The respiratory system includes the nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, and alveoli. It is divided into a conducting zone and respiratory zone. The conducting zone brings air to the lungs and removes debris, while the respiratory zone, including alveoli, is where gas exchange occurs between inhaled oxygen and exhaled carbon dioxide through thin alveolar walls and surrounding capillaries.

1. GROUP-7:
Respiratory system
Group Members:
Md. Rakibul Islam id: 191-29-1474
Maruf hossain jony Id: 191-29-1511
Md. Faysal ahmad Id: 191-29-1519
Md. Mustafizur Rahman id: 191-29-1504
Tamanna Akter id: 191-29-1548
Feana Tasmim Nowrin id: 191-29-1524
Mst. Sharmin Akter id: 191-29-1389

2. RESPIRATORY ORGAN:
Nose & Nasal Cavities
Paranasal sinuses.
Pharynx.
Larynx.
Trachea.
Bronchus
Alveoli
lung
Diaphragm

3. STEP INVOLVED IN RESPIRATION:
Pulmonary ventilation.
External respiration.
Transport of respiration gases.
Cellular Respiration.
Internal respiration.

4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
The organs of the respiratory system
are divided into the conducting zone
and respiratory zone.
CONDUCTIVE ZONE:
Conducting zone includes the organs and
structures of respiratory system.
FUNCTION OF
CONDUCTING ZONE:
Provide a route for incoming an
Remove debris and pathogens from
incoming air.
Warm and humidify the incoming air.
Helps in sensing odors
Metabolize airborne carcinogens.

5. PARTS OF CONDUCTIVE
ZONE:
Nose
*Nostrils
*Nasal Cavity
Paranasal sinuses.
Pharynx.
Larynx.
Trachea.

6. NOSE:
The human nose is more than just a flap of flesh and cartilage on the
front of the face.
The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system is through the
nose.
It is divide it into two major sections: the external nose, and the nasal
cavity or internal nose.
The external nose consists of the surface and skeletal structures.
It consists: root, bridge, dorsum nasi, ala, apex and philtrum.
The two openings in the nose care called nostrils, or napes.
They lead to two nasal cavities that are separated by the septum, a
wall of cartilage.
The human nose can smell over 1 trillion of scents.

7. PARANASAL SINUSES:
Several bones that help form the
wall of the nasal cavity have air-
containing spaces called the
paranasal sinuses.
FOUR PARANASAL SINUSES:
*Maxillary sinuses.
*Frontal sinuses.
*Sphenoid sinuses.
*Ethmoid sinuses.

8. THE PHARYNX:
*Nose pharynx.
*Oropharynx.
*Laryngopharynx.

9. THE LARYNX:
* This is our voice box.
* Made 9 specially shaped
cartilages.
* Three large cartilage pieces:-the
thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and
cricoid cartilage.
* The thyroid cartilage consists of
the laryngeal prominence.
* Three smaller , paired cartilages
are: the arytenoids , corniculates
and cuneiforms.

10. TRACHEA (THE WINDPIPE):
*Extends from the larynx and
the lungs.
*16-20 stacked, C – shaped
pieces of hyaline cartilage.
*connected by dense
connective tissue.

11. LUNGS:
Spongy organs.
Right lung divided into 3 part &
the left is 2.
Divided part called lobes.
Inhaled air by trachea.
Has many bronchi.
Surrounded by a membrane
called pleura.

12. RESPIRATORY ZONE:
The respiratory zone includes
structures that are directly
involved in gas exchange.
The respiratory zone begins where
the terminal bronchioles join a
respiratory
Bronchiole, the smallest type of
bronchiole. This bronchiole then
leads to an alveolar
Duct and opening into a cluster of
alveoli.

13. ALVEOLI:
Alveoli is called the alveolar sac.
The next branch after the bronchioles is
called the alveolar duct.
An alveolus is approximately 200 μm in
diameter with elastic walls.
Made of simple squamous epithelial
cells.
connected to their neighbors by
alveolar pores.
The alveolar wall consists of three major
cell types: type I alveolar cells , type II
alveolar cells, and alveolar
macrophages.

14. GAS EXCHANGE:
The function of the respiratory system is
to exchange two gases: oxygen and
carbon dioxide. The exchange takes place
in the millions of alveoli in the lungs and
the capillaries that envelop them. As
shown below, inhaled oxygen moves from
the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries,
and carbon dioxide moves from the blood
in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli.