The document discusses the human respiratory system and the process of respiration. It describes the major organs involved, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. It explains that the respiratory system allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through the processes of inspiration and expiration. The document also outlines some common respiratory diseases and disorders like asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia.

1. PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
EXCHANGE OF GASES
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

2. What is Human Respiration?
 The human respiratory system allows one to
obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide.
 Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration
and expiration
 Inspiration- the process of taking in air
 Expiration- the process of blowing out air

3. Human Respiratory System
Figure 10.1

4. Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity
warms, moistens, & filters air as it is
inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx
the voice box, where vocal chords are
located
trachea (windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs
bronchi
two branches at the end of the trachea,
each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading from
the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
the functional respiratory units in the lung
where gases are exchanged

5. Components of the Upper
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2

6. Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
 Passageway for respiration
 Receptors for smell
 Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign
material
 Moistens and warms incoming air
 Resonating chambers for voice

7. Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3

8. Lower Respiratory Tract
 Functions:
 Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food
and air appropriately, assists in sound production
 Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
 Bronchi: branch into lungs
 Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

9. Gas Exchange Between the Blood
and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A

10. Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

11. http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf

12. Measurement of Lung Capacity
Figure 10.10A

13. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung
tissue

14. Four Respiration Processes
 Breathing (ventilation): air in to and out of
lungs
 External respiration: gas exchange
between air and blood
 Internal respiration: gas exchange
between blood and tissues
 Cellular respiration: oxygen use to produce
ATP, carbon dioxide as waste