Risk management during start up and commissioning of super critical once thro...HIMADRI BANERJI
The Allowable Water and Steam Chemistry Regimes for Supercritical Units have been identified along with maximum deviations during start up and commissioning. This presentation gives guidelines for contracting norms to avoid damages.It is for the EPC Contractors in charge of construction of these units to understand the risks associated and design organizational skills both in technical and commercial areas to avoid major delays and damages.
Risk management during start up and commissioning of super critical once thro...HIMADRI BANERJI
The Allowable Water and Steam Chemistry Regimes for Supercritical Units have been identified along with maximum deviations during start up and commissioning. This presentation gives guidelines for contracting norms to avoid damages.It is for the EPC Contractors in charge of construction of these units to understand the risks associated and design organizational skills both in technical and commercial areas to avoid major delays and damages.
What services should a solar project developer expect from solar park & how much each service can be valued.
The ppt clears concept on value add by solar park.
A game changer in electrical generation with 12 to 14 % less polution and fuel consumption ! Aircraft regional ( short haul ) savings of 30 % reported.
Water Swirled In Gas Turbine - Water Swirled In Gas Turbine United States Patent 8,671,696 is available for mutual beneficial business interaction. GE , Shell and Siemens seem very interested with there people having spoken to me! What I heard is
1. Twelve % gas , fourteen% liquid up in fuel to electricity or mechanical energy output compared to combined cycle now in use !
2. Low capital cost combined cycle units, smaller and in greater numbers.
3. The efficiency of gas turbine electrical generator units 1 to 400 MW is nearly the same which would greatly reduce electrical distribution losses.
4. Use in transportation marine, train combined cycle gas turbines.
5. Fit in aircraft for fuel savings the number given me was 30 % for Inter-European use and 20% for Trans Atlantic.
Fukushima-Daiichi Learning from Experience: Nuclear Power RisksHIMADRI BANERJI
Himadri Banerji speaks on Nuclear Power Risk Management and Business Imperatives of Financing Nuclear Power Projects listed in the the brochure for 2nd Annual Nuclear Power conference, 21-24 June here in Singapore.Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant, along with issues on safety and radiation will also be addressed.
Steam boiler is a closed vessel in which heat produced by the combustion of fuel is utilized to generate steam from water, at desired temperature and pressure
Fouling, in technical language, it is the general term of unwanted material which is accumulating on surfaces, such as inside pipes, machines or heat exchanger.
Hello,
I am trying to explain about Steam Generator (Boiler) in this session, due to length of said presentation, I am deciding to divide it in three parts.
Part 1 cover the “Introduction & Types of Steam Generator”
Part 2 cover about the “Parts of Steam Generator and Its Accessories & Auxiliaries” and
Part 3 cover the “Efficiency & Performance”
Try to explain about the steam generator (boiler), it has three parts. Part 1 cover the types, part 2 about its parts & auxiliaries & accessories and part 3 about performance.
What services should a solar project developer expect from solar park & how much each service can be valued.
The ppt clears concept on value add by solar park.
A game changer in electrical generation with 12 to 14 % less polution and fuel consumption ! Aircraft regional ( short haul ) savings of 30 % reported.
Water Swirled In Gas Turbine - Water Swirled In Gas Turbine United States Patent 8,671,696 is available for mutual beneficial business interaction. GE , Shell and Siemens seem very interested with there people having spoken to me! What I heard is
1. Twelve % gas , fourteen% liquid up in fuel to electricity or mechanical energy output compared to combined cycle now in use !
2. Low capital cost combined cycle units, smaller and in greater numbers.
3. The efficiency of gas turbine electrical generator units 1 to 400 MW is nearly the same which would greatly reduce electrical distribution losses.
4. Use in transportation marine, train combined cycle gas turbines.
5. Fit in aircraft for fuel savings the number given me was 30 % for Inter-European use and 20% for Trans Atlantic.
Fukushima-Daiichi Learning from Experience: Nuclear Power RisksHIMADRI BANERJI
Himadri Banerji speaks on Nuclear Power Risk Management and Business Imperatives of Financing Nuclear Power Projects listed in the the brochure for 2nd Annual Nuclear Power conference, 21-24 June here in Singapore.Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant, along with issues on safety and radiation will also be addressed.
Steam boiler is a closed vessel in which heat produced by the combustion of fuel is utilized to generate steam from water, at desired temperature and pressure
Fouling, in technical language, it is the general term of unwanted material which is accumulating on surfaces, such as inside pipes, machines or heat exchanger.
Hello,
I am trying to explain about Steam Generator (Boiler) in this session, due to length of said presentation, I am deciding to divide it in three parts.
Part 1 cover the “Introduction & Types of Steam Generator”
Part 2 cover about the “Parts of Steam Generator and Its Accessories & Auxiliaries” and
Part 3 cover the “Efficiency & Performance”
Try to explain about the steam generator (boiler), it has three parts. Part 1 cover the types, part 2 about its parts & auxiliaries & accessories and part 3 about performance.
Check out our PPT on our company Makpower, leading Furnace Transformer Manufacturer in India you will get indepth information about our company "About us", "Manufacturing Process", "Products", "Clients", "Infrastructure" & "Contact" section. Click to visit our website: https://www.makpowerts.com/
Remaining life assessment of refinery furnace tubes using finite element methodBarhm Mohamad
Crude oil heater 9Cre-1Mo steel tubes from a refinery plant were studied, after 5 years of service at nominally 650 Cº and 3 bar, to predict their remnant lives. The investigation included dimensional, hardness and tensile measurements in addition to accelerated stress rupture tests between 650 Cº and 700 Cº and microstructural examination. Tube specimens were taken from two sections, the overheated side and the side which only saw the nominal operating temperature. The method employed involved the prediction of the increase in temperature with increasing sediment deposition during the operating life times using an FEM model. In addition the predicted temperatures are used to derive appropriate creep properties at relevant temperatures in a 3D pipe FEM creep analysis to predict the pipe deformation rate. All compare well with the actual service exposed pipe measurements and layer deposition. The overheated side revealed a small loss of creep strength in a stress rupture test. A layer of sediment (appr. 10 mm thickness) consisting basically of sintered carbon (coke) spread over the inside of the tube was acting as a thermal barrier causing the temperature to rise above 650 Cº. Analysis for the overheated side predicted an upper bound temperature of 800 Cº and a life of about 50 h suggesting that failure by creep rupture could occur rapidly in the sediment region.
Workshop on Plant Commissioning and Seamless Startup final.pdfHIMADRI BANERJI
Mr. Himadri Banerji a graduate of the prestigious
Indian Institute of Technology has over 35 years of
industry experience in Steel, Process and Thermal
Power Plants in India and Europe. After a stretch of 22
years in Tata Steel continued his career with such
illustrious companies as Rolls Royce, Torrent and
Reliance. His expertise includes planning, building,
testing, and start up and commissioning, besides
operating and maintaining Large Process Plants, Steel
Plants, Petrochemicals, Dyes and Paints, Cryogenic
Gases, Steam and Electric Power.
Mr. Banerji brings a diverse range of experience in
successful commissioning, having personally led start
up and commissioning teams for plants consisting of
large High Speed Rotary Equipment like Axial and
Radial Compressors, Steam and Gas Turbines, Water
Pumps, Temporary Power Solutions with Medium and
Large Diesel and Gas Engines, Static Systems like
Chemical Reactors, Air Separation Units, Process
Instrumentation and Control, CFBC, AFBC and PF
Steam Generators. His work also encompasses other
Plants like Water Treatment, Effluent Treatment
Plants, Reverse Osmosis and De-mineralising and Desalination
Plants.
He has also recently designed and implemented
chemical regimes for Control of Steam and Water
Cycle Chemistry during Start-up of Super-critical
Power Plants based on Union of the Electricity
Industry – EURELECTRIC guidelines an association of
the Electricity Industry within the European Union.
Dr Banerji regularly chairs and speaks at international
conferences and workshops on Procedures and
Systems for Managing Risk during Start-up and
Commissioning of plants. He has lectured widely in
various countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, India
Brochure on Two Day Workshop on Plant Commissioning and Seamless Start Up By ...HIMADRI BANERJI
Overview of the wokshop:
To gain practical insights into:
Redefining the responsibilities of various departments to ensure a flawless start-up.
Ensuring that safety measures are put in place to
ensure zero LTIs during commissioning and startup.
Benchmarking your commissioning practices
against previous commissioning and start-up experiences.
Acquiring risk management techniques for better
prediction of what can go wrong during the commissioning and start-up process and identify
and plan effective mitigation measures.
Accelerating the ROI of your plant through proper
planning and management of resources during the
commissioning process.
Capturing the essence of commissioning and startup
in Greenfield and Brownfield Scenarios.
Gas Turbines Failures Applications & Root Cause Analysis.pptxHIMADRI BANERJI
SUBJECT PRESENTED AS CLASS ROOM LECTURES FOR ASSTT ENGINEERS OF ELECTRIOCITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH
2014-2017
HIMADRI BANERJI
INTERNATIONAL EXPERT GAS TURBINES
The aims of the O&M of Gas Turbines Workshop is to share the experiences of our internationally renowned expert with an aim to prevent such incidents and also to examine the factors and opportunities to increase plant safety, environmental performance. And improve uptime and availability all factors contributing to higher profitability.
The workshop will also examine scheduled maintenance and turnarounds which are opportunities to increase plant safety and environmental performance. By enhancing the mechanical integrity of HPI facilities, operating companies can achieve and maintain higher uptime and equipment availability; all are factors that contribute to higher profitability. Best-of-class companies hold the mindset that reliability programs provide great benefits. Investing in new monitoring and conditioning systems, along with preventive maintenance and inspection programs, can optimize unit and total facility performance.
The development of dry low NOx (DLN) combustors for gas turbines has cut the industry's consumption of water, while dramatically slashing air emissions. Unfortunately, this environmental enhancement has created an engineering challenge: The lean-burning DLN combustors are prone to flame instability, which can cause pressure pulsations large enough to destroy the combustor, launching debris downstream where it annihilates other hot-gas-path components. To detect and correct flame instability before it causes millions of dollars of turbine damage, savvy users have begun to install advanced sensors and robust software that monitor the combustor dynamics in real time.
High dynamics can limit hardware life and/or system operability. Thus, there have been various attempts to control combustion dynamics, to prevent degradation of system performance. There are two basic methods for controlling combustion dynamics in an industrial gas turbine combustion system: passive control and active control. As the name suggests, passive control refers to a system that incorporates certain design features and characteristics to reduce dynamic pressure oscillations. Active control, on the other hand, incorporates a sensor to detect, e.g., pressure fluctuations and to provide a feedback signal.
Which, When suitably processed by a controller, provides an input signal to a control device. The control device in turn operates to reduce the dynamic pressure oscillations. The workshop will examine the factors and the issues associated with combustor dynamics, and technologies like AMFM/CFM.
Benefits ofAttending
• LEARN best and effective practices in operations and maintenance of Gas Turbine Based Power Plants
• LEARN how to write and use SOPs
• IMPROVE your plants’ energy efficiency and availability
• ACHIEVE productive and safe operation
• NETWORK with other power plant professionals
• RECEIVE practical information for your CAPEX and OPEX expenditure budget planning
• LEARN about strategic procurement of High Value Spares and insurance
Making Artificial Intelligence Work in Managing ChangeHIMADRI BANERJI
“Making Artificial Intelligence (AI) Work In Managing Change ” is a Capability Improvement webinar which has been stitched together by a two member team comprising of a Senior CEO level Oil Gas and Energy Sector business executive who in his professional career spanning over decades has led multiple projects in digital
transformation in decision support systems in top organizations in the country and abroad in the contexts of
competion and uncertainty and an a senior IT expert who has hands on experience in designing the
configurations of hardware and the associated software in Digital Transformations in various areas including
Data Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neural Networks for implementing state of the art Artificial
Intelligence Systems in the Silicon Valley.
Two Day Integrated Workshop on “AI and Machine Learning for
Business Transformation”
It is essential for the success of every organization to stay ahead of the rapidly changing market by having access to
reliable and trustworthy information. Across the AI world, AI challenges are being converted by innovators into
tomorrow's business opportunies.
Success in this environment will depend on the speed of analysis and decision making, addressing customer needs
upskilling workforces and geng the right person to work on the right opportunity.
This one-of-a-kind integrated AI workshop enables you to dive deep into new depths of understanding and insights
into how AI is transforming work in organizaons. This workshop will unlock the right Data-driven AI techniques
and opportunities for project implementation in your organization that will set your business apart.
The methodology and techniques which enable machines to mimic human behavior and nature
are known as artificial intelligence. Machine learning is a subset of AI which allows a machine to
automatically learn from past data without explicit programming.
Risk management in nuclear projects and strategy of small reactors [compatibi...HIMADRI BANERJI
This technical document on risk management as a tool for improving nuclear power
plant (NPP) operations is part of an ongoing project on management of NPP operations in a
competitive environment. The overall objective of this project is to assist the management of
operating organizations and NPPs in identifying and implementing appropriate measures to
remain competitive in a rapidly changing business environment.
Lng project risk and appraisal 2012 final 03092012HIMADRI BANERJI
LNG Terminal is the disruptive technology becoming the most popular solution for countries needing natural gas for their power, fertiliser and transport sectors. This presentation is to understand the Risk Management, Financing, and insurance issues connected with this industry
FSRU (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) LNG Terminal is the disruptive technology becoming the most popular solution for countries needing natural gas for their power, fertiliser and transport sectors. This presentation is to understand the Risk Management, Financing, and insurance issues connected with this industry
FSRU (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) LNG Terminal is the disruptive technology becoming the most popular solution for countries needing natural gas for their power, fertiliser and transport sectors. This presentation is to understand the Risk Management, Financing, and insurance issues connected with this industry
Managing Smart Grids, Power System Networks with Analytics HIMADRI BANERJI
Big Data is playing a significant role in managing effectively the data analytics requirement from the infrastructure arising out of smart grid implementation n T&D Utilities..The presentation looks at some of the major issues and initiatives.
Liquefied Natural Gas project risk and appraisal HIMADRI BANERJI
Fundamentals of the LNG business value chain and project and risk appraisal. This includes understanding the dynamics of the international LNG market covering the pricing mechanisms, regional and global market drivers, and the behaviour of importing and exporting countries, LNG trade flows, Asian LNG market and indexation mechanisms, various kinds of contracting structure, detailed understanding of derivatives and arbitrage opportunities.
Challenges in building the 21st century energy infrastructureHIMADRI BANERJI
Major Challenges in Building the 21st Century Energy Infrastructure are discussed. The concepts of Risk Management is introduced with subtlety in its impact on meeting such challenges. A treatise on project management with risk mitigation for infrastructure projects, Presentation taken from lectures on Infrastructure Capital Management delivered to the class of 2010-11 at IIM Ahmedabad,
Thermal coal upgradation and conversion in india ibc asia, jakarta april 25, ...HIMADRI BANERJI
PRIORITIES ON ENERGY GENERATION SECTOR ARE:Increased use of Advanced Fossil Fuel Technology, Promote CCT where coal is main stay fuel for Power Generation AND Reduce Atmospheric Pollution from Energy Generating Systems WHILE Ensuring energy security . India's initiatives in using the low rank coals like lignite, or the high ash coals are dicussed.
Clean Coal Technology:Indian Perspective by Himadri Banerji HIMADRI BANERJI
The clean coal technology (CCT) market is likely to see substantial spending over the next decade as governments and industry alike invest in R&D, installation, and operation in this growing market. The emergence of clean coal technologies has created market opportunities for equipment manufacturers and utilities. Presented here is the Indian perspective from the talk given at TREC STEP program on invitation from E&Y at REC Tiruchirapalli on 25th Jan 2012
World Class Manufacturing:Plant Start Up and Commissioning Procedure HIMADRI BANERJI
Essential Ingredient of World Class Manufactring is a procedure for plant start up and commissioning. It is observed that the maximm damage in the life of a plant occurs at start up and the remnant effect of this damage to life an be significant. This presentation 0f 180 slides takes the reader through a step by step procedure which if followed strictly can give a safe and risk free plant start up.
Start Up and Commissioning of Supercritical Power Stations: Risk Management P...HIMADRI BANERJI
Start Up protocols play a major part in risk management for modern Supercritical power plants especially during start-up and commissioning. EPC contractors must be alert to contract conditions set by owners and start up engineers on deviation of steam and water chemistry conditions especially.
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
In the Adani-Hindenburg case, what is SEBI investigating.pptxAdani case
Adani SEBI investigation revealed that the latter had sought information from five foreign jurisdictions concerning the holdings of the firm’s foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) in relation to the alleged violations of the MPS Regulations. Nevertheless, the economic interest of the twelve FPIs based in tax haven jurisdictions still needs to be determined. The Adani Group firms classed these FPIs as public shareholders. According to Hindenburg, FPIs were used to get around regulatory standards.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Commisioning of Supercritical Power Units: Risks to an EPC Contractor
1. Supercritical Units: Efficiency Advantage
Improvements in the efficiency of pulverized coal (P.C.) fired boiler/steam
turbine power plants have been pursued since the introduction of P.C. fired
boilers in the 1920’s.
This led eventually in the late 1960’s to the introduction of supercritical boilers
operating at about 570 Deg C (1060qF) superheat/reheat temperatures and 24
MPa (3400 psi) pressure for the steam.
Presently boilers with 300bar and 700 Deg C are being adopted for many of the
recent power plants.
Since at these pressures and temperatures there is no distinct differences
between the water and steam phases, no drums are required in the same.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 1
2. The new
generation of
power plants
operate at
Conventional steam pressures higher
power plants operate at a than the critical
steam pressures in the pressure.
range of 170 bar and 565
Deg C.
These are Subcritical These are
power plants. Supercritical
power plants.
The operating
pressures are in
the range of 230
to 265 bar. And
565 Deg C
The next generation of
power plants will
operate with Steam
Pressures in the range
of 300 bar and
630-
Temperatures 630-
700 Deg Centigrade.
These are the Ultra
Super Critical Power
Plants.
Plants.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 2
3. The lower part of the boiler furnace is arranged in a spiral
configuration such that the fluid path wraps around the boiler
as it travels up the furnace.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 3
4. Comparison of Allowable Stresses between Conventional and Advanced
Stainless Steel Tubes, Advanced CrMo Steel Pipes
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 4
5. Advantages of Oxygenated Treatment OT of Supercritical Boilers
The benefits from a once-through supercritical boiler on OT include:
• Lowering overall corrosion rates by forming a protective, double-oxide layer
with a controlled amount of oxygen present in the condensate (This protective
layer is considered to be more stable than the oxide layer formed using AVT.)
• Decreasing boiler chemical cleaning frequency due to reduced amounts of
iron transport and deposition
• Allowing quicker, cleaner start ups and reduced corrosion product transport
rates during cold and hot start ups
• Allowing boiler operation at lower pH with overall objective of minimizing
chemical costs
• Eliminating feeding, handling, and storage of oxygen scavenger products
6. EPC Contractor’s Chemistry Challenges
Most once-through supercritical boilers have been converted from
previously predominant AVT to OT, with new facilities almost
exclusively using OT.
all-
This chemistry change requires all-ferrous metallurgy in the feed
copper-
water train, and precludes copper or copper-based alloy feed water
heat exchangers in system design and bronze impellers in
condensate pumps and valve trims in the condensate system. This is
primarily the challenge to the engineering group og the EPC
contractor to ensure that this is strictly adhered..all steels contain
traces of copper and zinc.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 6
7. coal-
Shows the pressure drop history of a coal-fired supercritical plant in Japan that changed the water
chemistry from AVT to OWT in 1996.
After 7 years operation since the change, there has been no significant increase in pressure drop.
This plant has not required acid cleaning since the change, and no future cleaning
is planned.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 7
8. RISK MANAGEMENT
Plant Commissioning
SUPERCRITICAL UNITS: EPC CONTRACTOR’S CHEMISTRY CONTROL PARADIGM
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 8
9. EPC Contractor’s Chemistry Challenges
Some once-through supercritical boiler manufacturers have instituted penalties
against the allowable pressure drop during initial boiler performance testing, an
additional complication that may impact start up and commissioning activities.
These penalties are based on extended operation on all volatile treatment
reducing (AVT[R]) during start up and commissioning.
The reducing environment (negative oxidation reduction potential [ORP])
present when operating on AVT(R) may contribute to increased iron transport,
subsequently increasing the pressure drop through the boiler.
These pressure drop correction penalties will be fervently debated by the EPC
contractor during commissioning and challenged by both owners and plant
operators.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 9
10. WARRANTY IMPLICATIONS
Steam turbine suppliers are also setting limits, in the
equipment contract, on the number of hours a turbine can be
operated with out-of-specification chemistry. These limits are
typically listed in an action-level These limits are typically
listed in an action-level format where minor chemistry
excursions are allowable for predetermined time
periods without violating the equipment warranty.
up—
Steam Purity Limits During Start up— EPC
Once-
Contractor Recommendation for Once-Through
Boilers...usually one week
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 10
11. EPC Contractor’s Chemistry Challenges
During steam-side start up and commissioning, the EPC contractor is mostly
interested in main and reheat steam chemistry.
Table below lists EPRI recommendations for once-through boilers operating under
OT, including normal target value and action levels 1, 2, and 3.
Although recommendations listed in Table are
acceptable for targeted chemistry limits during
operation, EPC contractors would like to see the
table:
following two columns added to this table:
• Allowable chemistry excursions during
hot start up
• Allowable chemistry excursions during
cold start up
Feed Water Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010
11
12. What Are Action Levels 1, 2, 3
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
Lumpur 1st and 2nd Nov 2010 10/29/2010 12
13. EPC CONTRACTOR’S CHEMISTRY CONTROL PROGRAM
Start up chemistry guidelines should primarily focus on main steam chemistry
targets, including
cation conductivity: it warns of salts and acids that may cause turbine corrosion
silica : silicate scaling may contribute to turbine capacity and efficiency losses.
sodium: critical for avoiding corrosion because uncontrolled sodium hydroxide
concentrations are known to cause corrosion damage failures in boiler
tubes.
Targets for chlorides, sulphates, and organic compounds should be
deferred until the end of the commissioning cycle.
Degassed cation conductivity is the preferred conductivity to be
measured during commissioning since system air leaks are still
being discovered and sealed during the start up and commissioning
phase. The measurement of degassed cation conductivity will aid in
differentiating between air leaks and other contamination sources
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14. EPC Contractor’s Chemistry Challenges
The two most important parameters in Table are feed water cation
conductivity and pH.
Cation conductivity should be maintained below 0.15 µS/cm during
operation on OT. Normal pH range for feed water under OT is 8.0 to 8.5.
The EPC contractor is challenged with controlling
pH when feed water cation conductivity increases
to concentration levels listed in Table , action levels
1, 2, and 3 (≤0.3 µS/cm, ≤0.6 µS/cm, >0.6 µS/cm,
respectively).
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15. EPC Contractor’s Chemistry Challenges
The pH/conductivity relationship is crucial for once-through cycles on OT;
thus, the EPC contractor implements the chemistry control at its own risk.
Important issues to be addressed when implementing OT include:
• At what point during the start up and commissioning process should the
chemistry regime be switched from AVT to OT to prevent frequent switching back
and forth between a reducing and an oxidizing environment?
• What would be the “detrimental effects” of going from an oxidizing atmosphere to
a reducing (or close to reducing) atmosphere, for temporary periods?
• How can these “detrimental effects” be quantified and addressed during design
and equipment procurement?
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16. Stringent steam quality limits implemented by steam turbine
suppliers, boiler manufacturers have tightened limits on feed water
chemistry.
Yet EPC contractor requires standards to be relaxed during
commissioning to permit timely unit start up.
The challenge also is in determining the appropriate time to switch
from AVT to OT
Once cation conductivity levels are stable below 0.15 µS/cm,
EPRI recommends operation on OT with oxygen injection in a
pH range of 8.0 to 8.5. EPRI guidelines also state that oxygen injection
into feed water may continue with pH controlled between 9.2 and 9.6
µS/cm µS/cm.
and cation conductivity between 0.15 µS/cm and 0.3 µS/cm. However,
µS/cm,
at cation conductivity levels greater than 0.3 µS/cm, EPRI recommends
that oxygen injection be terminated and AVT resumed. Upsets in
cation conductivity may lead to serious corrosion problems if oxygen
is continuously fed during upset conditions.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
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17. Comparison of Start-up Systems
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19. The turbine bypass system was designed to minimize the start-up
time by controlling the main steam pressure and temperature before
turbine rolling, and enabling the steam to flow through the super
heater sections at a short time after light-off.
The low-load recirculation system was designed to recover residual
heat during start-up by circulation of the un-evaporated water from
the furnace back to the economizer inlet, which also can assist in
reducing start-up time.
As this system is automatically operated, the start-up process is as
simple as with a natural circulation (NC) boiler.
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20. EPC Contractor Guidelines on Feed Water Chemistry
Startup
Start up Steam Chemistry Limits
Turbine Rolling Continued AVT(O)
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21. Turbine Rolling Continued
Balance of Commissioning Period Chemistry Limits
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22. Operation Guidelines with AVT R and AVT O
AVT(R) Feed water Chemistry Control Guidelines
AVT(O) Feed water Chemistry Control Guidelines
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23. Suggested Start up Feed water Chemistry
Guidelines for Once-Through Cycles Without Deaerators
Once-
Practical start up chemistry guidelines should be established by
consensus among the turbine manufacturer, boiler manufacturer,
and EPC contractor early on in project development and outlined
in equipment contracts.
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
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24. ROLE OF CONDENSATE POLISHERS
DURING COMMISSIONING
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25. Once-through supercritical boilers are commonly installed with
full-flow
condensate polishers to control corrosive impurities concentration
in condensate and feed water systems.
The presence of impurities in feed water will
significantly affect feed water chemistry, potentially
exceeding boiler supplier feed water limits and
turbine supplier steam purity specifications.
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Plant Commissioning Kuala
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26. Impurities shaken loose during start up may cause a chemistry hold, where
plant load increases are temporarily halted until these impurities are
removed from the system.
For a once-through supercritical boiler, impurities are removed exclusively
by condensate polishers subsequent to chemical cleaning and boiler flush.
Once impurities are removed, the chemistry hold is lifted and the plant is
allowed to continue to ramp up to full load without exceeding allowable
boiler or turbine chemistry limits.
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27. Steam and Water Analysis System (SWAS) shall be furnished for continuous
monitoring and control of water and steam purity in the plant cycle
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29. EPC Contractor Responsibility includes that Chemistry limits are before, during
and after once-through supercritical boilers commissioning
• Control system component cleanliness during shop fabrication
• Control system component cleanliness during construction
• Flush system components prior to start-up
• Implement stringent water quality requirements for hydro testing
• Perform boiler and feed water system chemical cleaning
• Flush system components thoroughly following chemical cleaning
• Perform steam blows to obtain steam cycle cleanliness
• Implement time-based, progressively improving feed water and steam
chemistry targets
Dr. Himadri Banerji:Conference on
Plant Commissioning Kuala
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