1. The Fall of Constantinople:
Map and numbers
Social studies for 10th EBG
Teacher: Mauricio Torres

2. OTTOMANS
• Commanders
• Mehmed II
• Infantry
• 50-80,000
• Navy
• 130 ships (aprox)
• Commanders
• Constantine IX
• Giovanni Giustiniani
• Loukas Notaras
• Infantry
• 8000 aprox
• Navy
• 26 ships
BYZANTINES
•Forces
The combatants in numbers

3. •Constantinople
1453

4. •Byzantine
defense

5. •Ottoman siege
positions.

6. •Kerkoporta
Gate through
which the
Ottomans
entered the city.

7. •Hagia Sophia
Thousands of
citizens seek
refuge there.

8. •Galata Fortress
Helped protect
the entrance to
the Golden
Horn.

9. •Theodosian
Walls
Main line of
defense against
a land invasion.

10. •Sea Chain
Iron chain
designed to
block the
entrance of the
Golden Horn to
avoid a sea
invasion.

11. •St. Romanus
Gate
Fortified
location from
which the
emperor fought.
He died there.

12. •Synthetized timeline
Major events: locate them on the map
Ottoman Siege
The Turks prepare for battle and test the defenses around the city.
Turkish fleet evades the “chain”
Mehmed s fleet is taken by land behind Galata into the Golden Horn.
The Byzantines are forced to cover the walls with more men, weakening the Theodosian Walls.
Giovanni Giustiniani is wounded
The morale of the Byzantine troops falls.
The Turks enter Constantinople
The enter through the Kerkoporta, and rush inside killing everyone on the way
The Emperor is killed at St Romanus
The Turks reach Hagia Sophia.
1
2
5
3
4
Massive Turkish assault
The Turks attack the Theodosian walls in a “all or nothing” maneuver
The Grand Duke, Loukas Notaras, hold the Blachernae Palace and the sea walls.