This document discusses research methods used in library, field, and laboratory research. It defines research and notes that it is a systematic process of investigation using study, observation, comparison and experimentation to gain new knowledge. Research methods refer to the specific techniques used to conduct research operations and solve research problems. The document outlines different types of research methods including library methods, field research methods, and laboratory research methods. It provides examples of techniques used within each of these methods, such as observational scales, questionnaires, interviews, and audio-visual devices. The key difference between methods and techniques is that methods refer to the overall approaches used while techniques are the specific tools or procedures employed.

1. Research Methods-Library,
Field and Laboratory Methods
Presented By:Presented By:
Vipan Kamboj
Roll No:07RUR3651
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

2. Research:
It is Scientific and Systematic search of pertinent
information on a specific topic
It is an art of scientific investigation
It is careful investigation of inquiry specially through
search for new facts in any branch knowledge
Redman and Mory define research as: “systematized
effort to gain new knowledge
It is persuit of truth with the help of study, observation,
comparison and experiment

3. Research methods/technique :
These are methods/technique which are used for
conduction of research
The research methods or technique refer to the
researchers use in performing research operations
All those methods which are used by researchers during
the course of the studying his research problem are
termed as research methods
Research method is an major term whereas research
technique is an part by which problem solve

4. Type of Research Methods
First group: Collection of data. The data already
available are not sufficient to arrive at the required
solution.
Second Group: Statistical techniques. Used for
establishing relation between the data and the unknown.
Third Group: Evaluation of accuracy of the results
obtained.

5. Difference between Methods and
Technique
Library method:
Methods Techniques
 Analysis of historical
record
Recording of notes, Content analysis,
Tape and film listening and Analysis
 Analysis of Documents Statistical compilations and
manipulations, Reference and abstract
guides, contents analysis

6. Field Research:
 Non-participant direct
observation
Observational behavioral scales, use of score
cards etc.
 Participant Observation Interactional recording possible use of tape
recorders, photographic techniques
 Mass Observation Recording mass behaviors, interview using
independent observer in public places
 Mail Questionnaire Identification of social and economic
background of respondents
 Opinionnaire Use of attitude scales, projective techniques,
use of socio-metric scales
 Personal Interview Interviewer uses a detailed schedule with
open and closed questions
Focused Interview Interviewer focuses attention upon a given
experience and its effects
 Group Interview Small groups of respondents are interviewed
simultaneously
 Telephone Survey Used as a survey technique for information
and for discerning

7. Laboratory Research:
 In methods; small group study of
random behaviour, play and role
analysis
 In techniques; use of audio-visual
devices, use of observations etc

8. References:
C.R Kothari, Research Methodology, Methods &
Techniques. Ed. 1st
; New Age International Publishers. PP
1-10.
