Research Methods: Ethics II (Animal Research)Brian Piper
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lecture 3 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College, includes IACUC, animal welfare act, refinement, reduction, replacement
This was my first podium presentation presented at an international conference organized by UNESCO. The conference was remarkable because it involved superspecialty field to even nursing staff. My presentation was amongst the contenders for prize distribution. However, it did not happen so due to other presenters who outperformed me.
Research Methods: Ethics II (Animal Research)Brian Piper
Â
lecture 3 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College, includes IACUC, animal welfare act, refinement, reduction, replacement
This was my first podium presentation presented at an international conference organized by UNESCO. The conference was remarkable because it involved superspecialty field to even nursing staff. My presentation was amongst the contenders for prize distribution. However, it did not happen so due to other presenters who outperformed me.
Justifications for invasive experiments on animals rely on claims that such research is essential for the advancement of biomedical knowledge, for the development of cures to human diseases, or for the evaluation of the toxicity of compounds to which humans are exposed. Until recently, critical evaluations of the accuracy of such claims have been rare. However, a growing body of large-scale systematic reviews have now been published in scientific and medical journals. The outcomes have been consistent: animal experiments have contributed far less than advocates would have us believe.
This presentation summarises these recent results, and comprehensively reviews the alternatives to invasive animal use with biomedical research, toxicity testing, and education.
Published studies are available at www.AnimalExperiments.info.
Animal Experimentation- Contemporary IssueChandan Saha
Â
Animals have their own rights. They are not puppet of our laboratory. With the help of modern and scientific technology we can change old traditional animal experiment methods.
Alternate animal experiments models for pre and post clinical screening of new drugs.
#Expetrimental_Pharmacology.
#Preclinical Screening methods and testing models.
#Animal_Handeling
Today there exists a wide spectrum of views on this subject, ranging from those concerned with animal 'rights' to those who view animals only as a resource to be exploited.
All of thThe five freedoms were originally developed from a UK Government report on livestock husbandry in 1965 (Prof.Roger Brambell) then by Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) In July 1979
Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour .
Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area .
Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Freedom to express (most) normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind.
Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering.
Lecture to students at the SOCRATES / ERASMUS INTERNATIONAL COURSE 2003, ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht,The Netherlands
Justifications for invasive experiments on animals rely on claims that such research is essential for the advancement of biomedical knowledge, for the development of cures to human diseases, or for the evaluation of the toxicity of compounds to which humans are exposed. Until recently, critical evaluations of the accuracy of such claims have been rare. However, a growing body of large-scale systematic reviews have now been published in scientific and medical journals. The outcomes have been consistent: animal experiments have contributed far less than advocates would have us believe.
This presentation summarises these recent results, and comprehensively reviews the alternatives to invasive animal use with biomedical research, toxicity testing, and education.
Published studies are available at www.AnimalExperiments.info.
Animal Experimentation- Contemporary IssueChandan Saha
Â
Animals have their own rights. They are not puppet of our laboratory. With the help of modern and scientific technology we can change old traditional animal experiment methods.
Alternate animal experiments models for pre and post clinical screening of new drugs.
#Expetrimental_Pharmacology.
#Preclinical Screening methods and testing models.
#Animal_Handeling
Today there exists a wide spectrum of views on this subject, ranging from those concerned with animal 'rights' to those who view animals only as a resource to be exploited.
All of thThe five freedoms were originally developed from a UK Government report on livestock husbandry in 1965 (Prof.Roger Brambell) then by Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) In July 1979
Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour .
Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area .
Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Freedom to express (most) normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind.
Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering.
Lecture to students at the SOCRATES / ERASMUS INTERNATIONAL COURSE 2003, ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht,The Netherlands
This presents briefly the history of animal welfare, acts and rules govern prevention of cruelty to animals in India, about AWBI etc. Next presentation will describe about various form of cruelty caused to animals. This is a small effort to aware citizens on prevention of cruellty and to be compassionate for them.
The Africa Network for Animal Welfare (ANAW) was established in 2006 as a Pan African Non-Governmental Organisation.
It is registered under the provisions of the Non-Governmental Organisations Co-ordination Act, of the Laws of Kenya and its mission is to work together with Communities, Governments and other animal welfare stakeholders in promoting humane treatment of all Animals across Africa.
Dental research process: a trial to understand, and how to connect with the s...Mohamed A. Galal
Â
A trial to understand Dental Research Process, that can help assistant researchers and research assistants in Dental fields to go into their profession more and more.
5- Funding & Scholarships classification. (A trial to change our view)
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Peter Singer - Non-Human Animal Ethics - EA Global Melbourne 2015Adam Ford
Â
Peter Singer discusses moral value of non-human animals - the history of moral progress around equality of human animals and how we ought to treat animals - from Judaism & Christianity to Aristotle to Bentham (father of modern utilitarianism). Singer highlights Benthan's view that the capacity for suffering/joy is the vital characteristic that entitles a being to moral consideration. He discusses why we should take non-human animal suffering seriously and what we can do to alleviate the suffering of non-human animals.
Animal Liberation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Liberation_%28book%29
Peter paper 'SPECIESISM AND MORAL STATUS' where he convincingly rejects Speciesism: http://www.oswego.edu/~delancey/Singer.pdf
Abstract: "Many people believe that all human life is of equal value. Most of them also believe that all human beings have a moral status superior to that of nonhuman animals. But how are these beliefs to be defended? The mere difference of species cannot in itself determine moral status. The most obvious candidate for regarding human beings as having a higher moral status than animals is the superior cognitive capacity of humans. People with profound mental retardation pose a problem for this set of beliefs, because their cognitive capacities are not superior to those of many animals. I argue that we should drop the belief in the equal value of human life, replacing it with a graduated view that applies to animals as well as to humans."
Plato.Stanford Entry on Moral Status of Animals: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-animal/
Biography: Peter Singer is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics in the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University, a position that he now combines with the position of Laureate Professor at the University of Melbourne. His books include Animal Liberation, Practical Ethics, The Life You Can Save, The Point of View of the Universe and The Most Good You Can Do. In 2014 the Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute ranked him third on its list of Global Thought Leaders, and Time has included him among the worldâs 100 most influential people. An Australian, in 2012 he was made a Companion to the Order of Australia, his countryâs highest civilian honour.
Video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgRoZVT6kYc
Research Methods: Ethics I (Human Research)Brian Piper
Â
lecture 2 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College,
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COORDINATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICACCARDESA
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SACCAR was established in 1984 by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), then known as the Southern African Development Coordinating Conference (SADCC) to coordinate agricultural research and training in the region.
A Memorandum of Understanding signed by the then Member States of SADC, namely Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Other countries joined as and when they got their independence
1 This sample paper was adapted by the WriVannaJoy20
Â
1
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a
student. Used by permission.
Updated March 2021
2
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the
introduction, you should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may
also state the positive ethical effects of your proposed solution.
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activist s and lovers everywhere. { The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture}.
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
The introduction
ends with a
thesis statement
that includes the
studentâs
proposed
solution(s) to
the societal
problem. She
also has
included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Problem
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
Background Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
3
Reason #1
animal
skin care, shampoo and makeup, as well as biomedical research that provides medicine
and treatments for humans and pets alike. The BioIndustry Association (2002) argues that
âAnimal research ha ...
Gen 499 research relating the critical thinker/tutorialoutletStormzs
Â
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
tutorialoutletdotcom
Running head: ANIMAL TESTING 1 To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
Student Name
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
Running head ANIMAL TESTING 1 To Test or.docxSUBHI7
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Running head: ANIMAL TESTING 1
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
Student Name
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
ANIMAL TESTING 2
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture.
Problem
Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
studentâs pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
{
}
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Background
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
ANIMAL TESTING 3
skin care, shampoo an ...
Running head ANIMAL TESTING 1 To Test or.docxtoddr4
Â
Running head: ANIMAL TESTING 1
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
Student Name
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
ANIMAL TESTING 2
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture.
Problem
Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
studentâs pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
{
}
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Background
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
ANIMAL TESTING 3
skin care, shampoo an.
Running head ANIMAL TESTING 1 Updated June 2018 .docxhealdkathaleen
Â
Running head: ANIMAL TESTING 1
Updated June 2018
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
Student Name
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
ANIMAL TESTING 2
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture.
Problem
Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
studentâs pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
{
}
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Background
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
ANIMAL TESTING 3
s ...
1
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
John Doe
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
Updated December 2019
2
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. { The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture}.
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
s den s pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Problem
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
Background Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
3
Reason #1
animal
skin care, shampoo ...
1
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
John Doe
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
Updated December 2019
2
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. { The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture}.
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
s den s pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Problem
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
Background Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
3
Reason #1
animal
skin care, shampoo ...
The Use of Animals in ResearchStudent NameAffi.docxssusera34210
Â
The Use of Animals in Research
Student Name
Affiliate Institution
The Use of Animals in Research
The debate about experimental animal use in research aim to prove weather their usage is a pseudoscience or not. Animals have been used widely in scientific research since the 500 BC. However, the use of experimental animals for research has been a controversial issue and subject of ethical debates. The growing body of animal advocates believes that experimental animal use in research is not necessary for reasons of wasting resources. Industries such as pharmaceutical research companies and cosmetics manufacturers use animals such as rats, rabbits and pigs to test their products. With such usage, the society has persistently called upon the concerned scientific community to find an alternative of experimental animal use especially in the business industries. Despite the fact that animal advocates who stage campaigns against the use of animals in research consider it unethical, pure research scientists have not demonstrated the economic and academic benefits of using these animals where Pound et al., (2004) argue that there is no evidence to show that the use of animals in research has direct human benefits. The animal use has led to a better scientific understanding of disease and drug processes hence leading to proper formulations and medical breakthroughs. Experimental animals have been successful models of disease and drug studies before clinical trials. The use of experimental animals is the basic science established in the research of cognitive science, biology, and medicine.
Organizations that refute the use of animals for research such as PETA and ASPCA consider these traditional scientific activities out of date and that it is morally wrong to use animals solely for the benefit of human beings. These organizations claim that traditional animal experiments are costly, they are expensive and time-consuming, (Ryder, 2005). In addition, animal advocates argue that pure research scientists have not been accountable for those experiments that have failed and their results having no economic or academic benefits in the society. Even worse, there is evidence indicating that experimental animal results can mislead researchers. Animals may die in the process of experimentation due to toxic drug treatment and such results may confuse. The PETA organization indicate that researchers focus on making the animals sick and later cure them, a process that does not happen in human. The PETA and allied organization also argue that best doctors and scientists are misplaced because they are compensated to work with animals in the laboratory instead of working with real patients in the community. Even though using animals in research is undisputedly intellectually seductive, these experiments have not solved the urgent health problems of this era such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, AIDS and birth defects. However, scientists have a good course ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open AccessThe ethics of animal research.docxrgladys1
Â
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
The ethics of animal research: a survey of
the public and scientists in North America
Ari R. Joffe1,2,5*, Meredith Bara3, Natalie Anton1 and Nathan Nobis4
Abstract
Background: To determine whether the public and scientists consider common arguments (and counterarguments)
in support (or not) of animal research (AR) convincing.
Methods: After validation, the survey was sent to samples of public (Sampling Survey International (SSI; Canadian),
Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; US), a Canadian city festival and childrenâs hospital), medical students (two second-year
classes), and scientists (corresponding authors, and academic pediatricians). We presented questions about common
arguments (with their counterarguments) to justify the moral permissibility (or not) of AR. Responses were compared
using Chi-square with Bonferonni correction.
Results: There were 1220 public [SSI, n = 586; AMT, n = 439; Festival, n = 195; Hospital n = 107], 194/331 (59 %)
medical student, and 19/319 (6 %) scientist [too few to report] responses. Most public respondents were <45 years
(65 %), had some College/University education (83 %), and had never done AR (92 %). Most public and medical
student respondents considered âbenefits argumentsâ sufficient to justify AR; however, most acknowledged that
counterarguments suggesting alternative research methods may be available, or that it is unclear why the same
âbenefits argumentsâ do not apply to using humans in research, significantly weakened âbenefits argumentsâ.
Almost all were not convinced of the moral permissibility of AR by âcharacteristics of non-human-animals
argumentsâ, including that non-human-animals are not sentient, or are property. Most were not convinced of the
moral permissibility of AR by âhuman exceptionalismâ arguments, including that humans have more advanced
mental abilities, are of a special âkindâ, can enter social contracts, or face a âlifeboat situationâ. Counterarguments
explained much of this, including that not all humans have these more advanced abilities [âargument from
species overlapâ], and that the notion of âkindâ is arbitrary [e.g., why are we not of the âkindâ âsentient-animalâ or
âsubject-of-a-lifeâ?]. Medical students were more supportive (80 %) of AR at the end of the survey (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Responses suggest that support for AR may not be based on cogent philosophical rationales, and
more open debate is warranted.
Keywords: Animal models, Animal research, Ethics, Methodology
Background
Given the massive public funding of animal research
(AR) in democratic societies, it might be expected that
the arguments for and against AR are well settled [1, 2].
However, the details of standard ethical arguments and
counterarguments for AR are not often publically dis-
cussed, and it is likely that most people are not aware of
the details of the debate. This is also true in the peer-
reviewed medical literature, where open debate including
details of all the .
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Â
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Â
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation âBlue Starâ is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECDâs Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Graph on the DrugMonkey blog in April, making a point about the three options offered by an LA Times poll on animal research that appeared with their coverage of the April UCLA Pro-Test rally. (http://scienceblogs.com/drugmonkey/2009/04/polling_attitudes_on_animals_i.php)