This document provides an overview of super-critical thermal power plants. It discusses how they work using a supercritical Rankine cycle with once-through boiler technology. Key advantages are noted as higher efficiency and lower emissions compared to subcritical plants. Challenges include material limitations and increased maintenance costs. A case study of Adani Power's first supercritical plant in India is presented. The conclusion discusses the technology's benefits and potential for replacing conventional plants. Future development of ultra-supercritical plants with even higher pressures and temperatures is also mentioned.

1. “SUPER-CRITICAL THERMAL
POWER PLANT”
Presented By:-
Tatyaso S. Kadam
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Prof. P. D. Khaire
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PUNE-48

2. CONTENTS:
 Introduction
 Working
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Case Study
 Conclusion
 Future scope
 references
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3. INTRODUCTION:
Power plants using conventional fossil fuels supply more than
70% of the total world's electricity production.
Problems of the traditional methods of coal combustion.
Necessity of developing new methods for avoiding the
problems.
It is obvious that the Supercritical coal fired power plant
technology is one of the major options for high-efficiency,
low-emissions power generation.
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4. Working of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant:
Figure: Basic working of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant.
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5. Rankine Cycle Supercritical Unit
 1 - 2 > CEP work
 2 – 2s > Regeneration
 2s - 3 > Boiler Superheating
 3 – 4 > HPT expansion
 4 – 5 > Reheating
 5 – 6 > IPT & LPT Expansion
 6 – 1 > Condenser Heat
rejection

6. COMPARISION OF SUPER CRITICAL & SUB CRITICAL
DESCRIPTION SUPERCRITICAL
(660MW)
SUB-CRITICAL
(500MW)
Circulation Ratio 1 Once-thru=1
Assisted Circulation=3-4
Natural circulation= 7-8
Feed Water Flow Control -Water to Fuel
Ratio
(7:1)
-OHDR(22-35 OC)
-Load Demand
Three Element Control
-Feed Water Flow
-MS Flow
-Drum Level
Latent Heat Addition Nil Heat addition more
Sp. Enthalpy Low More
Sp. Coal consumption Low High
Air flow, Dry flu gas loss Low High

7. Continue..
DESCRIPTION SUPERCRITICAL
(660MW)
SUB-CRITICAL
(500MW)
Coal & Ash handling Low High
Pollution Low High
Aux. Power
Consumption
Low More
Overall Efficiency High
(40-42%)
Low
(36-37%)
Total heating
surface area Reqd
Low
(84439m2)
High
(71582m2)
Tube diameter Low High

8. SUBCRITICAL AND SUPERCRITICAL STEAM CYCLE WIT
ONE REHEAT:
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Figure:Supercritical Rankine Cycle(Ref.-3

9. WORKING OF ONCE THROUGH BOILER :
Figure :Supercritical Rankine Cycle(Ref.-4)
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 When all the water flowing through
the walls get converted into steam in
one circulation, it is called as ‘Once
through Boiler .’

10. DESIGN FEATURES:
 Capacity- 400 MW or larger .
 Capacity of steam output- From (252 kg/s) to more than
(1260 kg/s).
 Operating pressure-Usually 24.1 MPa higher pressures
available .
 Superheater steam temperatures- 595deg.C range.
 Fuel: Pulverized coal.
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11. ADVANTAGES:
 High Thermal Efficiency.
 Environment Friendly.
 less per MW infrastructure investments
 Shorter start-up time
 less water consumption
 Lower fuel cost per unit of power.
 Much reduced NOx, SOx and particulate emissions.
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12. CHALLENGES OF SUPERCRITICAL
TECHNOLOGY:
 Maintenance of tube leakage is difficult due to complex design.
 Materials Limitation.
 High levels of corrosion.
 More feed pump power is required
 Increased supervision and maintenance costs.
 More complicated to operate.
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13. CASE STUDY:
 Adani Power Limited:
 started as a power trading company 1996.
 It is India's first company to achieve the supercritical
technology.
 country's 1st supercritical unit of 660 MW on 22 December
2010.
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14.  The company currently operates five supercritical boiler f 660 MW
each (as per March 2012) at Mundra Gujarat & One 660 MW out of
05 units at Tirora, Maharashtra.
 The Mundra super mega project is the largest coal based power
project of India and fifth largest in the world.
 Adani Power Limited is ranked 334 in top companies
in India in Fortune India 500 list of 2011
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15. CONCLUSION:
 Finally we can say that the supercritical thermal power plant are
more efficient, clean and safe overall environment.
 Due to techno-economic benefits along with its environment-friendly
cleaner technology more and new power plants are coming-up.
 If conventional 5GW power generation capacity is replaced by SC or
USC technology, between 1 and 2 Mio tons of coal can be saved ever
year (approximately 30-60Mio USD/Year).
 If SC & USC power generation technology is to become one of the
preferred choice in new power plant construction, it has to become
economic against the alternative technologies such as subcritical
coal-fired conventional power plants and NG-fired CCGT power
plants.
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16. FUTURE SCOPE:
 Ultra-Supercritical power plant.
 Ultra-supercritical units:
 Higher steam pressure and temperature than supercritical units
 Japan: Main steam pressure >242 Bar, or Steam temperature >593
℃
 Demark: Main steam pressure >275 Bar
 China: Main steam pressure >270 Bar
 USA (EPRI) : Main steam temperature>593 ℃
.
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17. REFERENCES:
 Miro R. Susta, “Supercritical and Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants”,
POWER-GEN ASIA, 2004
 Andreas Senzel, Dr. Frank Cziesla, Dr. Jurgen Bewerung “Lünen –
State-of-the Art Ultra Supercritical Steam Power Plant Under
Construction”,POWER-GEN EUROPE,2009
 Shane Hough, “Supercritical Rankine Cycle”,2009,3-4
 J.W. Smith, “Babcock & Wilcox Company Supercritical (Once
Through) Boiler Technology”,May 1998
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