Respiratory Pharmacology: Chapter 7 Presentation
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This document summarizes various respiratory medications including expectorants like guaifenesin and Robitussin, antihistamines like fexofenadine and Allegra, and antitussives like hydrocodone and Hycodon. Expectorants make coughs less congested but do not treat the underlying cause. Antihistamines block the effects of histamine to prevent allergy symptoms. Antitussives relieve the urge to cough. Each drug is described with its active ingredients, brand names, uses, and potential side effects. References are also provided.
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Chapter 7 respiratory system pharmacology
The document summarizes information about several medications used in the respiratory system:
- Allegra is an antihistamine that works by blocking histamine to relieve symptoms of allergies such as sneezing and itchy eyes. Side effects can include cough and stomach upset.
- Hycodan is an antitussive containing hydrocodone and homatropine to suppress coughs caused by colds. It should only be used short-term due to risk of overdose and side effects like nausea.
- Flonase is a corticosteroid nasal spray used to reduce inflammation in the nose from conditions like sinusitis or polyps. It has minimal side effects like a burning sensation or dryness in
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This document summarizes information about four respiratory medications: Mucomyst (acetylcysteine), Ventolin (albuterol), and Hycodan (hydrocodone and homatropine). It provides details on the generic and brand names, uses, and common side effects of each medication. Mucomyst is used to treat lung diseases by thinning mucus, Ventolin is a bronchodilator used for asthma and COPD symptoms, and Hycodan combines hydrocodone and homatropine to suppress coughs as well as relieve pain. All medications require a prescription and can cause side effects like nausea, dizziness, and constipation.
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This document discusses drugs used for respiratory infections. It describes three types of medications: antibiotics like Cipro which kill bacteria, antihistamines like Allegra which block histamine during allergies, and antitussives like Hycodan which relieve coughing. Cipro treats bacterial infections by stopping bacterial growth but not viruses. Allegra works by blocking histamine in allergic reactions. Hycodan contains hydrocodone to suppress coughing and homatropine as an anticholinergic. All drugs can cause side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, nausea and constipation.
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This document summarizes several medicines used to treat gastrointestinal issues. Entox P contains attapulgite and is used to treat diarrhea by collapsing water content in the large intestine. Lomotin contains atropine sulfate but should not be given to heart patients due to potential side effects like increased heart rate. Buscopan Plus contains hyosine butylbromide and paracetamol but can cause allergic reactions with symptoms like shortness of breath, wheezing, and rash. Imodium contains loperamide hydrochloride and common side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, gas, and nausea. Motillium contains domperidone 10mg and is used to treat
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This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of cough. It begins by describing cough as a protective reflex mechanism and identifies the main types as productive or dry. It then classifies drugs that can induce cough and those used to treat it, including antitussives to suppress the cough center, mucolytics to reduce mucus viscosity, and adjuvants like antihistamines and bronchodilators. Specific drugs are discussed for each category, noting their mechanisms of action, effects, side effects, and appropriate uses. Non-pharmacological approaches like hydration, steam inhalation are also mentioned. The summary emphasizes treating the underlying cause while providing symptomatic relief through suppressing cough, reducing mucus, or opening airways.
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Recommended
Chapter 7 respiratory system pharmacology
The document summarizes information about several medications used in the respiratory system:
- Allegra is an antihistamine that works by blocking histamine to relieve symptoms of allergies such as sneezing and itchy eyes. Side effects can include cough and stomach upset.
- Hycodan is an antitussive containing hydrocodone and homatropine to suppress coughs caused by colds. It should only be used short-term due to risk of overdose and side effects like nausea.
- Flonase is a corticosteroid nasal spray used to reduce inflammation in the nose from conditions like sinusitis or polyps. It has minimal side effects like a burning sensation or dryness in
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This document discusses drugs used for respiratory infections. It describes three types of medications: antibiotics like Cipro which kill bacteria, antihistamines like Allegra which block histamine during allergies, and antitussives like Hycodan which relieve coughing. Cipro treats bacterial infections by stopping bacterial growth but not viruses. Allegra works by blocking histamine in allergic reactions. Hycodan contains hydrocodone to suppress coughing and homatropine as an anticholinergic. All drugs can cause side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, nausea and constipation.
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This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of cough. It begins by describing cough as a protective reflex mechanism and identifies the main types as productive or dry. It then classifies drugs that can induce cough and those used to treat it, including antitussives to suppress the cough center, mucolytics to reduce mucus viscosity, and adjuvants like antihistamines and bronchodilators. Specific drugs are discussed for each category, noting their mechanisms of action, effects, side effects, and appropriate uses. Non-pharmacological approaches like hydration, steam inhalation are also mentioned. The summary emphasizes treating the underlying cause while providing symptomatic relief through suppressing cough, reducing mucus, or opening airways.
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Respiratory System Pharmacology
The document discusses three medications used to treat respiratory conditions: Mucomyst, Allegra, and Flonase. Mucomyst is a mucolytic that breaks down mucus to make it easier to cough up. Allegra is an antihistamine that blocks the release of histamine during allergic reactions. Flonase is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and swelling in the respiratory tract.
Copd and respiratory stimulants
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. The two main forms are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is often caused by cigarette smoking and air pollution. Symptoms include morning coughs, shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue, and chest pain. Treatments include stopping smoking, using bronchodilators and corticosteroids, and antibiotics to prevent infections. Combination therapies may also be used.
Autacoids, Histamine and Antihistaminic agents
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20.cough, histamines
Cough is a protective reflex caused by stimulation of sensory nerves in the respiratory tract mucosa. It serves to expel respiratory secretions induced by infections or irritants like smoke. There are three main types of drugs used to treat cough - expectorants to increase mucus secretion and thinning, mucolytics to break up thick mucus, and antitussives/cough suppressants to reduce cough reflex. Antihistamines work by blocking the H1 receptor and antagonizing the effects of the chemical histamine, which is involved in allergic responses. First and second generation antihistamines are used to treat allergic diseases by reducing symptoms like itching, as well as other conditions involving histamine release such as
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Histamine is produced by basophils and mast cells during immune responses. It binds to H1-H4 receptors, causing effects like vasodilation, bronchioconstriction, and increased gastric acid. Anaphylactic shock results from severe drops in blood pressure and impaired breathing from vasodilation and bronchioconstriction. Epinephrine is used to treat it. Antihistamines compete with histamine at receptors to treat allergies and other conditions. Antitussives suppress coughing through opioid or non-opioid mechanisms. Decongestants stimulate alpha receptors to constrict nasal passages. Expectorants thin mucus to make coughing up secretions easier.
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Bio 120- ch 7 presentation D Parker
This document discusses different types of respiratory medications. It provides examples of antibiotics, antihistamines, and decongestants that are commonly used to treat respiratory issues. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, antihistamines block the effects of histamine during allergic reactions, and decongestants work to reduce stuffiness by shrinking blood vessels in the nasal passages. The document also gives brief overviews of specific drugs for each category, including their classifications, actions, forms, and potential side effects.
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This document reviews different types of mucoactive drugs used to treat respiratory diseases involving mucus hypersecretion. It discusses expectorants like hypertonic saline, guaifenesin, and ion channel modifiers that increase mucus secretion. It describes mucoregulators like carbocysteine, anticholinergics, and glucocorticoids that regulate mucus production and the inflammatory process. It also covers mucolytics such as N-acetylcysteine, dornase alfa, and gelsolin that break down components of mucus to reduce viscosity. The review provides details on the mechanisms and clinical applications of these various classes of mucoactive medications.
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This document provides a classification of various types of drugs used in pharmaceutical chemistry. It discusses topical drugs, gastrointestinal tract drugs, cardiovascular drugs, respiratory drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, psychopharmacologic agents, central nervous system drugs, analgesic/anti-pyretic/anti-inflammatory drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and diuretic drugs. For each drug class, it lists some examples of specific drugs used to treat diseases within each system. The document is written by Dr. L. Sakthi Kumar and provides information on drug classification to understand how medicines work to treat different medical conditions.
Salmeterol and fluticasone
This document discusses the combination drug salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (Advair Diskus) which is used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by fluticasone reducing airway inflammation while salmeterol acts as a long-acting bronchodilator to open the airways. The drug is indicated for asthma in patients 4 years and older and to reduce COPD exacerbations. Dosages vary based on age and maximum dosage is listed. Contraindications include acute asthma/COPD episodes. Common side effects involve the eyes, lungs and skin. More serious effects can impact the heart, brain and gastrointestinal system.
The respiratory system
The document describes the respiratory system and its purpose and key organs. The purpose is to provide oxygen to body cells and remove carbon dioxide. Key organs include the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura, diaphragm and lungs. It also discusses gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli and the relationship between respiration and digestion through cellular respiration.
Bronchodilator drugs
Bronchodilator drugs work by relaxing the muscles in the airways to open breathing passages. There are three main types of bronchodilators: beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, anticholinergic bronchodilators, and xanthine derivatives. Each works through a different mechanism to dilate the bronchial airways. Common side effects among the drug types include dry mouth, headache, nausea, and difficulty breathing. Nurses monitor patients' vital signs and educate them on proper inhaler use when prescribing bronchodilators.
Antihistamine (Loratadine)
This document discusses antihistamines, which are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine released during allergic reactions. Histamine causes symptoms like runny nose and itching. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine from binding to receptors. Common uses include treating allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives, and insect bites. First generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness while second generation drugs like loratadine are less sedating. Loratadine is prescribed for allergies and hives, with dosages varying based on age. It has the advantage of not causing drowsiness like other antihistamines.
Respiratory system
Cough is a protective reflex that expels secretions or particles from the airways. Antitussives suppress the cough center in the central nervous system and reduce cough reflex. Opioids like codeine and non-opioids like dextromethorphan are common antitussives. Expectorants increase bronchial secretions to facilitate removal of mucus while coughing. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and constriction. Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and corticosteroids are used to treat asthma. Salbutamol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist that causes bronchodilation. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and prevent exacerbations.
Antitussives &and expectorants
Cough syrups are commonly used to treat coughs. They contain active ingredients like dextromethorphan or codeine which suppress cough reflexes. People should follow dosage instructions carefully and not take cough syrups for more than a week without consulting a doctor.
Research on SLGTN
The document describes a study that assessed patients' knowledge of using sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (SLGTN) tablets to treat angina before and after receiving counseling. The study found that patients had poor baseline knowledge of how to properly use SLGTN tablets, but their knowledge significantly improved after receiving counseling from pharmacists. The results suggest that patient education is important for ensuring proper use of SLGTN tablets to manage angina.
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Copd and respiratory stimulants
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These are substances produced by a wide variety of cells in the body, having strong biological activity. Autacoids generally act locally at the site of synthesis and release. So they have also been called ‘local hormones’. They have short duration of action. They usually exert their action at the site of inflammation, lesion and injury.
The autacoids also differ from circulating hormones in that they are produced by many tissues rather than in specific endocrine glands.
The classical autacoids are— Ex.
Histamine, Serotonin
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Cough is a protective reflex caused by stimulation of sensory nerves in the respiratory tract mucosa. It serves to expel respiratory secretions induced by infections or irritants like smoke. There are three main types of drugs used to treat cough - expectorants to increase mucus secretion and thinning, mucolytics to break up thick mucus, and antitussives/cough suppressants to reduce cough reflex. Antihistamines work by blocking the H1 receptor and antagonizing the effects of the chemical histamine, which is involved in allergic responses. First and second generation antihistamines are used to treat allergic diseases by reducing symptoms like itching, as well as other conditions involving histamine release such as
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This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of cough. It defines cough and describes the cough reflex mechanism. It classifies drugs for treating cough into categories - antitussives to suppress cough, expectorants to increase mucus secretion, and mucolytics to reduce mucus viscosity. Specific drugs discussed include codeine, dextromethorphan, guaifenesin, acetylcysteine, and bromhexine. Adjuvant treatments like antihistamines, bronchodilators, steam inhalation and hydration are also covered. The document emphasizes treating the underlying cause of cough and provides a targeted treatment approach based on the cause.
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Histamine is produced by basophils and mast cells during immune responses. It binds to H1-H4 receptors, causing effects like vasodilation, bronchioconstriction, and increased gastric acid. Anaphylactic shock results from severe drops in blood pressure and impaired breathing from vasodilation and bronchioconstriction. Epinephrine is used to treat it. Antihistamines compete with histamine at receptors to treat allergies and other conditions. Antitussives suppress coughing through opioid or non-opioid mechanisms. Decongestants stimulate alpha receptors to constrict nasal passages. Expectorants thin mucus to make coughing up secretions easier.
Steroids ent
Corticosteroids readily diffuse into cells and bind to receptor proteins, forming complexes that reduce inflammation by decreasing cytokine production and cellular responses. This process takes approximately 3 hours to have a clinical effect. Intravenous steroids are used for emergencies to gain an hour over oral administration, while oral steroids are preferred for long-term use. Intramuscular depot injections last 3 weeks, intranasal steroids treat local nasal issues with low systemic exposure, and topical ear drops treat external ear conditions. Systemic steroids through various routes of administration treat various inflammatory and allergic conditions.
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This document discusses cough suppressants and expectorants. It describes how cough is either productive in expelling secretions or nonproductive and should be suppressed. It then covers the mechanisms of cough and different types of drugs used to treat cough, including demulcents, expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, and antihistamines. The main classes of drugs are described along with their mechanisms of action and side effects.
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This document discusses drugs used to treat respiratory disorders such as cough and bronchial asthma. It classifies drugs used for cough into pharyngeal demulcents, expectorants, antitussives, and adjuvant antitussives. Drugs for bronchial asthma include bronchodilators, leukotriene antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, and corticosteroids. Salbutamol is discussed as a selective beta-2 agonist bronchodilator used to treat asthma and COPD. Its mechanism of action and side effects like hypokalaemia and tremors are explained. Antihistamines are classified based on generation, with first-generation being more sedating and second-generation having higher selectivity
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This document discusses different types of respiratory medications. It provides examples of antibiotics, antihistamines, and decongestants that are commonly used to treat respiratory issues. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, antihistamines block the effects of histamine during allergic reactions, and decongestants work to reduce stuffiness by shrinking blood vessels in the nasal passages. The document also gives brief overviews of specific drugs for each category, including their classifications, actions, forms, and potential side effects.
Mucoactive agents 2010
This document reviews different types of mucoactive drugs used to treat respiratory diseases involving mucus hypersecretion. It discusses expectorants like hypertonic saline, guaifenesin, and ion channel modifiers that increase mucus secretion. It describes mucoregulators like carbocysteine, anticholinergics, and glucocorticoids that regulate mucus production and the inflammatory process. It also covers mucolytics such as N-acetylcysteine, dornase alfa, and gelsolin that break down components of mucus to reduce viscosity. The review provides details on the mechanisms and clinical applications of these various classes of mucoactive medications.
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This document provides a classification of various types of drugs used in pharmaceutical chemistry. It discusses topical drugs, gastrointestinal tract drugs, cardiovascular drugs, respiratory drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, psychopharmacologic agents, central nervous system drugs, analgesic/anti-pyretic/anti-inflammatory drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and diuretic drugs. For each drug class, it lists some examples of specific drugs used to treat diseases within each system. The document is written by Dr. L. Sakthi Kumar and provides information on drug classification to understand how medicines work to treat different medical conditions.
Salmeterol and fluticasone
This document discusses the combination drug salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (Advair Diskus) which is used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by fluticasone reducing airway inflammation while salmeterol acts as a long-acting bronchodilator to open the airways. The drug is indicated for asthma in patients 4 years and older and to reduce COPD exacerbations. Dosages vary based on age and maximum dosage is listed. Contraindications include acute asthma/COPD episodes. Common side effects involve the eyes, lungs and skin. More serious effects can impact the heart, brain and gastrointestinal system.
The respiratory system
The document describes the respiratory system and its purpose and key organs. The purpose is to provide oxygen to body cells and remove carbon dioxide. Key organs include the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura, diaphragm and lungs. It also discusses gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli and the relationship between respiration and digestion through cellular respiration.
Bronchodilator drugs
Bronchodilator drugs work by relaxing the muscles in the airways to open breathing passages. There are three main types of bronchodilators: beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, anticholinergic bronchodilators, and xanthine derivatives. Each works through a different mechanism to dilate the bronchial airways. Common side effects among the drug types include dry mouth, headache, nausea, and difficulty breathing. Nurses monitor patients' vital signs and educate them on proper inhaler use when prescribing bronchodilators.
Antihistamine (Loratadine)
This document discusses antihistamines, which are drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of histamine released during allergic reactions. Histamine causes symptoms like runny nose and itching. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine from binding to receptors. Common uses include treating allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives, and insect bites. First generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness while second generation drugs like loratadine are less sedating. Loratadine is prescribed for allergies and hives, with dosages varying based on age. It has the advantage of not causing drowsiness like other antihistamines.
Respiratory system
Cough is a protective reflex that expels secretions or particles from the airways. Antitussives suppress the cough center in the central nervous system and reduce cough reflex. Opioids like codeine and non-opioids like dextromethorphan are common antitussives. Expectorants increase bronchial secretions to facilitate removal of mucus while coughing. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and constriction. Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and corticosteroids are used to treat asthma. Salbutamol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist that causes bronchodilation. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and prevent exacerbations.
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Cough syrups are commonly used to treat coughs. They contain active ingredients like dextromethorphan or codeine which suppress cough reflexes. People should follow dosage instructions carefully and not take cough syrups for more than a week without consulting a doctor.
Research on SLGTN
The document describes a study that assessed patients' knowledge of using sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (SLGTN) tablets to treat angina before and after receiving counseling. The study found that patients had poor baseline knowledge of how to properly use SLGTN tablets, but their knowledge significantly improved after receiving counseling from pharmacists. The results suggest that patient education is important for ensuring proper use of SLGTN tablets to manage angina.
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This document discusses various drugs used for treating cough and facilitating removal of respiratory secretions. It describes antitussives/cough suppressants such as codeine, dextromethorphan and noscapine which act centrally to suppress cough reflex. It also discusses expectorants like potassium iodide, ammonium chloride and bromhexine which increase production or decrease viscosity of bronchial secretions to aid in coughing up mucus. The document provides details on mechanisms of action, uses, doses and side effects of these antitussive and expectorant drugs.
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Nitrates
Nitrates are prodrugs that release nitric oxide (NO) in the body. Common nitrate drugs include nitroglycerin and isosorbide mononitrate. Nitrates were first synthesized in the 1840s and are used to treat conditions like angina by relaxing smooth muscle and dilating blood vessels. They reduce blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand. However, tolerance to nitrates develops rapidly due to desensitization of vascular smooth muscle. Providing a daily nitrate-free period can help overcome tolerance. Nitrates are also found naturally in soil and water and excess nitrates can cause methemoglobinemia or be linked to cancer.
Antitussives
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Antitussives
Codeine is a commonly used antitussive (cough suppressant) that works by raising the stimulus threshold of the cough center in the brain. It is effective at reducing coughs by 40-60% compared to placebos. Codeine is also a mild opioid analgesic. Other antitussives include dextromethorphan (non-opioid), expectorants like guaifenesin to loosen mucus, and mucolytics like acetylcysteine that work to liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract.
Angina and Antianginal drugs
This document discusses different types of angina pectoris including stable angina, unstable angina, and Prinzmetal or variant angina. It classifies drugs used to treat angina into organic nitrates, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and describes the mechanisms of action and uses of organic nitrates and calcium channel blockers. Side effects of organic nitrates are also mentioned.
Chapter 01- HIT 116 Pharmacology
The document provides an introduction to pharmacology and the history of drugs. It discusses the origins of key terms related to pharmacology and describes three medical uses of drugs. It then summarizes the historical origins and development of drugs from ancient times through the 1800s-early 1900s, including major milestones. The document also discusses issues with mislabeled/dangerous drugs historically and the development of drug laws and regulatory agencies.
Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is caused by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply. It presents as sudden, severe chest pain that may radiate to the left arm. There are different classifications of angina including exertional, variant, and unstable angina. Nitrates like nitroglycerin are used to treat acute angina attacks by reducing preload and afterload through vasodilation. Calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers are used for prophylactic treatment by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand. Combination drug therapy and surgical options like balloon angioplasty and bypass surgery may also be used in severe cases.
Pharmacology Respiratory Drugs
The document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat respiratory conditions:
1) Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking histamine. First generation causes more side effects like sedation.
2) Antitussives suppress cough reflex. Benzonatate and codeine are examples.
3) Bronchodilators like xanthines and beta-agonists open constricted airways. Theophylline is a xanthine that stimulates respiration but needs monitoring to avoid toxicity.
4) Expectorants and mucolytics help clear secretions by loosening mucus. Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic.
5) Drugs for
Antitussive mechanism ppt
This document discusses antitussive drugs, which suppress coughing. It defines antitussives and expectorants, and describes the mechanism of cough production and cough center in the brain. It outlines various animal models used to test antitussive activity, including those using guinea pigs, cats, and dogs exposed to irritants. Common antitussive drugs like codeine, hydrocodone, dextromethorphan, and benzonatate are explained along with their mechanisms of action and side effects.
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The document summarizes information on four common over-the-counter medications - Allegra, Flonase, Robitussin, and their uses, administration instructions, mechanisms of action, and potential side effects. Allegra is an antihistamine used to relieve seasonal and urticaria allergy symptoms. Flonase is a corticosteroid nasal spray used to treat seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms. Robitussin contains the expectorant guaifenesin and is used to relieve chest congestion by thinning mucus. Common side effects across the medications include headaches, nausea and vomiting.
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Flonase is a nasal spray containing the corticosteroid fluticasone that prevents the release of inflammatory substances. It treats nasal symptoms like congestion from seasonal or year-round allergies. Potential side effects include headaches, nosebleeds, and vision problems. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections and anthrax exposure. It may cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and other issues. Hycodan contains hydrocodone and homatropine to relieve dry coughs from colds by suppressing the urge to cough in the brain and with anticholinergic effects.
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Robitussin is prescribed to temporarily reduce cough caused by colds and flu by decreasing brain activity that causes coughing. It comes in liquid, capsule, strip, and lozenge forms. Allegra relieves seasonal allergy symptoms like runny nose and watery eyes by controlling antihistamines in the body. It does not cure allergies. Cipro treats bacterial infections and prevents anthrax exposure by killing bacteria and should be taken as directed without dairy or calcium juice.
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Flonase contains the corticosteroid fluticasone which decreases inflammation and is used for chronic asthma and seasonal allergies. Side effects may include nasal dryness, nausea, vomiting, or wheezing. Allegra is an antihistamine that blocks the effects of histamine to reduce allergy symptoms like sneezing and runny nose. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, or drowsiness. Robitussin contains guaifenesin, an expectorant that thins mucus to ease coughing. Some side effects are drowsiness, headache, or upset stomach.
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Allegra is used to relieve seasonal allergy symptoms like runny nose and sneezing by blocking histamines. It should not be taken with fruit juices which can decrease its absorption. Flonase also treats seasonal allergy symptoms by reducing nasal swelling as a corticosteroid. It is administered by spraying in each nostril twice daily and may cause swelling or rash. Grapefruit juice can inhibit Flonase. Robitussin is a cough and cold medicine that often includes a cough suppressant and acts as an expectorant to loosen congestion, making it easier to cough. It treats chest congestion from cold, infection or allergies but can cause drowsiness or other side effects.
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This document provides descriptions of 4 brand name drugs: Afrin nasal spray contains oxymetazoline hydrochloride and is a topical decongestant available over-the-counter. Hycodan is a narcotic cough suppressant combination of hydrocodone and homatropine that works by drying secretions and depressing the cough reflex. Robitussin contains expectorant guaifenesin to promote draining of mucus from the lungs and is often abused by teens. Ventolin contains albuterol sulfate for treatment of asthma and bronchospasm by dilating airways for patients over 4 with reversible airway disease.
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This document summarizes information on three respiratory medications: Ventolin (albuterol), Flonase (fluticasone nasal spray), and Robitussin (guaifenesin). Ventolin and Flonase are used to treat asthma and allergies by relaxing airways and reducing inflammation. Robitussin is an expectorant that thins mucus to make coughing easier. All three control symptoms but do not cure the underlying conditions. Potential side effects include headaches, nausea, and fast heart rate, with serious side effects requiring immediate medical attention. Proper use and storage of these medications is also outlined.
NurseReview.Org - Antihistamines (Clinical Pharmacology)
The document discusses various drugs used to treat symptoms of respiratory illnesses like the common cold. Antihistamines block the effects of histamine to reduce symptoms like runny nose and sneezing. Nasal decongestants constrict blood vessels in the nasal passages to relieve congestion. Antitussives suppress the cough reflex for nonproductive coughs. Expectorants thin mucus making it easier to cough up. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms rather than curing the underlying illness.
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Allegra is an antihistamine that treats hay fever and hives by blocking the effects of histamine. It comes in tablet and liquid form, and should be taken once or twice a day as prescribed. Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, and cough.
Ventolin is a bronchodilator prescribed to prevent and treat asthma symptoms. It comes as a liquid inhaled via nebulizer or as an inhaler, and is used as needed or before exercise to relax airways. Side effects may include shaking, headache, and chest pain.
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Flonase is a corticosteroid nasal spray used to relieve allergy symptoms by reducing inflammation in the respiratory tract. It provides 24-hour relief from symptoms and helps block six allergic substances. Common side effects include nosebleeds, cough, headache and soreness.
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This document discusses several classes of respiratory drugs including antitussives, decongestants, antihistamines, mucolytics and expectorants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. It describes the mechanisms of action, indications for use, routes of administration, and potential adverse effects of drugs from each class. The classes covered include cough suppressants, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, mucus-thinning and cough-loosening drugs, beta-agonists, xanthines, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids, and cromones.
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This document discusses several classes of respiratory drugs including antitussives, decongestants, antihistamines, mucolytics and expectorants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. It describes the mechanisms of action, indications for use, routes of administration, and potential adverse effects of drugs from each class. The classes covered include cough suppressants, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, mucus-thinning and cough-loosening drugs, beta-agonists, xanthines, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids, and cromones.
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Antihistamines are used to treat allergy and hay fever symptoms like runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes. They work by blocking the effects of histamine at receptor sites. Some common side effects include drowsiness and dry mouth. Antitussives suppress or relieve cough symptoms and come in liquid and cough drop forms. Brand examples are listed. Decongestants reduce nasal congestion symptoms and come in liquid capsules, liquids, and nasal sprays. They work by narrowing blood vessels to decrease nasal congestion but should only be used temporarily to avoid rebound congestion.
allergic rhinitis.pdf
This document summarizes information about allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It discusses the causes and symptoms, which include sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. It describes the two main types - seasonal and perennial - and notes that symptoms last as long as exposure to the allergen continues. Treatment options covered include steroid and antihistamine nasal sprays, oral antihistamines like Claritin and Zyrtec, and potential drug interactions to be aware of with these medications. Food interactions are also summarized, such as avoiding grapefruit juice with fexofenadine.
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Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
Bronchodilators
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Respiratory Pharmacology: Chapter 7 Presentation
- 2. Expectorants Improves ability to cough up mucus by making the cough less congested Does not treat cause, just symptoms Active Ingredient: Guaifenesin Brand Names (OTC): Robitussin Mucinex
- 3. Robitussin Side Effects: Headaches Nausea Vomiting Available alone or in combination with: antihistamines coughsuppressants decongestants
- 4. Antihistamine Blocks the effects of histamine released by an allergy attack Active Ingredient: Fexofenadine Brand Names: Allegra Prevents symptoms such as: Running nose Watery eyes Itching Sneezing
- 5. Allegra Side Effects Dizziness Headache Upset Stomach Difficulty breathing Tightness in the chest Swelling of the mouth, face, lips or tongue Vomiting Fever
- 6. Allegra Available as an OTC medication as of March 2011 Also used to treat itching and other symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticari Specifically classified as: Histamine receptor antagonists
- 7. Other Antihistamines Claritan (loratandine) Benedryl (diphenhydramine)
- 8. Antitussive Relives the urge to cough Active Ingredient: Hyrdocodone Brand Name: Hycodon
- 9. Hycodon Other names: Vicodin,Anexsia, Dicodid, Hycomine, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Tussionex Derived from opioids Can also be used as an analgesic Only available by prescription
- 10. Hycodon: Side Effects Fast, slow or pounding heartbeat Hallucinations Increased sweating Itching or skin rash Ringing of the ears Trouble breathing Symptoms of depression
- 11. References http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/about.cf m http://www.rxmed.com/ Fremgen, Bonnie F., and Suzanne S. Frucht. Medical Terminology: A Living Language. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009. Print.