Ethics aim to do well in research with minimizing harm to the participants. It is obligatory to care and protect human and animal participants in research because history is evident that researchers have violated the fundamental rights of a participant in the name of scientific researches Human dignity and animal respect are a matter of worrisome in all types of research. The purpose of ethical codes and guidelines in research is to preserve the rights, interests and psychological and cultural integrity of participants in scientific research

1. RESEARCHSAFETYINLABORATORIES,
WELFAREOFANIMALSUSEDIN
RESEARCH
BY,
DHANYA M
MTECH

2. INTRODUCTION
• The handling of hazardous materials, and
laboratory safety are two issues are
overlooked in research but no researcher
or scientific discipline is immune from
accidents.
• An explosion in French university
chemistry department in 2006 has killed a
professor and students got seriously
injured.
• Researchers should review information
and procedures about safety issues at least
once a year

3. RESEARCH SAFETY IN LABORATORIES
appropriate usage of protective equipment and clothing
safe handling of materials in laboratories
safe operation of equipment
safe disposal of materials
safety management and accountability
hazard assessment processes
safe transportation of materials between laboratories
safe design of facilities
emergency responses
safety education of all personnel before entering the laboratory
applicable government regulations

4. WHY ARE ANIMALS USED?
Basic
Research To
Understand
Biological
Processes
Development
Of New
Medicines
Disease
Treatments
Treatment
For Injuries
Basic Medical
Testing
Testing the
safety of
substances
which might
be dangerous
to humans or
the
environment
and for
teaching.

6. Animal Testing Facts

7. How does research affect animal welfare?
• The impact of research on animals varies from almost insignificant effects on some
animals (for instance where nothing more occurs than observation of their
behavior), to major effects on some undergo very painful or distressing procedures.
• The welfare of animals may also be affected if their housing and husbandry does
not meet their needs.
• In some cases harm may be caused as an unintended consequence of the research
(for instance, the pain of an injection or surgery where the objective was to place a
sensor to monitor some biological function).
• Research on animals causes deliberate harm when the objective is to induce serious
diseases or injuries so that treatments can be tested.

8. GUIDELINES
Respect for animals' dignity
Researchers must have respect for animals' worth.
Researchers must be respectful when choosing their topic and methods
Care should be adapted to the needs of each laboratory animal.
Responsibility for maintaining biological diversity
Ensure the use of laboratory animals does not endanger biological
diversity.
This means that researchers must consider the consequences to the stock
and to the ecosystem as a whole.
The use of endangered and vulnerable species must be reduced to an
absolute minimum.

9. The principle of proportionality: responsibility for considering and
balancing suffering and benefits
• Researchers must consider the risk that laboratory animals experience pain and other
suffering
• Researchers are responsible for considering whether the experiment may result in
improvements for animals, people or the environment.
• The benefits of the study must be considered both in short and long term and the
experiments will have relevant scientific benefits.
• There are many different methods for analyzing harm and benefit.
• Research institutions should provide training on suitable models, and researchers are
responsible for using such methods of analysis when planning experiments on animals.

10. Responsibility when intervening in a habitat
• Researchers are responsible for reducing disruption and any impact on the natural
behavior of individual animals. Certain research and technology-related projects, like
those regarding environmental technology and environmental surveillance, may
impact on animals and their living conditions.
• In such cases, researchers must seek to observe the principle of proportionality and
minimize the possible negative impact.
Responsibility for openness and sharing of data and material
• Ensure transparency about research findings and facilitating the sharing of data and material
from experiments on animals - avoid unnecessary repetition of experiments.
• Transparency is also important in order to ensure that the public are informed and is part of
researchers' responsibility for dissemination.
• Disclosing negative results may give other researchers information about not to use and help
to reduce the use of animals in research.

11. Requirement of expertise on animals
• Researchers and other parties who handle live animals must have adequately
updated and documented expertise on animals.
• This includes specific knowledge about the biology of the animal species in
question, and a willingness and ability to take care of animals properly.
Requirement of due care
• There are national laws and rules and international conventions and agreements
regarding the use of laboratory animals, and both researchers and research
managers must comply with these.
• Any person who plans to use animals in experiments must familiarize themselves
with the current rules.

12. WELFARE OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH
In order to reduce the impact on animals
• The 3 Rs: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement encapsulated in
the code of practice for the care.

13. REPLACEMENT
• Techniques that totally or partially replace the use of animals for
scientific purposes must be sought and used wherever possible.
• Researchers are responsible for studying whether there are alternatives
to experiments on animals.
• Alternative options must be prioritized if the same knowledge can be
acquired without using laboratory animals. If no good options are
available, researchers should consider whether the research can be
postponed until alternative methods have been developed.
• When justifying experiments on animals, researchers therefore must
be able to account for the absence of options and the need to acquire
knowledge immediately.

14. REDUCTION
• Each project must use no more than the minimum number of animals
necessary to ensure scientific and statistical validity.
• The principle of reducing the number of animals used should not be
implemented at the expense of greater suffering of individual animals.
• Scientific and teaching activities involving the use of animals must not
be repeated unless essential for the purpose or design of the project.
• Teaching activities must involve no more than the minimum number
of animals required to reach the educational objectives.

15. REFINEMENT
• Animals suitable for the scientific purpose, taking into account their
biological characteristics including behavior, genetic attributes and
nutritional, microbiological and general health status.
• The design and management of animal accommodation should meet
with species-specific needs.
• Special consideration is required where this is prevented by the
requirements of the project.
• Animals should be transported, housed, fed, watered, handled and
used under conditions that meet species-specific needs

16. CONCLUSION
oEthics aim to do well in research with minimizing harm to the
participants.
oIt is obligatory to care and protect human and animal participants
in research because history is evident that researchers have
violated the fundamental rights of a participant in the name of
scientific researches
oHuman dignity and animal respect are a matter of worrisome in
all types of research.
o The purpose of ethical codes and guidelines in research is to
preserve the rights, interests and psychological and cultural
integrity of participants in scientific research

17. REFERENCE
• https://www.forskningsetikk.no/en/guidelines/science-and-technology/ethical-guidelines-for-the-
use-of-animals-in-research/
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353103636_ETHICS_IN_SOCIAL_SCIENCE_RESEARCH_
WITH_REFERENCE_TO_HUMAN_AND_ANIMAL_PARTICIPANTS
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK214558/