The document summarizes a study that tested the effectiveness of using jackfruit peelings to create charcoal briquettes. The researchers collected jackfruit peelings and used a pyrolysis process to turn them into charcoal. They then tested the efficiency of the jackfruit charcoal briquettes and compared them to commercially available charcoals. The researchers found that the jackfruit charcoal briquettes were as effective as commercial charcoals for fuel. Using agricultural waste like jackfruit peelings to create charcoal provides an alternative fuel source and helps reduce environmental impacts.

1. Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Peelings
As Charcoal Briquette
RESEARCHERS:
JR Mae Christine D. Ecoben
Inee Fritz P. Gesta
Quillrose Roamee L. Nalaza

2. INTRODUCTION
Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained
by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal andvegetation substances.
Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in
the absence of oxygen (see char and biochar). It is usually an impure form of carbon as it
contains ash; however, sugar charcoal is among the purest forms of carbon readily available,
particularly if it is not made by heating but by a dehydration reaction with sulfuric acid to
minimise the introduction of new impurities, as impurities can be removed from the sugar in
advance. The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal.
Jackfruit is one of its own kind of tropical fruits, recognized for its unique shape, size, and
fruity flavor of its bulbs that can be appreciated from a distance. it is also rich in energy,
dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins and free from saturated fats or cholesterol, making it one
of the healthy summer treats to relish! Jackfruit is rich in dietary fiber, which makes it a good
bulk laxative. The fiber content helps protect the colon mucous membrane by binding to and
eliminating cancer-causing chemicals from the colon. Jackfruit is a good source of
antioxidant vitamin-C, provides about 13.7 mg or 23% of RDA. Consumption of foods rich
in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge
harmful free radicals.It is one of the rare fruits that is rich in B-complex group of vitamins. It
contains very good amounts of vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine), niacin, riboflavin, and folic acid.
The researchers decided to test the effectiveness of Jackfruit Peelings as a Charcoal
Briquette.

3. Statement of the Problem
This study entitled “Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Peelings as a Charcoal
Briquette” aims to know the feasibility of this fruit as souce of fuel or charcoal.
Specifically , it sought to answer the following questions:
• How is this charcoal different from the other commercially known charcoal?
• Is this charcoal going to be an effective one as a replacement of an LPG?
Hyphotesis
Null hypothesis (Ho):
There is no significant difference between the efficiency of the charcoal that is made
from the peelings extract of Jackfruit to other commercially known charcoals.
Alternative hypothesis (Ha):
There is a significant difference between the efficiency of the charcoal that is made from
the peelings extract of Jackfruit to other commercially known charcoals.

4. REVIEW OF RELATED LIERATURE
In the United States, functional foods are not officially recognized as a regulatory
category by the FDA. However, several organizations have proposed definitions for this rapidly
growing food category, most notably the International Food Information Council (IFIC) and the
Institute of Food Technologists. The IFIC considers as functional foods those that include any
food or food component that may have health benefits beyond basic nutrition (IFIC 2009).
Similarly, a recent report of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT 2009) defined functional
foods as “foods and food components that provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition (for the
intended population). These substances provide essential nutrients often beyond quantities
necessary for normal maintenance, growth, and development, and/or other biologically active
components that impart health benefits or desirable physiological effects.”The concept of
functional food is complex and may refer to many possible aspects, including food obtained by
any process, whose particular characteristic is that one or more of its components, whether or not
that component is itself a nutrient, affects the target function of the organism in a specific and
positive way, promoting a physiological or psychological effect beyond the merely nutritional
(Vinuda-Martos and others 2010).
The positive effect of a functional food may include the maintenance of health or well being, or a
reduction in the risk of suffering a given illness (Alvarez and others 2003). Functional food may

5. be obtained by modifying one or more of the ingredients, or by eliminating the same (Alvarez
and others 2003). To develop these types of products, one must evaluate consumer perceptions,
the most important quality aspects being that they taste good, appear wholesome, and have
nutritional value (Garciıa-Segovia and others 2007). Also, Alvarez and others (2003) describe
that any functional food must be safe, wholesome, and tasty.
Jackfruit conforms to this definition in several ways, although the establishment of any function
would involve identifying the bioactive components to help specify their possible beneficial
effects on health.
Charcoal is becoming more and more a scarce product in East Africa and is not only
contributing to severe environmental problem like deforestation and soil erosion, but also pauses
serious health hazards like diseases linked with respiratory systems.
The use of trees on making charcoals has been a major factor that contributes to the
climate change in developing countries especially East Africa. Thousands of tones of trees have
been cut and the trend is still going on, despite the efforts made by different governments in the
region to stop people from this long rooted behavior of cutting trees for charcoal making.
Banana is a plant that can save the region from becoming dry if people will be taught other
benefits of banana apart from the one they know, which is food. If the government leaders,
especially politicians will advocate for the banana plantation, trees will be saved from being the
only source of charcoal.Banana peels can be used as another source of making charcoal without
causing hazards in the environment.Hajji Mohammed Kawere is a Chief Executive Officer
(CEO) of UGASTOVE Uganda Ltd, a company that deals in the production and giving out of
various kinds of biomass technologies which include energy saving stoves for households,

6. institutional saving stoves, baking ovens, incinerators, fire-less box cookers and charcoal
briquettes. Kawere revealed that it takes lots of trees to come up with 10kg of charcoal compared
to banana peels which do not cost anything when used to make charcoal.
Signifance of the Study
People living in big cities have scarcity in coal. By this study, it will help the people on
how to find coal. This study can contribute to the easiest method in making coal as an alternative
fuel source.
People now and then start recycling some peeling of a fruit or vegetable. With this,
we can lessen problems that the people are facing, like garbage that are scattered in the
surroundings. It can make work easier and can save money. It can also lessen the numbers of
woods that are cut down to make wood charcoal.
Scope and Limitations
The study will focus primarily in determining the effectiveness of Jackfruit
(Artocarposheterophyllus) Peelings as a Charcoal Briquette. It will also focus on the difference
in terms of efficiency between commercialized charcoal. This study will cover and aim to test
whether the charcoal from Jackfruit Peelings can be a complete substitute to the commercialized
ones . The charcoal will undergo flammability test. It also aspires to search for other alternative
source of fuel.

7. METHODOLOGY
A. DATA GATHERING
1. Sample collection
Lantana camara leaves will be collected with the help of some people who have with the
collection of the plant.
2. Extracting leaf extract from Lantana camara.
The leaf of Lantana camara will be collected and will be air dried for 3 days. The dried
leaves were pounded by the use of a mortar and a pestle. The pounded leaves were extracted
using a clean cloth.
B. MAKING OF BIOFUEL
MATERIALS:
100 ml methanol baster
glass blender or mixer 2 lamp
3.5 grams of lye ½ liter of leaf extract of Lantana camara
wide-mouthed glass container or pitcher
100 ml methanol is will be added to a glass blender or mixer (the blender or mixer to is set to
"low”). 3.5 grams of lye will be added to the blender. This process will take about two
minutes. Proceed when mixture is clear, with no undissolved particles. 1 liter of the Lantana
camara leaf extract will be heated to 130° F (55° C). The hot leaf extract is added to the mixture.
The new mixture will be allowed to blend for about 20-30 minutes. As the reaction proceeds, two
products will be formed - biodiesel and glycerin. The mixture will be poured into a wide-
mouthed glass container or pitcher (allow mixture to sit).
The mixture will separate into two layers - biodiesel and glycerin. Because biodiesel is less

8. dense than glycerin, it floats, forming the top layer. The mixture will bw allowed to sit for
several hours. When the mixture separate completely, carefully keep the top layer to use as
biofuel. The top layer will be separated from the bottom by pouring it off very carefully or using
a baster or pump.
C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study
D. TESTING OF THE BIOFUEL
The flammability of the biodiesel is tested by using lamp.
Experimental Set-up
Table for testing the flammability of the biofuel
Time (hours) color heat density
Biofuel (lantana
camara extract)
Commercialized
biofuel
Lantana camara leaves
• Collecting of leaves from the Lantana
camara plant.
• Air-drying the leaves.
• Pounding and extracting the leaves.
• Making biofuel with the use of the
Biofuel was made out from Lantana
camara leaves

9. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
In this research proposal the researcher will choose the One-Way ANOVA. This test can be
used for the case of a quantitative outcome with a categorical explanatory variable that has two
or more levels of treatment. The term one way, also called one-factor, indicates that there is a
single explanatory variable (“treatment”) with two or more levels, and only one level of
treatment is applied at any time for a given subject. In this case, the researcher will use this One-
Way ANOVA so that she can help prove the study, “The Effectiveness of Lantana (Lantana
camara)Leaf extract as Biofuel”. In using this case it can help for the justification if there is a
significant effect variation from each other. By using this test, we can barely identify if the
researcher’s study is effective or not.

10. CURICCULUM VITAE
Inee Fritz P. Gesta
EDUCATION:
Elementary
Surigao City Central Elementary School
Diez St. ,Surigao City
High School
Caraga Regional Science High School
P-10 Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City
PARENTS:
Father
Inocencio A. Gesta
Mother
Fritzie P. Gesta
CURRENT ADRRESS:
Bagong Silang 1, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte

11. REFERENCES:
Websites:
http://biogas-technology.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/about-biogas.html?m=1
www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2014/06/29/biogas-an-alternative -energy-source-
for-farmers-gea/
www.environmental-protection.org.uk/committees/air-quality/air-pollution-and-
transport/car-pollution
http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/fcb/cars-and-air-pollution.asp
http://www.stuartxchange.com/kantutay.html
http//:www.ntbg.org/plants/plant.details.php.plantid=6862
www.wikipedia.com.ph
BOOKS:
• Amazing Healing plants (volume 1)
Author: Dr. JC Kurian
COPYRIGHT 2010
• World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Authors: R.Saini / S.S Kanwar / O.P Sharma/ M.K. Gupta
COPYRIGHT 2003
• Merriam-Webster dictionary

12. Appendices