Risk assessment and management involves five key steps: 1) identifying hazards, 2) deciding who might be harmed, 3) evaluating risks and precautions, 4) recording findings, and 5) reviewing assessments. A typical risk assessment process first identifies hazards like trench collapse, then evaluates who may be harmed (pipe layers), assesses risks, decides on controls like trench boxes, records findings, and reviews assessments during monitoring. Risk management aims to reduce likelihood and consequences of risks through analysis, treatment, and ongoing monitoring and review to control risks.
2. Outline
2
• Objectives of Risk Assessment and Management
• Definition of Risk
• Definition of Assessment and Management
• Risk Analysis Framework
• Five Steps to Risk Assessment
• Typical Example of Risk Assessment Process
• Definition of Risk Management
• Phases of Risk Management Process
• Typical Example of Risk Management Process
• Failure of Risk Management (A Short Video Clip)
• Summary
• Acknowledgments
3. Objectives of Risk Assessment and Management:
3
Control
of Risk
Analysis
of Risk
Detection
of Risk
5. Definition of Risk
5
What is
A chance of losses The possibility of
unfortunate occurrence
Occurrence of
economic loss
Probability of
something happening
that is unwanted and
unavoidable without
precaution
6. Typical Example of Risk
6
Safety risk
Asset loss
or damage
Reputation
al Risk
Financial
risk
Risk
Operational
risk
Environmental
risk
9. Definition of Assessment and Management
9
• Evaluation or estimation of the
nature, quality, or ability of someone
or something.
• E.g. Risk assessment, Educational
assessment
Assessment
• Process of dealing with or controlling
things or people.
• E.g. Risk management, Financial
management
Management
11. Definition of Risk Assessment
11
The overall process of hazard
identification, failure
estimation, data gathering
and risk determination.
What is Risk Assessment
12. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
12
Identify the hazard
Decide who might be harmed
Evaluate the risks and decide on the precautions
Record the findings and put them into place
Review the risk assessment
13. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
13
Step 1: Identify the hazard
Walk around your workplace and look at what could
reasonably be expected to cause harm.
Ask your employees what they think. They may have
noticed things that are not immediately obvious to you.
Check manufacturers data sheets for chemicals and
equipment as they may identify hazards.
Look over accident books as they may contain information
not immediately obvious to you.
14. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
14
Step 1: Identify the hazard
Late risk identification
Source: quality-one.com
15. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
15
Step 1: Identify the hazard
Early risk identification
Source: quality-one.com
16. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
16
Step 1: Identify the hazard
Six Dimensional Hazard Identification
Source: www.ask-ehs.com
17. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
17
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed
❖ For each hazard, you need to be clear about
who might be harmed
❖ Don't just think about those carrying out the
task.
❖ If the task creates dust or fumes, that could
spread to other workers nearby.
Consider:
-The worker or
operators
-Adjacent workers
-Visitors
-Other occupants
-Members of the public
18. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
18
Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on the precautions
Can I get rid
of the hazard
altogether?
If not, how
can I control
the risks?
Provide welfare facilities (eg first aid and
washing facilities)
Issue personal protective equipment (eg
clothing, footwear, goggles)
Organise work to reduce exposure (eg put
barriers)
Prevent access to hazard (eg by guarding)
19. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
19
Step 4: Record the findings and put them into place
A proper check was made
You asked who might be
affected
You dealt with the obvious
significant hazards
You involved your staff/their
representatives in the process
20. Five Steps to Risk Assessment
20
Step 5: Review the risk assessments
Any significant
changes
Any
improvements
that still need to
be made
Have your
workers spotted
anything?
Have you learnt
from accidents?
21. Typical Example of Risk Assessment Process
21
Identify the
hazard • Deep drainage excavation in bad ground
Decide who
might be
harmed
• Pipelayers in trench
Evaluate risks
and decide on
precautions
• High risk of collapse
• Use steel trench drag box
Record the
findings • Fill the risk assessment sheet.
Review risk
assessment
• Monitor site operations and modify risk
assessment where necessary.
Project: Underground Piping
23. Definition of Risk Management
23
The practice of risk evaluation, action
recommendation, implementation and monitoring to
reduce or eliminate the risk situation
24. Phases of Risk Management Process
24
Risk
Management
Risk
Analysis
Risk
Treatment
Monitor
and
Review
25. Phases of Risk Management Process
25
Analyse inherent
risk
What is the likelihood and consequence of a risk
event if it were to occur in an uncontrolled
environment?
Identify and
evaluate controls
What existing controls are in place to address the
identified risk and how effective are these controls?
Analyse residual
risk
What is the likelihood and consequence of a risk
event if it were to occur in the current control
environment?
Phase 1: Risk analysis
26. Phases of Risk Management Process
26
Phase 1: Risk analysis
Risk
Condition
Action
Extreme
/ High-Risk
Serious danger. Immediate action
required in this type of risk
Medium Risk
Moderate danger. Action as soon as
possible to implement controls to
reduce the risk to as low as
reasonably practical
Low Risk
It may range from minor to negligible
danger. Assess if further action can be
taken.
27. Phases of Risk Management Process
27
Phase 1: Risk analysis
28. Phases of Risk Management Process
28
Phase 1: Risk analysis
29. Phases of Risk Management Process
29
Phase 1: Risk analysis
30. Phases of Risk Management Process
30
Phase 1: Risk analysis
31. Phases of Risk Management Process
31
Phase 1: Risk analysis
Likelihood of risk impact = σ𝑖=1
𝑛
𝐿𝑖
Consequence of risk = σ𝑖=1
𝑛
𝐶𝑖
Risk = σ𝒊=𝟎
𝒏
(𝑳𝒊 × 𝑪𝒊)
Jin H, Batta R. (1984)
32. Phases of Risk Management Process
32
Phase 1: Risk analysis
Typical Likelihood Scale:
Level Likelihood Description
4 Very likely Happens more than once a year
3 Likely Happens about once a year
2 Unlikely Happens every 10 years or more
1 Very unlikely Has only happened once
Typical Consequence Scale:
Level Consequence Description
4 Fatality Financial losses greater than $50,000
3 Major injuries Financial losses between $10,000 and $50,000
2 Minor injuries Financial losses between $1000 and $10,000
1 Negligible injuries Financial losses less than $1000
33. Phases of Risk Management Process
33
Phase 2: Risk treatment
• Deciding not to proceed with the
activity that introduced the
unacceptable risk
Avoid the risk
• Implementing a strategy that is
designed to reduce the likelihood or
consequence of the risk
Reduce the risk
• Implementing a strategy that shares or
transfers the risk to another party or
parties
Share or transfer
the risk
• Making an informed decision that the
risk rating is at an acceptable level or
that the cost of the treatment is low
Accept the risk
34. Phases of Risk Management Process
34
Phase 3: Monitor and review
• Ensuring that controls are effective and efficient
in both design and operation
• Obtaining further information to improve risk
assessment
• Analysing and learning lessons from risk events
• Identifying emerging risks.
35. 35
Typical Example of Risk Management Process
Project: Underground Piping
Risk Risk Analysis
Risk
Treatment
Monitoring
High risk of
collapse
Likelihood Consequence Action
Accept the
risk Regular
monitoring to
ensure the
effectivenessVery likely Major injuries High
Install steel
trench drag
box
37. Failure of Risk Management (A Short Video Clip)
37
Banani (Bangladesh) FR Tower Fire Tragedy:
Source: www.youtube.com
38. Summary
38
The goal of risk management is to take corrective
actions to reduce the impact and likelihood.
The impact can be reduced by controlling the sources
from which they arise and instituting limits to the
exposures.
There are some risks that cannot be either eliminated
or transferred and must be absorbed by the
organization.
To manage the risks, we have to establish a good
bondage between all team members.
Risks are not always negative and it is an
opportunity to develop a project in a better way
with good outcome.