This document discusses the traditional IMRD format for research papers and theses. It describes the typical sections included in the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. The introduction includes the background, problem statement, framework, and research questions or hypotheses. The methods section outlines the research design, participants, data collection procedures, and analysis methods. The results section presents the key findings from the research. Finally, the discussion section analyzes and interprets the results, discusses limitations, and provides conclusions and recommendations.

1. LESSON NO. 4
RESEARCH FORMATS
ROMALYN A. RIZARDO

2. TRADITIONAL FORMAT IMRD
Chapter 1 – The Problem and
Its Setting
• Theoretical/ Conceptual
• Statement of the Problem
• Hypothesis of the Study
• Assumptions of the Study
• Scope and Delimitations
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms
INTRODUCTION
• Background of the Study
(This part contains the following but
there are no specific sections for them:
- Review of related studies and
literature
- Definition of important terms
- Significance of the study
• Statement of the Problem
• Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
• Hypothesis of the Study (if
applicable)
• Assumptions of the Study (if
applicable)

3. TRADITIONAL FORMAT IMRD
Note:
The IMRD does not have the
Scope and Delimitation section.
Instead, the IMRD paper identifies
the limitations of the study, which
refer to the constraints in the
conduct of the study.
Most papers discuss this in the
opening paragraph of the Results
section or the Discussion section

4. TRADITIONAL FORMAT IMRD
Chapter 2 – Review of
Related Literature
• Conceptual
Literature
• Related Literature
• Synthesis

5. TRADITIONAL FORMAT IMRD
CHAPTER 3 -
METHODOLOGY
METHODS OR
METHODOLOGY
• Research Design
• Population or Corpora of the Study (for
document analysis)
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Analysis of the Data
• Statistical Treatment (for Quantitative)

6. TRADITIONAL FORMAT IMRD
CHAPTER 4 –
PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
RESULTS
• Answers to specific
problems of the study
DISCUSSION
Limitations of the Study
Analysis and Interpretation
Data
Implications
Conclusion
Recommendations

7. TRADITIONAL FORMAT IMRD
CHAPTER 5 – SUMMARY,
CONCLUSIONS, and
RECOMMENDATIONS
Note:
Conclusion and
Recommendations are
numbered
Note:
Conclusion and
Recommendations are
presented in paragraphs.