This document provides a review of retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the importance of retrofitting aging infrastructure. The introduction discusses how factors like natural disasters, overloading, and corrosion can damage concrete structures over time.
The body of the document then explores various retrofitting methods in detail. It defines retrofitting as upgrading existing structures with new technologies or components. Different retrofitting techniques for concrete members are described, including concrete jacketing, carbon fiber reinforced polymer jacketing, steel jacketing, and steel caging. The literature review summarizes several studies that experimentally tested strengthening concrete beams using various fiber reinforced polymer and hybrid fiber techniques. In general, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the need for
Comparison on Repair and Strengthening Techniques for Unreinforced Masonry St...IJERA Editor
Masonry structures are estimated to include more than 70% of the residential unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) in the world. The structures are highly vulnerable to earthquake shaking which leads to unacceptably many losses, even in moderate earthquakes. Most of the losses are gave rise to by failure of masonry structures. As destruction of the masonry structures is usually not possible owing to several factors, this increases the question if the buildings had better to be retrofitted. Therefore, comparative study on repair and retrofitting methods safety of masonry structure has important advantages and drawbacks. This paper aims to investigate into repair and strengthening methods of masonry structures, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we presented most suitable seismic retrofitting methods for unreinforced masonry structures considering efficiency and economic problems. It has been show that surface treatment methods and Re-pointing are more preferable for unreinforced masonry structures owing to their low cost as well as a no requirement for high working capacity.
presentation on the seismic retrofitting definition and its types. four main types are included base isolation mass dampers jacketing and shear wall and conclusion.
Comparison on Repair and Strengthening Techniques for Unreinforced Masonry St...IJERA Editor
Masonry structures are estimated to include more than 70% of the residential unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) in the world. The structures are highly vulnerable to earthquake shaking which leads to unacceptably many losses, even in moderate earthquakes. Most of the losses are gave rise to by failure of masonry structures. As destruction of the masonry structures is usually not possible owing to several factors, this increases the question if the buildings had better to be retrofitted. Therefore, comparative study on repair and retrofitting methods safety of masonry structure has important advantages and drawbacks. This paper aims to investigate into repair and strengthening methods of masonry structures, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we presented most suitable seismic retrofitting methods for unreinforced masonry structures considering efficiency and economic problems. It has been show that surface treatment methods and Re-pointing are more preferable for unreinforced masonry structures owing to their low cost as well as a no requirement for high working capacity.
presentation on the seismic retrofitting definition and its types. four main types are included base isolation mass dampers jacketing and shear wall and conclusion.
REHABILITATION/RETROFITING OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ALONG WITH CASE STUDYcivej
The construction material mainly concrete is being used extensively for various types of construction
projects. However, the deterioration of Reinforced Concrete structures is recognized as a major problem
worldwide. Apart from requiring regular maintenance, many structures require extensive
Repair/Rehabilitation/Retrofitting. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, we find in them
certain degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking, splitting,
delaminating, corrosion etc. Such deteriorated structures can be rehabilitated and retrofitted by using
various types of admixtures & modern repair materials. The paper brings out the present state of concrete
structures & the major areas where improvement is needed during its service life stage for sustainable
development & also the method of carrying out Repair/Rehabilitation/Retrofitting.This has been brought in
details in the paper along with Case study, where the Author of the paper was directly involved in planning
and execution of job.
EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON REINFORCED CONCRETE MULTISTORY BUILDING FROM ECONOM...IAEME Publication
This paper aims at studying the effect of earthquake loading on the constructional
design of a 20-storey reinforced concrete residential building from economical point
of view. This type of loading should be taken into considerations now in Iraq
especially after the earthquake of 7.3 magnitude that occurred in November 2017 near
the city of Halabja by about 31 kilometers. The same reinforced concrete multistory
building was designed twice; once with traditional gravity dead and live loading and
the second with adding earthquake loading in order to discuss the difference from
structural and economical points of view. A commercial package ETABS2018 was
used to analyze this 60-meter-high building. The building was analyzed according to
the American code ASCE7-10, while it was designed according to ACI 318-14. A huge
increase in the steel reinforcement amounts in columns, beams, slabs and shear walls
were recorded due to taking the seismic load into considerations. More specifically,
the reinforcing steel amounts increased by about 327%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for
columns, beams, slabs and shear walls, respectively. Therefore, cost was raised by
about 328%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for columns, beams, slabs and shear walls,
respectively. It is worth to mention here that the maximum increase in main
reinforcement of beams was observed on the storey 10. Whereas, in slabs, the
maximum increase that was recorded in main steel reinforcement was happened from
the storey 8 to the building top. In columns, the main reinforcement increase was seen
on the 9th, 10th and 11th storeys. Finally, in shear walls, the main reinforcement
increase was seen in the 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
storey due to effect lateral shear forces
REHABILITATION/RETROFITING OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ALONG WITH CASE STUDYcivej
The construction material mainly concrete is being used extensively for various types of construction
projects. However, the deterioration of Reinforced Concrete structures is recognized as a major problem
worldwide. Apart from requiring regular maintenance, many structures require extensive
Repair/Rehabilitation/Retrofitting. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, we find in them
certain degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking, splitting,
delaminating, corrosion etc. Such deteriorated structures can be rehabilitated and retrofitted by using
various types of admixtures & modern repair materials. The paper brings out the present state of concrete
structures & the major areas where improvement is needed during its service life stage for sustainable
development & also the method of carrying out Repair/Rehabilitation/Retrofitting.This has been brought in
details in the paper along with Case study, where the Author of the paper was directly involved in planning
and execution of job.
EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON REINFORCED CONCRETE MULTISTORY BUILDING FROM ECONOM...IAEME Publication
This paper aims at studying the effect of earthquake loading on the constructional
design of a 20-storey reinforced concrete residential building from economical point
of view. This type of loading should be taken into considerations now in Iraq
especially after the earthquake of 7.3 magnitude that occurred in November 2017 near
the city of Halabja by about 31 kilometers. The same reinforced concrete multistory
building was designed twice; once with traditional gravity dead and live loading and
the second with adding earthquake loading in order to discuss the difference from
structural and economical points of view. A commercial package ETABS2018 was
used to analyze this 60-meter-high building. The building was analyzed according to
the American code ASCE7-10, while it was designed according to ACI 318-14. A huge
increase in the steel reinforcement amounts in columns, beams, slabs and shear walls
were recorded due to taking the seismic load into considerations. More specifically,
the reinforcing steel amounts increased by about 327%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for
columns, beams, slabs and shear walls, respectively. Therefore, cost was raised by
about 328%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for columns, beams, slabs and shear walls,
respectively. It is worth to mention here that the maximum increase in main
reinforcement of beams was observed on the storey 10. Whereas, in slabs, the
maximum increase that was recorded in main steel reinforcement was happened from
the storey 8 to the building top. In columns, the main reinforcement increase was seen
on the 9th, 10th and 11th storeys. Finally, in shear walls, the main reinforcement
increase was seen in the 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
storey due to effect lateral shear forces
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.