The document outlines various research methods, including basic, applied, and developmental research, as well as their classifications such as library, field, and laboratory research. It also defines variables (independent, dependent, moderator, control, and intervening) and describes the components of the research process, difficulties encountered, characteristics of good research, and qualities of a good researcher. Key elements include the importance of empirical and analytical approaches in research, along with traits such as efficiency and creativity.

1. Research Methods
Alvin B. Manalang
Discussant

2. Research Methods

3. Topics
• 1.6 Types of Research
• 1.7 Meaning and Types of Variables
• 1.8 The Research Process
• 1.9 Difficulties Encountered in
Research
• 1.10 Characteristics of Good Research

4. Types of Research
1.Basic Research.
2.Applied Research.
3.Developmental Research.

5. Basic Research.
This is also called as
“fundamental research”
or “pure research.”

6. Applied Research
This type of research involves seeking
new applications of scientific
knowledge to the solution of a
problem, such as the development of a
new system or procedure new device,
or new method in order to solve the
problem.

7. Developmental Research
This is a decision-oriented research
involving the application of the
steps of the scientific method in
response to an immediate need to
improve existing practices.

8. Classification of Research
1.Library research.
2.Field research.
3.Laboratory research.

9. Library research
• This is done in the library
where answers to specific
questions or problems of the
study are available.

10. Field research
Here, research is
conducted in natural
setting.

11. Laboratory research
The research is conducted in
artificial or controlled
conditions by isolating the study
in a thoroughly specified and
equipped area.

12. The Variable
Meaning of Variable
A variable is defined as a quantity
susceptible of fluctuation or change in
value or magnitude under different
conditions. Numerical values or
categories represent these quantities.

13. Types of Variable
1.Independent variable.
2.Dependent variable.
3.Moderator variable.
4.Control variable.
5.Intervening variable.

14. Independent variable.
This is the stimulus variable
which is chosen by the
researcher to determine its
relationship to an observed
phenomenon.

15. Dependent variable.
This is the response variable
which is observed and
measured to determine the
effect of the independent
variable.

16. Moderator variable
This is a secondary or special type of
independent variable chosen by the
researcher to determine if it changes
or modifies the relationships between
the independent and dependent
variables.

17. Control variable
This is a variable that is controlled
by the investigator in which the
effects can be neutralized by
eliminating or removing the
variable

18. Intervening variable.
This is a variable which interferes
with the independent and
dependent variables, but its effects
can either strengthen or weaken
the independent and dependent
variables

19. Figure1.1 Illustrations of Independent,
Intervening, and Dependent Variables
Academic
rank
Age, Gender,
Civil Status,
Experiences,
Socio Economic
Status,Attitudes
Research
performance

20. Component of the Research Process
1. Problem/Objectives.
2. Hypotheses.
3. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.
4. Assumptions.
5. Review of Related Literature
6. Research Design
7. Data Collection
8. Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
9. Analysis and interpretation
10.Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations.

21. Difficulties Encountered in Research
1. Topic is Too Broad
2. Deciding Which Sources to Use
3. Formatting Problems
4. Weak Thesis
5. Not Giving Yourself Enough Time

22. Characteristics of Good Research
1.Empirical.
2.Logical.
3.Cyclical.
4.Analytical.
5.Critical.
6.Methodical.
7.Replicability.

23. Qualities of a Good Researcher
1. R- Research Oriented
2. E- Efficient
3. S- Scientific
4. E- Effective
5. A- Active
6. R- Resourceful
7. C- Creative
8. H- Honest
9. E- Economical
10.R- Religious

24. •Thank You!!!
•God Bless Us!!!