This document outlines guidelines from the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) for laboratory animal facilities. It discusses requirements for veterinary care, quarantine of new animals, housing and separation of species, environmental conditions like temperature and noise control, and procedures for care, housing, transportation, anesthesia and disposal of laboratory animals. The goal is to promote humane care of animals used for biomedical and behavioral research.
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveenAnimatedWorld
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveen
Anesthesia
It is a state of controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness that or awareness that is induced for medical purpose.
Anesthetic agents
The anesthetic agents are great and choosing the correct one for particular suggestion.
In laboratory animal field , the anesthetic surgeon and post operative are often one and the same person.
This will help to chose correct drug for anaesthesia.
Sometime the wise anesthetic agents also cause undesirable responses. so, its responsibility of experimenters to document this advance in exprimental protocol
Euthanasia
The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu mean good and thanatos mean death.
Euthanasia is the act of including humane death in an animal. sacrificing the experimental animal after use by gentle procedure causing minimum of physical and mental suffering is called euthanasia.
The document is all about the SOP for handling and caring for animal house. the sop is prepared by considering rat and mice housing for pharmacological experiments.
toxicology study according to OECD guidelines, organisation for economic co-orporation and developement, jasdeep singh , maharaja ranjit singh punjab technical university bathinda
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveenAnimatedWorld
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveen
Anesthesia
It is a state of controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness that or awareness that is induced for medical purpose.
Anesthetic agents
The anesthetic agents are great and choosing the correct one for particular suggestion.
In laboratory animal field , the anesthetic surgeon and post operative are often one and the same person.
This will help to chose correct drug for anaesthesia.
Sometime the wise anesthetic agents also cause undesirable responses. so, its responsibility of experimenters to document this advance in exprimental protocol
Euthanasia
The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu mean good and thanatos mean death.
Euthanasia is the act of including humane death in an animal. sacrificing the experimental animal after use by gentle procedure causing minimum of physical and mental suffering is called euthanasia.
The document is all about the SOP for handling and caring for animal house. the sop is prepared by considering rat and mice housing for pharmacological experiments.
toxicology study according to OECD guidelines, organisation for economic co-orporation and developement, jasdeep singh , maharaja ranjit singh punjab technical university bathinda
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence. Based on the PCI Syllabus. Ethics to be considered for handling the animals in experiments. Reference from Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence by B. M. Mithal.
This presentation include the guidelines related to the pre-clinical trial on animals. animal ethics committee , act and rules , animal care requirements .
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
1. CPCSEA GUIDELINES FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL
FACILITY
(committee for the purpose of control and supervision on experiments on animal)
2. WHAT IS CPCSEA
Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on
animals.
CORE MEMBERS
Hon. Smt. Maneka Gandhi – drafted under chairperson, CPCSEA
Mr. A.K.Joshi – Member Secretary, CPCSEA
Subcommittee members
Dr. Manju Sharma – secretary, department of biotechnology
Members
Dr. vasanth muthuswamy- Sr. DDG, Indian council of medical research
Dr. Lal Krishna – ADG,(AH) ICAR, New Delhi
Dr. S.S. Murugan – SGS India private limited, Chennai
3. GOAL
The goal of these guidelines is to promote the human care of animal
used in biomedical and behavioural research and testing.
VETERINARY CARE
It is responsibility of a veterinarian or a person who has training or
experience in ‘laboratory animal sciences and medicine’.
5. QUARANTINE, STABILIZATION AND
SEPARATION
QUARANTINE-
Separation of newly received animals from those already in the
facility until the health and possibly the microbial status of newly
received animal have been determine.
A minimum duration of quarantine for small animal-1 week and for
larger animal-6 week.
STABILIZATION-
Physiologic, psychological and nutritional stabilization should be
given before their use.
Duration of stabilization will depend on type and duration of
animal transportation , and species of animal.
6. SEPARATION-
Physical separation of animal by species is recommended to prevent
interspecies disease transmission and to eliminate anxiety and possible
physiological and behavioural changes due to interspecies conflict.
Housing different species in separate room.
It shall be acceptable to house different species in the same room ,e.g. two
species have a similar pathogen status and are behaviourally compatible.
7. SURVELLANCE, DIAGNOSIS, TRETMENT AND
CONTROL OF DISEASE
All animal should be observed for signs of illness,
injury, or abnormal behaviour by animal house staff.
Animals that show signs of a contagious disease should
be isolated from healthy animals in the colony.
9. ANIMAL CARE AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL
Animal care require technical and husbandry support.
Institution should employ people trained in laboratory
animal or provide for both formal and on the job
training to ensure effective implementation of the
program.
10. PERSONAL HYGIENE
Animal care staff maintain a high standard of personal cleanliness.
Clothing suitable for use in the animal facility should be supplied
and laundered by the institution .
It acceptable to use disposable gear such as gloves, masks, head
covers, coats, coveralls and shoe covers.
Person should change clothing as often as is necessary to maintain
personal hygiene.
Personnel should not be permitted to eat, drink, smoke or apply
cosmetic in animal rooms.
11. MULTIPLE SURGICAL PROCEDURES ON SINGLE
ANIMAL
Multiple surgical procedures on a single animal for any testing or
experiment are not to be practiced unless specified in a protocol
only approved by the IAEC.
DURATIONS OF EXPERIMENTS
No animal should be used for experimentation for more than 3 years
unless adequate justification is provided.
12. PHYSICAL RESTRAINT
Restraint devices cannot be used simply as a convenience in handling or
managing animals.
The period of restraint should be the minimum required to accomplish
the research objectives.
Provision should be made for observation of the animal at appropriate
intervals.
PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIP OF ANIMAL FACILITIES
OF LABORATORIES
Animal shall be housed in an isolated building located as far away from
human habitations as possible and not exposed to dust, smoke, noise,
wild rodent, insects and birds.
This separation can be accomplished by having the animal quarters in a
separate building, wing, floor or room.
13. The animal room should occupy about 50-60% of the total constructed
area and the remaining area should be utilized for service such as stores,
washing, office and staff, machine rooms, quarantine and corridors.
Since animals are very sensitive to environmental changes, sharp
fluctuations in temperature, humidity, light, sound and ventilation should
be avoided.
14. FUNCTIONAL AREAS
Ensure separation of species or isolation of individual projects
when necessary.
Receiving and storage areas for food, bedding.
Space for administration, supervision, and direction of the facility.
Showers, sinks, lockers and toilets for personnel
Washing and sterilization equipment and supplies
For holding soiled and cleaned equipment
For repairing cages and equipment
To store wastes prior to incineration or removal.
15. PHYSICAL FACILITIES
BUILDING MATERIALS- moisture-proof, fire-resistant,
seamless materials are most desirable for interior surfaces
including vermin and pest resistance.
CORRIDOR- wide enough to facilitate the movement of
personnel as well as equipments and should be kept clean.
UTILITIES- water lines, drain pipes and electrical connection
ANIMAL ROOM DOORS- rust, vermin and dust proof. it
properly within their frames and provided with an observation
window.
FLOORS- smooth, moisture proof, non-absorbent, skid-proof,
resistant to wear, acid, solvents, adverse effects of detergents
and disinfectants. Capable of supporting racks, equipment and
stored items without becoming gouged, cracked, or pitted.
16. DRAINS- floor drains are not essential in all rooms used exclusively
for housing rodents.
WALLS & CEILINGS- free of cracks, unsealed utility penetrations, or
imperfect junction with doors, ceilings, floors and corners.
STORAGE AREAS- separate storage areas should be designed for
feed, bedding, cages and materials not in use.
FACILITIES FOR SANITIZING EQUIPMET AND SUPPLIES- an
area for sanitizing cages and ancillary equipment is essential with
adequate water supply.
EXPERIMENTAL AREA- should be carried out in a separate area
from the place where animals are housed.
17. ENVIRONMENT
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL-
air conditioning
temperature with in the range of 64.4-84.0 F
relative humidity- 30-70% throughout the year
for large animal comfortable zone-18-37°˚c
POWER & LIGHTING-
the electrical system should be safe and provide
appropriate lighting and a sufficient no. of power outlets.
A time control light system should be used.
NOISE CONTROL- noise free environment
18. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
CAGING & HOUSING SYSTEM-
Adequate ventilation
Meet the biological need of animal
Keep the animal dry and clean
Facilitate research while maintaining good health of the
animals
Cages made of steel or painted steel
Feeding and watering devices should be easily accessible for
filing, changing, cleaning and servicing.
19. FOOD
Should be fed palatable, non-contaminated and nutritionally
adequate food.
Feeders should allow easy access to food while avoiding
contamination by urine and faeces.
Food should be available in a mounts sufficient to ensure normal
growth in immature animals and maintenance of normal body
weight, reproduction and lactations in adults.
Areas in which diets are stored should be kept clean and enclosed
to prevent entry of insects or other animals.
Diet should be free from heavy metals.
20. BEDDING
Absorbent, free of toxic chemicals or other substances that could
injure animals or personnel, and of a type not readily eaten by
animals.
Should be removed and replaced with fresh materials as often as
necessary to keep animal clean and dry.
Should be- easily stored
Uncontaminated
Non-toxic
Non-malodorous
Disposable by incineration
21. WATER
Fresh
Potable
Uncontaminated
WATER DISPOSAL
The most preferred method of waste disposal is incineration. If wastes
must be stored before removal , the waste storage area should be
separated from other storage facilities and free of flies,
cockroaches, rodents and other vermin.
22. PEST CONTROL
Programs designed to prevent, control, or eliminate the presence of or
infestations by pests are essential in an animal environment.
EMERGENCY, WEEKEND AND HOLIDAY CARE
Animal should be cared for by qualified personnel every day, including
weekends and holidays, to safeguards their well- being including
emergency veterinary care.
23. RECORD KEEPING
Animal house plans
Animal house staff record
Health record of staff/animals
All SOPs relevant to the animals
Breeding, stock, purchase and sales records
Minutes of institute animals ethics committee meetings
Records of experiments conducted with the no. of animals used
Death record
Clinical record of sick animals training record of staff involved in
animal activities
Water analysis report
24. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ( SOPs)/
GUIDELINES
Maintain SOPs describing procedures/ methods adapted with regard to
animal husbandry, maintenance, breeding, animal house microbial
analysis and experimentation record.
SOPs should contain following items-
Name of author
Title of SOP
Date of preparation
Reference of previous SOP on the same subject and date
Location and distribution of SOPs with sign of each recipient
Objectives
Detailed information of the instruments used in relation with
animals
Normal value of all parameters.
25. TRANSPORT OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
The main considerations for transport of animals are the mode of
transport, the containers, the animal density in cages, food and
water during transit, protection from transit infection, injuries and
stress.
26. ANAESTHESIA
Sedatives, analgesics and anaesthetics should be used to
control pain or distress under experiment. Before use
actual anaesthetics the animals is prepared for
anaesthesia by over night fasting and using pre-anaesthetics.
Local or general anaesthetics may be used depending
on type of surgical procedure.
27. DISPOSAL
The transgenic and knockout animal should be first
enthanized and then disposed off as prescribed
elsewhere in the guidelines. A record of disposal and
the manner of disposal should be kept as a matter of
routine.