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Half-wave Rectifier
Bi-phase Rectifiers
Bridge Rectifiers
Operation of  Bridge Rectifiers (cont.)
Operation of  Bridge Rectifiers
Summary of Types Of Rectifiers using non-Ideal Diode(Silicon) Type of rectifier Half-wave Bi-phase (Centretap) Bridge Rectifier 1 Output Peak (V p (out) ) 2 Output Average(V AVG ) 3 Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) 4 Output Frequency(f) Equal Input Frequency Double Input Frequency Double Input Frequency
Summary of Types Of Rectifiers using Ideal Diode Type of rectifier Half-wave Bi-phase (Centretap) Bridge Rectifier 1 Output Peak (V p (out) ) 2 Output Average(V AVG ) 3 Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) 4 Output Frequency(f) Equal Input Frequency Double Input Frequency Double Input Frequency
For Full Wave Rectifier With Capacitance Input Filter Note: f is the output frequency
Series Diode Clippers Series Negative Clipper Series Positive Clipper
Parallel Diode Clippers Parallel Negative Clipper Parallel Positive Clipper
Biased Diode Clippers Biased Negative Clipper Biased Positive Clipper
Biased Double-Diode Clippers
Positive Clamper
Negative Clamper
Biased Clamper
Zener Diode 08. How does the zener impedance affect the voltage across the terminals of the device? 9. (a) shows the original circuit. (b) Zener diode represented using the second approximation. What is the max and min I Z  and V Z ? 10. This is a typical loaded voltage regulator. Do you know the value of I Z ?
BJT Schematic Symbols NPN  PNP
BJT Biasing
BJT Biasing NPN Biasing PNP Biasing
Common Emitter
Common Emitter ,[object Object]
Common Collector
Common Base
Configuration Characteristics
Current Gain ,[object Object],[object Object],(Cont.)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Gain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Gain ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ratio of dc collector current to dc emitter current,   DC  (Common Base Mode) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
DC Equivalent of a BJT
Output Characteristics
Cutoff
 
Midpoint Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
Base Bias
Base Bias R B
Base Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current and Voltage Analysis
 
BE CE CB BE CE CB V V V V V V      0
In the active region (not operating in saturation or cutoff) The collector circuit acts as a current source with a high internal impedance.
Base Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Eg : (Cont.)
 
Base Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DC Load Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Base Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current and Voltage Analysis
 
BE CE CB BE CE CB V V V V V V      0
In the active region (not operating in saturation or cutoff) The collector circuit acts as a current source with a high internal impedance.
Base Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Eg : (Cont.)
 
Voltage Divider Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
Current and Voltage Analysis
The dc load line ,[object Object]
DC Load Line
Eg
DC Load Line for Voltage Divider Bias
Emitter Bias ,[object Object]
Emitter Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Emitter Bias ,[object Object]
Emitter Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Collector Feedback Bias ,[object Object]
Collector Feedback Bias ,[object Object],[object Object]
Collector Feedback Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collector Feedback Bias ,[object Object]
Collector Feedback Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collector Feedback Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],C C CC CE DC B BE CC C R I V V R R C V V I      
01/24/11 6- Summary Basic AC  h -parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
01/24/11 6- Complete  h -parameter equivalent circuit
Common emitter h-parameter equivalent circuit 01/24/11 6- ~ h ie h re V out h fe  I b   h oe V out I b E C B
Approximate hybrid equivalent circuit 01/24/11 6- h ie h fe  I b   V out I b E C B
Approximate hybrid equivalent circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],01/24/11 6-
Common-Emitter Fixed Bias Configuration 01/24/11 6- V I V 0 _ _ Z in Z 0 I I I o
01/24/11 6- Summary Basic AC  h -parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
01/24/11 6- Complete  h -parameter equivalent circuit
Common emitter h-parameter equivalent circuit 01/24/11 6- ~ h ie h re V out h fe  I b   h oe V out I b E C B
Approximate hybrid equivalent circuit 01/24/11 6- h ie h fe  I b   V out I b E C B
Approximate hybrid equivalent circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],01/24/11 6-
Common-Emitter Fixed Bias Configuration 01/24/11 6- V I V 0 _ _ Z in Z 0 I I I o
Equivalent Circuit 01/24/11 6- R B R C Input Output B E C
01/24/11 6- AC equivalent circuit v out v in i in i out R B h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C Z i Z 0 I b I C
Z i  and Z 0  (Input Impedance and Output Impedance) 01/24/11 6- i in i out R B h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C Z i Z 0
Voltage Gain A V 01/24/11 6- V 0 I C i out R B h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C
01/24/11 6- V i i out R B h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C I b V 0
01/24/11 6- The negative sign in the resulting equation for  A V  reveals that a 180 o  phase shift occurs between the input and output signals.
Current Gain A i 01/24/11 6- Assuming
Eg: Find Z in ,   Z 0 , A i  and A v 01/24/11 6- R B  = 330k  R C  = 2.7k   h fe =120 h ie =1.175k  h oe =20  A/V
Voltage Divider Bias ,[object Object],[object Object],01/24/11 6-
01/24/11 6- R 1 R 2 R 3 Input Output B E C
01/24/11 6- R p R 3 Input Output B E C i b i in i out *R P  = R 1  // R 2
01/24/11 6- AC equivalent circuit v in v out R p h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R 3 i in i out i b
Z i  and Z 0 01/24/11 6- i in i out R p h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C Z i Z 0 R P  = R 1  // R 2
A V 01/24/11 6- V 0 I C i out R p h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C
01/24/11 6- V i i out R p h ie h fe i b 1/h oe R C I b V 0
01/24/11 6-
A i 01/24/11 6-

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