The study aims to test the effectiveness of Lantana camara leaf extract as an alternative biofuel source. Researchers will collect Lantana camara leaves, dry them, extract the leaves, and use the extract to make biofuel. The biofuel will then be tested and compared to commercial biofuels based on characteristics like flammability, color, heat, and density over time. If Lantana camara biofuel performs similarly to commercial biofuels, it could serve as a renewable and less polluting alternative fuel source.

1. Effectiveness of Lantana (Lantana camara)
Leaf Extract as Biofuel
RESEARCHERS:
JR Mae Christine D. Ecoben
Inee Fritz P. Gesta
Quillrose Roamee L. Nalaza

2. INTRODUCTION
Biofuel is very important in today’s world as it is a pollution free source of energy at a
very low cost. However, one of its major limitations is the availability of the source. To
overcome this problem, emphasis has been laid in other plants.
Because of this, the researcher decided to test the effectiveness of Lantana camara as an
alternative source of biofuel.

3. Statement of the Problem
This study entitled “Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophylllus) Peelings Extract as Biofuel”
aims to know the feasibility of this fruit as a pollutant-free fuel.
Specifically , it sought to answer the following questions:
• How is this biofuel different from the other commercially known fuel?
• Is this biofuel going to be an effective one and can be an alternative source of biofuel?
Hyphotesis
Null hypothesis (Ho):
There is no significant difference between the efficiency of the biofuel that is made from
the peelings extract of Jackfruit to other commercially known fuels.
Alternative hypothesis (Ha):
There is a significant difference between the efficiency of the biofuel that is made from
the peelings extract of Jackfruit to other commercially known fuels.

4. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
No one knows the jackfruit's place of origin but it is believed indigenous to the rainforests of the
Western Ghats. It is cultivated at low elevations throughout India, Burma, Ceylon, southern
China, Malaya, and the East Indies. It is common in the Philippines, both cultivated and
naturalized. It is grown to a limited extent in Queensland and Mauritius. In Africa, it is often
planted in Kenya, Uganda and former Zanzibar. Though planted in Hawaii prior to 1888, it is
still rare there and in other Pactfic islands, as it is in most of tropical America and the West
Indies. It was introduced into northern Brazil in the mid-19th Century and is more popular there
and in Surinam than elsewhere in the New World.
Fruit: In some areas, the jackfruit is fed to cattle. The tree is even planted in pastures so that the
animals can avail themselves of the fallen fruits. Surplus jackfruit rind is considered a good stock
food.
Leaves: Young leaves are readily eaten by cattle and other livestock and are said to be fattening.
In India, the leaves are used as food wrappers in cooking, and they are also fastened together for
use as plates.

5. Latex: The latex serves as birdlime, alone or mixed with Ficus sap and oil from Schleichera
trijuga Willd. The heated latex is employed as a household cement for mending chinaware and
earthenware, and to caulk boats and holes in buckets. The chemical constituents of the latex have
been reported by Tanchico and Magpanlay. It is not a substitue for rubber but contains 82.6 to
86.4% resins which may have value in varnishes. Its bacteriolytic activity is equal to that of
papaya latex.
Wood: Jackwood is an important timber in Ceylon and, to a lesser extent, in India; some is
exported to Europe. It changes with age from orange or yellow to brown or dark-red; is termite
proof, fairly resistant to fungal and bacterial decay, seasons without difficulty, resembles
mahogany and is superior to teak for furniture, construction, turnery, masts, oars, implements,
brush backs and musical instruments. Palaces were built of jackwood in Bali and Macassar, and
the limited supply was once reserved for temples in Indochina. Its strength is 75 to 80% that of
teak. Though sharp tools are needed to achieve a smooth surface, it polishes beautifully. Roots of
old trees are greatly prized for carving and picture framing. Dried branches are employed to
produce fire by friction in religious ceremonies in Malabar.
From the sawdust of jackwood or chips of the heartwood, boiled with alum, there is derived a
rich yellow dye commonly used for dyeing silk and the cotton robes of Buddhist priests. In
Indonesia, splinters of the wood are put into the bamboo tubes collecting coconut toddy in order
to impart a yellow tone to the sugar. Besides the yellow colorant, morin, the wood contains the
colorless cyanomaclurin and a new yellow coloring matter, artocarpin, was reported by workers
in Bombay in 1955. Six other flavonoids have been isolated at the National Chemical
Laboratory, Poona.

6. Bark: There is only 3.3% tannin in the bark which is occasionally made into cordage or cloth.
Medicinal Uses: The Chinese consider jackfruit pulp and seeds tonic, cooling and nutritious, and
to be "useful in overcoming the influence of alcohol on the system." The seed starch is given to
relieve biliousness and the roasted seeds are regarded as aphrodisiac. The ash of jackfruit leaves,
burned with corn and coconut shells, is used alone or mixed with coconut oil to heal ulcers. The
dried latex yields artostenone, convertible to artosterone, a compound with marked androgenic
action. Mixed with vinegar, the latex promotes healing of abscesses, snakebite and glandular
swellings. The root is a remedy for skin diseases and asthma. An extract of the root is taken in
cases of fever and diarrhea. The bark is made into poultices. Heated leaves are placed on
wounds. The wood has a sedative property; its pith is said to produce abortion.
The evidence of Climate change is glaring as the day goes by, one of the major
contributor is pollution caused by vehicles which emits air pollutants because of the
type of fuel used, that can cause the ozone layer to slowly deplete. Scientist had been given
enough reasons to discover a pollution free fuel and it is what we call biofuel.
A biofuel is a fuel that contains energy from geologically recent carbon fixation, such as
plants. These fuels are produced from living organisms. Biofuel can be used as fuel for cooking
and for cars. It is more suitable to use since it is a pollution-free gas and by using this we can
help save our mother earth. However, one of its major limitations is the availability of the source
and the need to find some plants that produces itself quickly and at the same time can be an
alternative source in order to continue the use of the biogas to the near future.

7. Signifance of the Study
The study aims to minimize the use of commercially known biofuels which causes
air pollution and also health problems.
This study can give information to find more alternative source in making biofuel for
future generation so that we can also avoid air pollution since the product is environmental-
friendly. The information that can be derive in this study can also give additional information in
our quest to find cheaper and local alternative sources as replacement for expensive ones.
This study can also contribute new knowledge to other researchers because the findings
of this study can inspire them to conduct researches on other plants that can be an alternative
source for biofuel.

8. Scope and Limitations
The study will focus primarily in determining the effectiveness of Jackfruit peelings as an
alternative source for making a biofuel. It will also focus on the difference in terms of efficiency
between commercialized fuel and the biofuel. This study will cover and aim to test whether the
biofuel from jackfruit can be a complete substitute to the commercialized ones . The biofuel will
undergo flammability test. It also aspires to search for other alternative source of biofuel.

9. METHODOLOGY
A. DATA GATHERING
1. Sample collection
Lantana camara leaves will be collected with the help of some people who have with the
collection of the plant.
2. Extracting leaf extract from Lantana camara.
The leaf of Lantana camara will be collected and will be air dried for 3 days. The dried
leaves were pounded by the use of a mortar and a pestle. The pounded leaves were extracted
using a clean cloth.
B. MAKING OF BIOFUEL
MATERIALS:
100 ml methanol baster
glass blender or mixer 2 lamp
3.5 grams of lye ½ liter of leaf extract of Lantana camara
wide-mouthed glass container or pitcher
100 ml methanol is will be added to a glass blender or mixer (the blender or mixer to is set to
"low”). 3.5 grams of lye will be added to the blender. This process will take about two
minutes. Proceed when mixture is clear, with no undissolved particles. 1 liter of the Lantana
camara leaf extract will be heated to 130° F (55° C). The hot leaf extract is added to the mixture.
The new mixture will be allowed to blend for about 20-30 minutes. As the reaction proceeds, two
products will be formed - biodiesel and glycerin. The mixture will be poured into a wide-
mouthed glass container or pitcher (allow mixture to sit).
The mixture will separate into two layers - biodiesel and glycerin. Because biodiesel is less

10. dense than glycerin, it floats, forming the top layer. The mixture will bw allowed to sit for
several hours. When the mixture separate completely, carefully keep the top layer to use as
biofuel. The top layer will be separated from the bottom by pouring it off very carefully or using
a baster or pump.
C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study
D. TESTING OF THE BIOFUEL
The flammability of the biodiesel is tested by using lamp.
Experimental Set-up
Table for testing the flammability of the biofuel
Time (hours) color heat density
Biofuel (lantana
camara extract)
Commercialized
biofuel
Lantana camara leaves
• Collecting of leaves from the Lantana
camara plant.
• Air-drying the leaves.
• Pounding and extracting the leaves.
• Making biofuel with the use of the
Biofuel was made out from Lantana
camara leaves

11. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
In this research proposal the researcher will choose the One-Way ANOVA. This test can be
used for the case of a quantitative outcome with a categorical explanatory variable that has two
or more levels of treatment. The term one way, also called one-factor, indicates that there is a
single explanatory variable (“treatment”) with two or more levels, and only one level of
treatment is applied at any time for a given subject. In this case, the researcher will use this One-
Way ANOVA so that she can help prove the study, “The Effectiveness of Lantana (Lantana
camara)Leaf extract as Biofuel”. In using this case it can help for the justification if there is a
significant effect variation from each other. By using this test, we can barely identify if the
researcher’s study is effective or not.

12. CURICCULUM VITAE
Inee Fritz P. Gesta
EDUCATION:
Elementary
Surigao City Central Elementary School
Diez St. ,Surigao City
High School
Caraga Regional Science High School
P-10 Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City
PARENTS:
Father
Inocencio A. Gesta
Mother
Fritzie P. Gesta
CURRENT ADRRESS:
Bagong Silang 1, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte

13. REFERENCES:
Websites:
http://biogas-technology.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/about-biogas.html?m=1
www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2014/06/29/biogas-an-alternative -energy-source-
for-farmers-gea/
www.environmental-protection.org.uk/committees/air-quality/air-pollution-and-
transport/car-pollution
http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/fcb/cars-and-air-pollution.asp
http://www.stuartxchange.com/kantutay.html
http//:www.ntbg.org/plants/plant.details.php.plantid=6862
www.wikipedia.com.ph
BOOKS:
• Amazing Healing plants (volume 1)
Author: Dr. JC Kurian
COPYRIGHT 2010
• World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Authors: R.Saini / S.S Kanwar / O.P Sharma/ M.K. Gupta
COPYRIGHT 2003
• Merriam-Webster dictionary

14. Appendices