantine IX, Giovanni Giustiniani, and Loukas Notaras, with only around 8,000 infantry and 26 ships. The document also maps out the key locations and events of the Ottoman siege and eventual breach of the city's defenses, including how the Turkish fleet entered the Golden Horn and the Emperor's death at St. Romanus Gate.
Grammar is not a set of rules but rather a reflection of how a language is used at a particular time. Languages evolve naturally through people using sounds and words without predefined rules. While grammar provides a pattern or structure to a language, it is not fixed and all languages change over time as usage evolves. Understanding grammar helps with learning how to speak a new language correctly.
EC Chemistry (ECCH) journal publishes peer-reviewed open access articles in all the arenas of chemistry that includes inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, biological chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, industrial and engineering chemistry, nanochemistry, computational chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, phytochemistry and all the relevant topics. The journal desires to publish quality articles in all the thirst areas of chemistry.
This document provides a summary of an experienced civil engineer with over 25 years of experience in designing, constructing, and maintaining heavy infrastructure projects including railways, highways, and coastal structures. He has managed all stages of projects from feasibility studies through to construction and maintenance. He is currently a consulting civil engineer providing services for asset inspection and remedial works on civil projects.
03-Event Notification in VANET with Traffic Congestion Detection and Congesti...Sivaram P
The document discusses a proposed system using VANET to detect traffic congestion and disseminate events to avoid congestion. The system uses vehicles' on-board units and roadside units to communicate vehicle speed and location data. Roadside units monitor vehicle data to identify congestion based on low speeds. When detected, congestion notifications and information on alternate routes or nearby services are sent to succeeding vehicles via roadside units to help continue their travel. The paper aims to improve travel flow and reduce congestion through this event-driven VANET-based system of congestion detection and notification.
Safety: pedestrian crossing at road junction (Singapore)Francis Chu
This document discusses safety issues at traffic junctions and pedestrian crossings in Singapore. It provides examples of deadly accidents that have occurred and analyzes why certain junction designs can increase risks to pedestrians. Inspiration is drawn from designs in other cities like Tokyo, Kyoto, Hong Kong, New York, and Amsterdam that better separate pedestrians and vehicles or calm traffic to improve safety. Learning points are discussed on how to design junctions and crossings so that both road users can easily see each other to avoid conflicts.
Eurosain is devoted to saving lives through pertitent application of hazard control/elimination and risk management of existing or projects of roads/highways.The approach is compliant with the latest standards and codes, and applies to developed countries as well as underdeveloped or in development countries.
The document summarizes the forces involved in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when the Ottoman Empire conquered the city. It lists that the Ottoman commander was Mehmed II with 50,000-80,000 infantry and 130 ships. The Byzantine defenders were led by Constantine IX, Giovanni Giustiniani, and Loukas Notaras, with only around 8,000 infantry and 26 ships. The document also maps out the key locations and events of the Ottoman siege and eventual breach of the city's defenses, including how the Turkish fleet entered the Golden Horn and the Emperor's death at St. Romanus Gate.
Grammar is not a set of rules but rather a reflection of how a language is used at a particular time. Languages evolve naturally through people using sounds and words without predefined rules. While grammar provides a pattern or structure to a language, it is not fixed and all languages change over time as usage evolves. Understanding grammar helps with learning how to speak a new language correctly.
EC Chemistry (ECCH) journal publishes peer-reviewed open access articles in all the arenas of chemistry that includes inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, biological chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, industrial and engineering chemistry, nanochemistry, computational chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, phytochemistry and all the relevant topics. The journal desires to publish quality articles in all the thirst areas of chemistry.
Best Practices for Complementing Live Chat with a Virtual AssistantnoHold, Inc.
1) A virtual assistant is an artificial intelligence that can interact with users similar to a live chat, but without a human agent.
2) Using a virtual assistant alongside live chat can improve customer satisfaction, net promoter scores, first contact resolution rates, and reduce support costs.
3) The document provides best practices for complementing live chat with a virtual assistant such as offering the virtual assistant first, allowing escalation to a live agent, integrating chat logs, and offering live chat as an option through the virtual assistant.
The document discusses principles and practices for writing clean code, including:
- Clean code is code that is readable, writable, and maintainable. It focuses on the needs of human readers over the computer.
- Broken windows theory states that one piece of low-quality code leads to more as developers get used to a lower standard. This can lead to software rot and eventual system rewrites.
- Characteristics of rotting software include rigidity, fragility, immobility, and viscosity.
- Following principles like SOLID, DRY, Law of Demeter, and object calisthenics can help avoid rot and keep code clean.
- Practices like using self-document
GODAN: A solution, as a customizable dissemination gateway to agri-food resea...cthanopoulos
Presentation "A solution, as a customizable dissemination gateway to agri-food research information" in the workshop "Creating Impact with Open Data in Agriculture and Nutrition", in the framework of the GODAN initiative on Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition, 19/20 January 2015, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Early humans began migrating out of Africa around 100,000 years ago as the climate changed. They moved into Asia, Europe, and other regions. During ice ages, lower sea levels formed land bridges like the one between Asia and North America, allowing humans to migrate to new continents. As people explored different landscapes, they adapted by developing new tools, techniques for shelter and clothing, and domesticated animals. The Bering Strait theory suggests that early humans crossed into North America from Asia via the land bridge that used to exist between the two continents.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Spartan society was dominated by the military which was established by the Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus. Boys were trained from a young age to be soldiers, focusing on self-discipline and obedience. Women had an unusual amount of independence, owning property and controlling households since men were often away at war.
The document discusses a survey conducted by CADMUN students to determine the viability of selling CADMUN merchandise. The survey found that people would be willing to buy CADMUN products, pay $50-$100, and that cell phone cases were the most popular option. Based on this, the students decided to order 4 iPhone 5 cases to sell for $120 Mexican pesos each. They received 24 total orders for iPhone 4 and 5 cases, which will generate a $480 Mexican peso profit.
Adapting cities to climate variability and change bobBob Eko Kurniawan
This document discusses the challenges facing Jakarta, Indonesia due to climate change impacts like flooding and discusses strategies to address these challenges through community engagement and government support. Specifically, it outlines an approach to balance community empowerment initiatives through local risk action planning with the supportive role of local governments. This involves vulnerability assessments, technical assistance to communities, and integrating community risk plans into annual development planning processes.
Toward strengthening social resilience a case study on recovery of capture fi...Zulhamsyah Imran
This document discusses social resilience in fishing communities in Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami. It analyzes the role of indigenous institutions in recovering fisheries livelihoods and strengthening social resilience. The study examines a case study of fisheries recovery programs in Krueng Raya Bay. Indigenous leaders called Panglima Laot Lhok played an important role in governing fishing communities and facilitating aid distribution, helping to rebuild livelihoods. Collaboration between community organizations, government, and NGOs both strengthened and weakened social networks, impacting social resilience. The research assessed tsunami impacts on fisheries and analyzed the role of institutions in recovery efforts to support sustainable resource management.
The document summarizes the later peoples who inhabited the Fertile Crescent region after the Sumerians. It describes how Babylon rose to power under the leadership of King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC. Hammurabi expanded the Babylonian Empire through military conquest and established one of the earliest known legal codes containing 282 laws. Subsequent groups like the Hittites, Assyrians, and Chaldeans also came to dominate parts of Mesopotamia at different points in time, introducing new military technologies and cultural influences to the region.
Electro-Thermal and Semiconductivity Behaviour of Natural Sintered Complex Ca...Al Baha University
The electrical
conductivity (휎), thermal conductivity (퐾) and thermoelectric power coefficient (훼) have been investigated as a function of applied
temperature for the sintered ore materials. The electrical conduction is mainly achieved by free electrons near or in conduction
band or n-type. As the sintering temperature (푇s) increases the conduction of the ore is also increased due to the recombination
process taking place between the electrons and holes. Electrons hopping between Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the main charge carriers.The
formation of Fe3O4 at high sintering temperature acts as an active mineralizer, thus inducing an increased degree of crystallinity
and a more ordered crystal structure is produced.
GEOCAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS: A SURVEYijwmn
Geocast routing is considered to be advantageous in VANETs, as most of the safety applications are location-based and are relevant to a particular geographical area rather than individual vehicles. Hence, the geocast routing approach where data packets are delivered to a specific geographic area or zone of relevance has become an important research area among researchers and academicians. This article surveys the existing geocast routing protocols for the vehicular environment and compares them qualitatively based on various parameters. The pros and cons of each routing protocol are discussed. Certain directions for future research related to geocast routing protocols are also presented.
GEOCAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS: A SURVEYijwmn
Geocast routing is considered to be advantageous in VANETs, as most of the safety applications are
location-based and are relevant to a particular geographical area rather than individual vehicles. Hence,
the geocast routing approach where data packets are delivered to a specific geographic area or zone of
relevance has become an important research area among researchers and academicians. This article
surveys the existing geocast routing protocols for the vehicular environment and compares them
qualitatively based on various parameters. The pros and cons of each routing protocol are discussed.
Certain directions for future research related to geocast routing protocols are also presented.
An Introduction To Road Safety EngineeringAllison Koehn
Road safety engineering aims to create forgiving road environments through approaches like improved planning, design, and cost-effective treatments. Engineers can play a leading role by addressing inconsistencies that increase user difficulty and by implementing countermeasures with immediate effects. The safe system approach recognizes that crashes result from multiple human, vehicle, and road factors, so removing just one factor may prevent crashes.
2023-02-01-A novel Road User Safety Field Theory for traffic safety assessmen...akhileshakm
This document presents a novel Road User Safety Field theory for traffic safety assessment applying video analytics. The theory was developed based on a systematic review of traffic conflict literature and analysis of video data from four intersections. It aims to integrate crash severity estimation and account for heterogeneity in traffic environments and road users. The theory models the risk inherent in interactions between road users, vehicles, and the environment through a risk force that increases with proximity and accounts for change in momentum in a crash. A case study applying the theory to rear-end crash prediction found it significantly better than competing conflict-based models. The theory provides a comprehensive and adaptable method for modeling crash risk across contexts.
Best Practices for Complementing Live Chat with a Virtual AssistantnoHold, Inc.
1) A virtual assistant is an artificial intelligence that can interact with users similar to a live chat, but without a human agent.
2) Using a virtual assistant alongside live chat can improve customer satisfaction, net promoter scores, first contact resolution rates, and reduce support costs.
3) The document provides best practices for complementing live chat with a virtual assistant such as offering the virtual assistant first, allowing escalation to a live agent, integrating chat logs, and offering live chat as an option through the virtual assistant.
The document discusses principles and practices for writing clean code, including:
- Clean code is code that is readable, writable, and maintainable. It focuses on the needs of human readers over the computer.
- Broken windows theory states that one piece of low-quality code leads to more as developers get used to a lower standard. This can lead to software rot and eventual system rewrites.
- Characteristics of rotting software include rigidity, fragility, immobility, and viscosity.
- Following principles like SOLID, DRY, Law of Demeter, and object calisthenics can help avoid rot and keep code clean.
- Practices like using self-document
GODAN: A solution, as a customizable dissemination gateway to agri-food resea...cthanopoulos
Presentation "A solution, as a customizable dissemination gateway to agri-food research information" in the workshop "Creating Impact with Open Data in Agriculture and Nutrition", in the framework of the GODAN initiative on Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition, 19/20 January 2015, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Early humans began migrating out of Africa around 100,000 years ago as the climate changed. They moved into Asia, Europe, and other regions. During ice ages, lower sea levels formed land bridges like the one between Asia and North America, allowing humans to migrate to new continents. As people explored different landscapes, they adapted by developing new tools, techniques for shelter and clothing, and domesticated animals. The Bering Strait theory suggests that early humans crossed into North America from Asia via the land bridge that used to exist between the two continents.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Spartan society was dominated by the military which was established by the Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus. Boys were trained from a young age to be soldiers, focusing on self-discipline and obedience. Women had an unusual amount of independence, owning property and controlling households since men were often away at war.
The document discusses a survey conducted by CADMUN students to determine the viability of selling CADMUN merchandise. The survey found that people would be willing to buy CADMUN products, pay $50-$100, and that cell phone cases were the most popular option. Based on this, the students decided to order 4 iPhone 5 cases to sell for $120 Mexican pesos each. They received 24 total orders for iPhone 4 and 5 cases, which will generate a $480 Mexican peso profit.
Adapting cities to climate variability and change bobBob Eko Kurniawan
This document discusses the challenges facing Jakarta, Indonesia due to climate change impacts like flooding and discusses strategies to address these challenges through community engagement and government support. Specifically, it outlines an approach to balance community empowerment initiatives through local risk action planning with the supportive role of local governments. This involves vulnerability assessments, technical assistance to communities, and integrating community risk plans into annual development planning processes.
Toward strengthening social resilience a case study on recovery of capture fi...Zulhamsyah Imran
This document discusses social resilience in fishing communities in Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami. It analyzes the role of indigenous institutions in recovering fisheries livelihoods and strengthening social resilience. The study examines a case study of fisheries recovery programs in Krueng Raya Bay. Indigenous leaders called Panglima Laot Lhok played an important role in governing fishing communities and facilitating aid distribution, helping to rebuild livelihoods. Collaboration between community organizations, government, and NGOs both strengthened and weakened social networks, impacting social resilience. The research assessed tsunami impacts on fisheries and analyzed the role of institutions in recovery efforts to support sustainable resource management.
The document summarizes the later peoples who inhabited the Fertile Crescent region after the Sumerians. It describes how Babylon rose to power under the leadership of King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC. Hammurabi expanded the Babylonian Empire through military conquest and established one of the earliest known legal codes containing 282 laws. Subsequent groups like the Hittites, Assyrians, and Chaldeans also came to dominate parts of Mesopotamia at different points in time, introducing new military technologies and cultural influences to the region.
Electro-Thermal and Semiconductivity Behaviour of Natural Sintered Complex Ca...Al Baha University
The electrical
conductivity (휎), thermal conductivity (퐾) and thermoelectric power coefficient (훼) have been investigated as a function of applied
temperature for the sintered ore materials. The electrical conduction is mainly achieved by free electrons near or in conduction
band or n-type. As the sintering temperature (푇s) increases the conduction of the ore is also increased due to the recombination
process taking place between the electrons and holes. Electrons hopping between Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the main charge carriers.The
formation of Fe3O4 at high sintering temperature acts as an active mineralizer, thus inducing an increased degree of crystallinity
and a more ordered crystal structure is produced.
GEOCAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS: A SURVEYijwmn
Geocast routing is considered to be advantageous in VANETs, as most of the safety applications are location-based and are relevant to a particular geographical area rather than individual vehicles. Hence, the geocast routing approach where data packets are delivered to a specific geographic area or zone of relevance has become an important research area among researchers and academicians. This article surveys the existing geocast routing protocols for the vehicular environment and compares them qualitatively based on various parameters. The pros and cons of each routing protocol are discussed. Certain directions for future research related to geocast routing protocols are also presented.
GEOCAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS: A SURVEYijwmn
Geocast routing is considered to be advantageous in VANETs, as most of the safety applications are
location-based and are relevant to a particular geographical area rather than individual vehicles. Hence,
the geocast routing approach where data packets are delivered to a specific geographic area or zone of
relevance has become an important research area among researchers and academicians. This article
surveys the existing geocast routing protocols for the vehicular environment and compares them
qualitatively based on various parameters. The pros and cons of each routing protocol are discussed.
Certain directions for future research related to geocast routing protocols are also presented.
An Introduction To Road Safety EngineeringAllison Koehn
Road safety engineering aims to create forgiving road environments through approaches like improved planning, design, and cost-effective treatments. Engineers can play a leading role by addressing inconsistencies that increase user difficulty and by implementing countermeasures with immediate effects. The safe system approach recognizes that crashes result from multiple human, vehicle, and road factors, so removing just one factor may prevent crashes.
2023-02-01-A novel Road User Safety Field Theory for traffic safety assessmen...akhileshakm
This document presents a novel Road User Safety Field theory for traffic safety assessment applying video analytics. The theory was developed based on a systematic review of traffic conflict literature and analysis of video data from four intersections. It aims to integrate crash severity estimation and account for heterogeneity in traffic environments and road users. The theory models the risk inherent in interactions between road users, vehicles, and the environment through a risk force that increases with proximity and accounts for change in momentum in a crash. A case study applying the theory to rear-end crash prediction found it significantly better than competing conflict-based models. The theory provides a comprehensive and adaptable method for modeling crash risk across contexts.
Determination of road profile using multiple passing vehicle measurementsJennifer Keenahan
This paper proposes a novel method to determine road profiles using accelerations measured from passing vehicles. A direct integration algorithm is used to calculate the road profile from measured vehicle acceleration responses. The algorithm is combined with a Cross Entropy optimization method to determine profiles using data from multiple vehicles without prior knowledge of vehicle properties. Numerical simulations show the calculated profiles match the true profiles used to generate the simulated acceleration data.
Presentation on advance traffic engineering.pptxEtahEneji1
This presentation was done to fulfil the course requirement for the pursuit of my M. ENG on the course title: Advanced traffic engineering Course code : (CIV 8331).
Course Lecturer : ENGR. PROF H. M. AlHASSAN
Intelligent Bridge Seismic Monitoring System Based on Neuro Genetic HybridTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The natural disaster and design mistake can damage the bridge structure. The damage caused a severe safety problem to human.The study aims to develop the intelligent system for bridge health monitoring due to earthquake load. The Genetic Algorithm method in Neuro-Genetic hybrid has applied to optimize the acceptable Neural Network weight.The acceleration, displacement and time history of the bridge structural responses are used as the input, while the output is the damage level of the bridge. The system displays the alert warning of decks based on result prediction of Neural Network analysis. The best-predicted rate for the training, testing and validation process is 0.986, 0.99, and 0.975 respectively. The result shows the damage level prediction is agreeable to the damage actual values. Therefore, this method in the bridge monitoring system can help the bridge authorities to predict the health condition of the bridge rapidly at any given time.
This document is a resume for Md Firoz Mahmood Ovi summarizing his professional experience and qualifications. He has over 5 years of experience in transportation engineering and planning, with expertise in traffic simulation, spatial analysis, and data analysis tools. His most recent role was as a graduate research assistant developing collision prediction models and analyzing transportation policy. He holds an MASc in Civil Engineering from UBC and a BSc in Civil Engineering from Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology.
IRJET- A Review of Structural Health Monitoring and Auditing of Steel BridgeIRJET Journal
This document discusses structural health monitoring of steel bridges. It provides an overview of bridge deterioration issues, including corrosion and fatigue. Structural health monitoring can help assess bridge condition by providing quantitative data on structural behavior and defects. This allows engineers to identify damage, determine its location and severity, and evaluate remaining structural life. Several research papers on structural health monitoring and steel bridge failures are reviewed. The document concludes that structural health monitoring can help reduce maintenance needs and downtime by continuously assessing bridge performance compared to traditional visual inspections.
The document discusses road networks, including their functions and components. It reviews literature on road network concepts and Vision 2040, which outlines expectations for reliable, environmentally-friendly, and accessible road infrastructure. The document also examines road network operations, traffic management, and the role of road networks in social and economic development.
Security schemes based on conditional privacy-preserving vehicular ad hoc net...nooriasukmaningtyas
Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been garnering
significant inter-est from the people involved in transportation field.
Nowadays automotive manufactur-ers have already supplying vehicles with
multitude of road sensors that provides many useful characteristics. VANET
communication not only offers the drivers and passen-gers with the various
safety related services but also provides a wide range of valuable
applications. However, the inherent openness of the wireless communication
medium used by VANETs exposes vehicles to various security and privacy
issues. Researchers have proposed many security schemes to solve the issues
mentioned above for the widespread deployment of VANETs. However,
these schemes failed to fulfill all as-pects of security and privacy
requirements. Besides, these schemes have not provided the performance
parameters such as computation and communication costs. The pri-mary
emphasis of this paper is on the taxonomy of security schemes based
conditional privacy-preserving with respect to strengths and limitations.
Besides, a comparison be-tween these schemes related to the model of
security and privacy requirements, attacks, and performance parameters is
provided. Finally, this paper critically reviews the re-lated works by taking
into consideration the design and development of all VANETs security and
privacy schemes, this paper could serve as a guide and reference.
Vehicle Obstacles Avoidance Using Vehicle- To Infrastructure CommunicationIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication to avoid obstacles in vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The proposed model introduces infrastructure like base stations that vehicles can communicate with if a vehicle obstacle prevents direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication. When a vehicle moves out of range of other vehicles, it searches for the nearest base station to relay messages. The model analyzes factors like spacing between vehicles, vehicle speed and dimensions, infrastructure location, and uses a geocast routing protocol to transmit messages through vehicles and infrastructure. This approach provides an alternative communication method when vehicle obstacles block line-of-sight between vehicles.
The document analyzes the constructability of monorail projects. It defines constructability and discusses its benefits. It then provides definitions and examples of monorail systems. The document identifies factors that influence monorail constructability, such as project objectives, scope, and site information from the planning phase, as well as guideway layout, structure, and maintenance facilities from the design phase. It develops a framework to improve monorail constructability through a hierarchy of techniques and case studies.
The document summarizes a constructability analysis of a monorail project conducted by Bo Wang. It discusses constructability and its benefits, provides examples of existing monorail systems, and identifies factors that influence constructability in the planning, design, and construction phases of monorail projects. These factors include project objectives, scope, site information, guideway design, and construction methods. The analysis aims to develop techniques to improve constructability and implement them through the project life cycle.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
This CV summarizes the qualifications and experience of Yogesh V.K. He has over 18 years of experience in highway engineering projects in India. He holds an M.E. in Highway Engineering and a B.E. in Civil Engineering. He has managed highway design, traffic studies, accident analysis, pavement design, and construction management projects. Currently he is the Assistant Vice President at ARKITECHNO Consultants, where he is responsible for business development and oversight of highway projects in Southern India.
Final Presentation PPT for final years projectsarancbe2002
The document presents a proposed approach for efficient privacy-preserving authentication with insider attack resistance for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The approach combines Proof of Chain (PoC) and Causal Dependency mechanisms to address privacy concerns and resist insider attacks during authentication. Causal Dependency ensures proper message sequencing and reduces individual vehicle traceability while maintaining communication efficiency. The proposed method aims to balance security, privacy, and real-time communication in VANETs.
Cross Layer based Congestion Free Route Selection in Vehicular Ad Hoc NetworksIJCNCJournal
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new routing technique called CFRS-CP for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to reduce network congestion. The technique estimates congestion probability at each node based on factors like neighbor density, link quality, MAC overhead, and vehicle velocity. It then uses the estimated probabilities to select the least congested route for data transmission. Simulation results showed the proposed method decreases delay by 32% and improves packet delivery ratio by 30% and throughput by 45% compared to existing protocols.
CROSS LAYER BASED CONGESTION FREE ROUTE SELECTION IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKSIJCNCJournal
For creating a mobile network, the moving cars consider as nodes in the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
(VANETs). Each participating car is turned into a wireless router in the VANETs that allows the
connecting and creating a network. To improve the comfort and safety of driving of automotive users, the
vehicular environment system develops in the vehicular environment systems using the wireless access. The
channel congestion causes the degradation of quality of service in such cases with higher vehicle density.
The real-time and reliable communication is required for various safety applications of VANETs. The
dense traffic network has included one of the major challenges as avoiding the communication channels’
degradation. To provide the network with efficient operation, most of the studies are recommended to use
the appropriate congestion control methods. It’s important to note that many congestion control
mechanisms are not implemented for event-driven real-time safety messages. Based on the congestion
probability approach estimation, CFRS-CP-Congestion free route selection is introduced for minimizing
the total number of data flow packets that passing through the congested nodes. At each node, the
congestion probability is estimated using the proposed technique of CFRS-CP based on link quality, MAC
overhead, neighbour density & vehicle velocity. Then, the estimated congestion probability is used for
route assessment. The estimated probability value is appended to the control packets for comparison. All
the available routes are assessed based on the estimated congestion probability which results in congestion
free routing path for every round of data communication. The simulation results prove that the proposed
method decreases end to end delay by 32% and improves PDR up to 30% and throughput up to 45%
compared to the existing protocols.
Similar to Road safety impact assessment irf psarianos 2011 (20)
This document summarizes an analytical method for investigating three-dimensional stopping sight distance (SSD) adequacy. The method calculates SSD demanded based on vehicle dynamics in 3D environments and SSD available based on the driver's line of sight. It was tested on a 4.3km section of a divided highway with an underground tunnel. The investigation identified locations where SSD demanded exceeded SSD available, providing guidance to improve geometric design elements and ensure adequate SSD.
This document summarizes a symposium on freeway and tollway operations that discussed speed limits from planning, driver attitude, and research perspectives in Greece. It presented data on drivers' self-reported and observed speeds on Greek motorways, which found most drivers exceed the 120 km/h limit. Surveys found safety is the main reason drivers comply with limits, while being in a hurry is the top reason for exceeding limits. Researchers recommended considering engineering, economic, and drivers' choice factors when setting reliable speed limits.
The non geodetic surveying professional activitiesBasil Psarianos
The document discusses the role of non-geodetic professional expertise for university-educated surveyors in an emerging ambiguous and unsafe future for the profession. It outlines that traditional professional titles no longer have the same abstract meaning and that surveyors' profiles need redefining to establish an attractive global profession. It then provides examples of non-geodetic surveyors and their accomplishments in fields like archaeology, building, construction, environmental engineering, and town planning, demonstrating their success and high-level qualifications. The document concludes that embracing the full spectrum of surveying activities is vital for the profession.
1) The document provides guidelines for setting speed limits in Greece based on road design, conditions, and types of vehicles.
2) Key factors that influence the setting of speed limits include grade, curvature, sight distance, intersections, presence of pedestrians, accident history, roadside development, and specific sites like schools.
3) Advisory speeds are also recommended to warn drivers of potentially dangerous conditions like intersections with limited visibility or narrow bridges when exceeding the posted speed may be unsafe.
Presentation of traffic forecasting Irregularities found in the Athens metropolitan area in conjuction with the construction of the main motorway of Athens
This document summarizes research on the inaccuracies in transportation planning models' traffic forecasts that are used for major capital infrastructure decisions. It finds that forecasts are often inaccurate, with actual traffic volumes being significantly different than what was predicted.
It then examines factors that can contribute to these forecasting inaccuracies, such as uncertainties in inputs, model specification errors, and models not adequately accounting for things like induced demand and land use impacts.
The document presents a case study analyzing changes in land use and traffic patterns near the Attiki Odos motorway in Athens, Greece, finding that the new infrastructure project led to greater development and additional generated traffic beyond what was originally forecasted.
The document discusses road safety inspections (RSI). It describes the RSI process, including definitions, approaches, principles, and examples from Europe. RSIs involve formal inspections of roads and schemes to identify existing accident risks for all road users. Inspectors assess elements and propose safety measures. Photologging is highlighted as an efficient documentation method.
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
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Road safety impact assessment irf psarianos 2011
1. International Road Federation
Road Safety Impact Assessment
{ Quantification Challenges for Worldwide
Application
Basil Psarianos, Professor
National Technical University of Athens,
Greece
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011
2. Directive 2008/96/EC on Road Infrastructure Safety Management
ONLY for the Trans-European Road Network
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 2
3. Road
Road Safety
Road Safety Road Safety Network
Impact
Audits Inspections Safety
Assessment
Management
PROACTIVE
Road Safety Impact Assessment: A Proactive
Design Decision Process for Road Safety
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 3
4. Strategic Level of Decision Making for Road Design
and Planning
New Roads and Substantial Modifications of
existing Roads
Safety Implications of Design and Planning
Alternatives
Safe Route Planning
All Road Projects
Prerequisite for Approval of any Road Project
Safety Considerations associated with Alternative
selected
Cost-beneficial Component of Alternative
AIM of RIA for New & Old Roads
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 4
5. Elements of a road safety impact assessment:
(a) problem definition;
(b) current situation and ‘do nothing’ scenario;
(c) road safety objectives;
(d) analysis of impacts on road safety of the proposed alternatives;
(e) comparison of the alternatives, including cost-benefit analysis;
(f) presentation of the range of possible solutions.
Elements to be taken into account:
(a) fatalities and accidents, reduction targets against ‘do nothing’ scenario;
(b) route choice and traffic patterns;
(c) possible effects on the existing networks (e.g. exits, intersections, level
crossings);
(d) road users, including vulnerable users (e.g. pedestrians, cyclists,
motorcyclists);
(e) traffic (e.g. traffic volume, traffic categorization by type);
(f) seasonal and climatic conditions;
(g) presence of a sufficient number of safe parking areas;
(h) seismic activity.
RIA Content
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 5
6. Denmark
Germany
Finland
Lithuania
Netherlands
Portugal
Slovakia
RIA: An Old Story (more or less)
for some Members States
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 6
7. One Dimensional (Major Roadwork, Road Facility,
Reconstruction)
Engineering Judgment
Literature Review
Local Network Impact
C-B Analysis
Two Dimensional (Areal Level)
Baseline Situation (year 0)
Future Situation w/o Measures (Autonomous
Development)
Road Safety Alternatives
C-B Analysis
Optimization of Alternatives for best C-B ratio
Two Types of RIA
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Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 7
10. There is actually NO Safety!
Instead there is RISK
RISK (R) is a combination of Crash
Severity (SH) and its Probability (p):
R=SH*p or
R p(SH) d(SH)
Safety Impact Assessment
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 10
11. Different Sections and Characters (after H. Heinz)
A:Local Entrance Street
B:Local Entrance Street D:Central Square F:Local Entrance Street
C:Shopping Street E:Shopping Street G:Local Entrance Street
VII SEMINARIO
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 11
12. Can Someone define EXACTLY for each Section the
appropriate:
Design Speed?
Cross-Section?
Curvature?
Intersection Form and Type?
Equipment?
Traffic Characteristics?
ETC?
Safety Impact Assessment
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 12
13. Evidence-Based Road Safety:
The conscientious
and judicious use of
{ current best evidence
in providing
road safety for
individuals,
facilities, and
transportation
systems.
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 13
14. RISK LOSS
Number _ of _ Crashes Number _ of _ Victims
Roadsafetyimpact Exposure
Exposure Number _ of _ Crashes
Safety Impact Assessment
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 14
15. • E(λ)=Expected Number of Accidents
• Q=Traffic Volume for Major & Minor
Road
• β=Elasticity
• γi=Coefficients
• xi=Risk Factors
•
Usual Prediction Model
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 15
17. Accident Modification Factors (AMF)
Accident Modification Factor is a constant
or equation that represents the change in
safety following a change in the design or
operation of a facility.
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 17
18. Crash Reduction Factor: CRF
Crash Reduction Factor is a
constant that represents the portion
of crashes reduced as a result of a
safety improvement (e.g., add a left-
turn bay)Reduction location or
Crash at a specific Factor:
along a specific road segment.
CRF
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 18
19. CRF:
Nw
CRF 1
Nw / o
CRF = crash reduction factor associated with a specific improvement;
Nw = expected number of crashes with the improvement, crashes/yr;
and
Nw/o = expected number of crashes without the improvement,
crashes/yr.
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 19
30. By EZRA HAUER
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 30
31. By Ezra Hauer,
TRB 2011
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 31
32. By Ezra Hauer,
TRB 2011
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 32
33. By Ezra Hauer,
TRB 2011
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 33
34. Public Consensus: For Example Access
Management
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 34
35. Typical Example: people assess property
rights higher than road safety
Public consensus, ie is prohibition of property
access possible?
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 35
37. QUANTIFICATION
PROBLEMS
Knowledge Gap
Data Sets
Modelling
Calibration Factors
Statistical Evidence
Traffic Forecasting
CBA Weaknesses
RIA: Conclusions
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 37
38. Setup a Plan and Action
Program at International
/ EU and National / Local
Level to address the
quantification problems
of Road Safety Impact
Assessment and get the
public consensus for it!
RIA: Conclusions
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 38
40. Engineer’s Role in Informal
RIA Application
SAFETY: NOMINAL vs SUBSTANTIVE SAFETY i.e.
Guidelines vs Performance, or
Rhetoric vs Reality
FLEXIBILITY to make Professional Design Choices
AND Assuming Responsibility for them
PRACTICAL DESIGN
RIA: Conclusions
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 40
41. International Road Federation
Basil Psarianos,
Nat’l Tech. Univ. Athens, Greece
bpsarian@mail.ntua.gr
Providing Infrastructure that improves Road Safety
Bucharest, May 10-11, 2011 41