discussion about quantitative methods

1. QUANTITATIVE METHODS
Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements
and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of
data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or
by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques.

2. Quantitative techniques
Quantitative techniques may be defined as those
techniques that provide the decision-makers with a
systematic and powerful means of analysis, based on
quantitative data.

3. Difference in Method and Technique
Method is “an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language
materials, no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon,
the selected approach”.
Technique is “implementational”, referring to “ a particular trick,
strategy, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective.”

4. Difference in Method and Methodology
Methods are just behavior or tools used to select a research
technique.
The methodology is an analysis of all the methods and
procedures of the investigation.

5. Quantitative data is data that can be counted or measured in numerical
values. The two main types of quantitative data are discrete data and
continuous data.
Some basic examples of quantitative data include:
•Weight in pounds.
•Length in inches.
•Distance in miles.
•Number of days in a year.
•A heatmap of a web page.
quantitative variables are variables measured on a numeric scale. Height,
weight, response time, subjective rating of pain, temperature, and score on an
exam.
Examples of qualitative data include open-ended survey responses, interview
transcripts, and observational notes.
Examples of quantitative data include numerical survey responses, test
scores, and website traffic data.

7. The role of the researcher in quantitative research
encompasses designing rigorous studies, collecting and analyzing
numerical data, interpreting findings, ensuring validity and
reliability of data, and strictly adhering to ethical standards.
The advantages of mixed-method research
•Enrich your story: You can use qualitative data to color the insights that were
revealed in your quantitative survey.
•Examine your narrative: You can generate hypotheses from the opinions
uncovered in qualitative research, then cross-reference these against a wider
sample with a quantitative approach.
•Explain the surprises: You can use qualitative data to better understand any
unexpected results from quantitative data.

8. The benefits of quantitative research
•You get your hands on a larger sample: With a quantitative survey, a much
broader study can be done – one that involves more people.
•You get objectivity and accuracy: There are far fewer variables involved with
quantitative research.
•It’s faster and easier: With quantitative data collection, you can step into the
world of automation.
•You can save money: Because they’re quicker to run, quantitative methods are
famously cost-effective.

9. Quantitative research involves analyzing and gathering
numerical data to uncover trends, calculate averages,
evaluate relationships, and derive overarching insights.
It’s used in various fields, including the natural and social
sciences.
Research designs in the quantitative realm outline how data
will be collected and analyzed with methods like experiments
and surveys.
Qualitative methods complement quantitative research by
focusing on non-numerical data, adding depth to
understanding.

10. Quantitative Research?
Quantitative research collects statistically significant
information from existing and potential customers
using sampling methods and sending out online
surveys, online polls, and questionnaires.

11. QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF RESEARCH
- Surveying to measure employee engagement with numerical rating scales.
- Analyzing sales data to identify trends in product demand and market
share.
- Examining test scores to assess the impact of a new teaching method on
student performance.

12. Quantitative Research Methods
Quantitative research methods are systematic approaches
used to gather and analyze numerical data to understand and
draw conclusions about a phenomenon or population.
•Primary quantitative research methods
•Secondary quantitative research methods

13. Primary Quantitative Research Methods
The distinct feature of primary research is that the
researcher focuses on collecting data directly rather than
depending on data collected from previously done
research.
Three Distinctive
A. Techniques and Types of Studies
B. Data Collection Methodologies
C. Data Analysis Techniques

14. A. Techniques and Types of Studies
1. Survey Research
- Surveys are used to ask questions to a sample of respondents, using various types
such as online polls, online surveys, paper questionnaires, web-intercept surveys, etc.
- It is the first step towards collecting data for any research.
- This type of research can be conducted with a specific target audience group and also
can be conducted across multiple groups along with comparative analysis.
2. Correlational Research
- Correlation research is conducted to establish a relationship between
two closely-knit entities how one impacts the other, and what changes are
eventually observed.
- This research method is carried out to give value to naturally occurring
relationships, and a minimum of two different groups are required to
conduct this quantitative research method successfully.

15. 3. Causal-comparative Research
- this quantitative research method is used by researchers to conclude
the cause-effect equation between two or more variables, where one
variable is dependent on the other independent variable.
- This research is conducted irrespective of the type of relationship that
exists between two or more variables. A statistical analysis plan is used
to present the outcome using this quantitative research method.

16. 4. Experimental Research
- This theory has yet to be proven before and is merely a supposition. In
experimental research, an analysis is done around proving or disproving
the statement.
- This research method is used in natural sciences. Traditional research
methods are more effective than modern techniques.

17. B. Data Collection Methodologies
The second major step in primary quantitative research is data
collection. Data collection can be divided into sampling methods and
data collection using surveys and polls.
1. Data Collection Methodologies: Sampling Methods
There are two main sampling methods for quantitative research:
Probability and Non-probability sampling.
Probability sampling: A theory of probability is used to filter individuals
from a population and create samples in píobability sampling.
Non-probability sampling: Non-probability sampling is where the
researcher’s knowledge and experience are used to create samples.

18. Probability Sampling
Four main types of probability sampling:
1.Simple random sampling: This sampling technique is implemented
where the target population is considerably large.
2.Stratified random sampling: In the stratified random sampling method,
a large population is divided into groups (strata), and members of a
sample are chosen randomly from these strata.
3.Cluster sampling: Cluster sampling is a probability sampling method
using which the main segment is divided into clusters,
4. Systematic sampling: Systematic sampling is a technique where the
starting point of the sample is chosen randomly, and all the other
elements are chosen using a fixed interval.

19. Non Probability Sampling
Five non-probability sampling models:
1.Convenience sampling: These samples are quick and easy to
implement as there is no other parameter of selection involved.
2.Consecutive sampling: Consecutive sampling is quite similar to
convenience sampling.
3.Quota sampling: Using quota sampling, researchers can select
elements using their knowledge of target traits and personalities to
form strata.
4. Snowball sampling: Snowball sampling is conducted with target
audiences who are difficult to contact and get information.
5.Judgmental sampling: Judgmental sampling is a non-probability
sampling method where samples are created only based on the
researcher’s experience and research skill.

20. 2. Data collection methodologies: Using surveys & polls
A survey is defined as a research method used for collecting data
from a pre-defined group of respondents to gain information and
insights on various topics of interest.
Survey Distribution and Survey Data Collection
Survey distribution to collect data is the other important aspect of the
survey process.
Email QR Code
Buy respondents SMS survey
Embed survey on a website Offline Survey App
Social distribution

21. Using polls for primary quantitative research
The most commonly used types of polls are election polls and exit polls.
Both of these are used to collect data from a large sample size but using
basic question types like multiple-choice questions.

22. C. Data Analysis Techniques
The third aspect of primary quantitative research design is data analysis.
•SWOT analysis: SWOT Analysis stands for the acronym of Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat analysis.
•Conjoint Analysis: Conjoint Analysis is a market analysis method to
learn how individuals make complicated purchasing decisions.
•Cross-tabulation: Cross-tabulation is one of the preliminary statistical
market analysis methods that establish relationships, patterns, and
trends within the various parameters of the research study.
•TURF Analysis: TURF Analysis, an acronym for Totally Unduplicated
Reach and Frequency Analysis, is executed in situations where the reach
of a favorable communication source is to be analyzed along with the
frequency of this communication.

23. Secondary Quantitative Research Methods
Secondary quantitative research or desk research is a research method
that involves using already existing data or secondary data.
Five popularly used secondary quantitative research methods:
1.Data available on the Internet: With the high penetration of the Internet and mobile
devices, it has become increasingly easy to conduct quantitative research using the
Internet.
2.Government and non-government sources: This data is highly reliable and in-depth
and hence, can be used to increase the validity of quantitative research design.
3.Public libraries: Public libraries have copies of important research that was conducted
earlier.
4. Educational institutions: Educational institutions conduct in-depth research on
multiple topics, and hence, the reports that they publish are an important source of
validation in quantitative research.
5.Commercial information sources: Local newspapers, journals, magazines, radio, and TV
stations are great sources to obtain data for secondary quantitative research.

24. Quantitative Research Examples
1. A customer satisfaction template can be used if any organization would like to
conduct a customer satisfaction (CSAT) survey.
This data can be collected by asking a net promoter score (NPS) question, matrix table
questions, etc. that provide data in the form of numbers that can be analyzed and
worked upon.
1. an organization that conducts an event, collecting feedback from attendees about the
value they see from the event. By using an event survey, the organization can collect
actionable feedback about the satisfaction levels of customers during various phases of
the event such as the sales, pre and post-event, the likelihood of recommending the
organization to their friends and colleagues, hotel preferences for the future events and
other such questions.

26. Summary
quantitative research involves collecting, analyzing, and
presenting quantitative data using statistical analysis. It offers
numerous advantages, including the collection of reliable and
accurate data, quick data collection, a broader scope of data
analysis, and the elimination of bias, making it a valuable
approach in the field of research.

27. Activity 2
1. What are the Advantages of Quantitative Research?
2. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS
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