The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined and research design/plan chalked out. The term processing refers to the searching for patterns of relationship that exist among data-groups. Processing

1. Data Collection and Processing
Methods
Presented by
Sajad Ahmad Rather
Research Scholar
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering And Technology
Pondicherry University
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2. Table Of Contents
• Data Collection
• Interview Method
• Questionnaires
• Schedules
• Case Study
• Pilot Study
• Data Processing
• Tabulation
• Conclusion
• References
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3. Data Collection
• The task of data collection begins after a
research problem has been defined and
research design/plan chalked out.
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4. Collection of Primary Data
Experiment
• An experiment refers to an investigation in
which a factor or variable under test is
isolated and its effect(s) measured.
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5. Survey
• Survey refers to a technique of gathering
information regarding a variable under study,
from the respondents of the population.
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6. Interview Method
• The interview method of collecting data
involves presentation of oral-verbal stimuli
and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses.
Types of Interview Methods
o Personal Interview method
o Telephonic Interview method
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7. Personal Interview
• Personal interview method requires a person
known as the interviewer asking questions
generally in a face-to-face contact to the other
person or persons.
Telephonic Interview
• This method of collecting information consists
in contacting respondents on telephone itself.
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8. Questionnaires
• A questionnaire consists of a number of
questions printed or typed in a definite order
on a form or set of forms.
Main aspects of a questionnaire
o General form
o Question sequence
o Question formulation and wording
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9. Essentials of a good questionnaire
• Personal and intimate questions should be left
to the end.
• There should be some control questions in the
questionnaire which indicate the reliability of
the respondent.
• There should always be provision for
indications of uncertainty, e.g., “do not know,”
“no preference” and so on.
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10. Schedules
• This method of data collection is very much
like the questionnaire, with little difference
which lies in the fact that schedules (proforma
containing a set of questions) are being filled
in by the enumerators who are specially
appointed for the purpose.
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11. Enumerator
o A person employed in taking a census of the
population.
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12. Case Study
• The case study method is a very popular form
of qualitative analysis and involves a careful
and complete observation of a social unit, be
that unit a person, a family, an institution, a
cultural group or even the entire community.
• Best example: Writing the Biography of a
person.
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13. Pilot Study
• The term 'pilot study' refers to mini version or
pre-testing of a full-scale study, e.g. Software
testing.
OR
• A small-scale test of the methods and
procedures to be used on a larger scale, e.g.
implementation of a government scheme.
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“The fundamental purpose of
conducting a pilot study is to
examine the feasibility of an
approach that is intended to
ultimately be used in a larger
scale study”.

16. Data Processing
• The term processing refers to the searching
for patterns of relationship that exist among
data-groups.
Processing operations
o Editing
o Coding
o Classification
o Tabulation
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17. Editing
oEditing of data is a process of examining
the collected raw data to detect errors
and omissions and to correct these when
possible.
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18. Coding
o Coding refers to the process of assigning
numerals or other symbols to answers so that
responses can be put into a limited number of
categories or classes.
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19. Classification
o It is the process of arranging data in groups or
classes on the basis of common
characteristics.
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20. Tabulation
• The process of organization of data in a
concise and logical order is known as
tabulation.
• In a broader sense, tabulation is an orderly
arrangement of data in columns and rows.
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21. Types of Tabulation
o One-way Tabulation
o Two-way Tabulation
o Complex Tabulation
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22. One-way Tabulation
o When the data are tabulated to on characteristic, it
is said to be a simple tabulation or one-way
tabulation. For Example;
o Tabulation of data on the population of the world
classified by one characteristic like religion is an
example of a one-way tabulation.
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23. Two-way Tabulation
o When the data are tabulated according to two
characteristics at a time, it is said to be a double
tabulation or two-way tabulation. For example;
o Tabulation of data on the population of the world
classified by two characteristics like religion and
gender is an example of a one-way tabulation.
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24. Complex Tabulation
o When the data are tabulated according to two
characteristics at a time, it is said to be a double
tabulation or two-way tabulation. For Example;
o Tabulation of data on the population of the world
classified by two characteristics like religion, gender,
and literacy, etc. is an example of a complex
tabulation.
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25. Conclusion
• Accurate data collection is essential to
maintaining the integrity of research.
• Data processing is essential for a scientific
study and for ensuring that we have all
relevant data for making contemplated
comparisons and analysis.
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26. References
• Research Methodology: Methods and
Techniques by C. R. Kothari.
• Data Collection and Analysis By Dr. Roger Saps
ford.
• Research Techniques in Human Engineering by
Weimer.
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28. ANY QUESTIONS?
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29. Thank You
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