This document provides an overview of a research study on developing a lakadbulan juice with different flavors. The introduction discusses the health benefits of lakadbulan and why adding flavors would make the juice more appealing. The objectives, hypotheses, and significance of the study are outlined. A literature review is provided on the main ingredients - lakadbulan, apple, calamansi, dark chocolate, and melon. The review discusses the nutritional and health benefits of each ingredient. The scope, limitations, and conceptual framework are also summarized.
The study aims to test the effectiveness of extracts from carabo and ampalaya leaves in killing cockroaches as a natural and affordable alternative to commercial pesticides. The researchers created different solutions of the extracts to submerge cockroaches in and observe their mortality over time. If proven effective, the natural extract solution could provide environmental and health benefits over synthetic pesticides.
1. The study investigated whether oregano leaves can be used as an air freshener or insecticide.
2. Different mixtures of oregano extract and water were tested to determine which lasted longest as an air freshener. The 100% oregano extract lasted the longest without dilution.
3. It was concluded that oregano leaves make an effective natural air freshener and the scent strength depends on the concentration of oregano extract used.
This document presents research on an organic insecticide made from ginger and vinegar. The researchers tested different mixtures of ginger, vinegar, and water in 4 trials to determine the most effective formulation. Their findings showed that the trial with the highest ginger concentration killed insects the fastest, in under 20 seconds. The researchers concluded that this organic insecticide provides an effective and environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. They recommend its use to reduce populations of disease-carrying insects like mosquitoes.
This document is a science project investigating the use of lemon grass, chili, pepper, and ginger extracts as natural insect repellents against fire ants. The study tested lemon grass extract alone and lemon grass extract combined with chili, pepper, and ginger to determine which was more effective and long-lasting. Candies treated with each extract were observed in an open field to count the number of fire ants attracted over time. The results showed that the combination extract was effective at repelling fire ants for 40-45 minutes, while lemon grass alone only worked for 25-30 minutes, demonstrating that the combined extract provided a more effective and longer-lasting natural insect repellent.
The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellentJohn Daniel Gumban
This study investigated the effectiveness of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) as a natural insect repellent. The researcher extracted lemon grass's natural oils and compounds using steam distillation. Two candies were observed - one treated with lemon grass extract and one without. After 14 minutes, ants approached the untreated candy but ignored the candy with lemon grass extract. The results showed that lemon grass is an effective natural insect repellent due to compounds like citral and citronella that repel insects.
Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) Fruit Extract as a perfumeJulienne Mae Potonia
The study aims to develop a natural perfume using calamansi fruit extract as a substitute for chemicals. Calamansi is abundant in the Philippines and contains citric acid, shown to have aromatic properties. The study will test perfumes with 25, 30, and 45 mg/ml of calamansi extract on subjects, comparing fragrance and price to commercial perfumes. It is hypothesized that calamansi extract can effectively substitute for chemicals in perfumes. The study seeks to benefit the environment, health, and Filipino economy by providing a natural alternative to traditional perfumes.
Research paper - Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) Fruit Extract as PerfumeJulienne Mae Potonia
This document provides an introduction, statement of the problem, literature review, methodology, and procedures for a study investigating whether calamansi fruit extract can be used as a substitute for chemicals in perfumes. The study aims to develop a natural perfume using calamansi extract, which is abundant in the Philippines. The methodology will involve extracting calamansi juice and mixing it with essential oils and vodka at different concentrations to test for fragrance. Subjects will evaluate the calamansi perfumes and a commercial perfume. The researchers hypothesize that the calamansi perfume can be an effective alternative to commercial perfumes.
The study aims to test the effectiveness of extracts from carabo and ampalaya leaves in killing cockroaches as a natural and affordable alternative to commercial pesticides. The researchers created different solutions of the extracts to submerge cockroaches in and observe their mortality over time. If proven effective, the natural extract solution could provide environmental and health benefits over synthetic pesticides.
1. The study investigated whether oregano leaves can be used as an air freshener or insecticide.
2. Different mixtures of oregano extract and water were tested to determine which lasted longest as an air freshener. The 100% oregano extract lasted the longest without dilution.
3. It was concluded that oregano leaves make an effective natural air freshener and the scent strength depends on the concentration of oregano extract used.
This document presents research on an organic insecticide made from ginger and vinegar. The researchers tested different mixtures of ginger, vinegar, and water in 4 trials to determine the most effective formulation. Their findings showed that the trial with the highest ginger concentration killed insects the fastest, in under 20 seconds. The researchers concluded that this organic insecticide provides an effective and environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. They recommend its use to reduce populations of disease-carrying insects like mosquitoes.
This document is a science project investigating the use of lemon grass, chili, pepper, and ginger extracts as natural insect repellents against fire ants. The study tested lemon grass extract alone and lemon grass extract combined with chili, pepper, and ginger to determine which was more effective and long-lasting. Candies treated with each extract were observed in an open field to count the number of fire ants attracted over time. The results showed that the combination extract was effective at repelling fire ants for 40-45 minutes, while lemon grass alone only worked for 25-30 minutes, demonstrating that the combined extract provided a more effective and longer-lasting natural insect repellent.
The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellentJohn Daniel Gumban
This study investigated the effectiveness of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) as a natural insect repellent. The researcher extracted lemon grass's natural oils and compounds using steam distillation. Two candies were observed - one treated with lemon grass extract and one without. After 14 minutes, ants approached the untreated candy but ignored the candy with lemon grass extract. The results showed that lemon grass is an effective natural insect repellent due to compounds like citral and citronella that repel insects.
Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) Fruit Extract as a perfumeJulienne Mae Potonia
The study aims to develop a natural perfume using calamansi fruit extract as a substitute for chemicals. Calamansi is abundant in the Philippines and contains citric acid, shown to have aromatic properties. The study will test perfumes with 25, 30, and 45 mg/ml of calamansi extract on subjects, comparing fragrance and price to commercial perfumes. It is hypothesized that calamansi extract can effectively substitute for chemicals in perfumes. The study seeks to benefit the environment, health, and Filipino economy by providing a natural alternative to traditional perfumes.
Research paper - Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) Fruit Extract as PerfumeJulienne Mae Potonia
This document provides an introduction, statement of the problem, literature review, methodology, and procedures for a study investigating whether calamansi fruit extract can be used as a substitute for chemicals in perfumes. The study aims to develop a natural perfume using calamansi extract, which is abundant in the Philippines. The methodology will involve extracting calamansi juice and mixing it with essential oils and vodka at different concentrations to test for fragrance. Subjects will evaluate the calamansi perfumes and a commercial perfume. The researchers hypothesize that the calamansi perfume can be an effective alternative to commercial perfumes.
This document presents an investigatory project on creating an organic insecticide using ginger and vinegar. The project was conducted by 7 researchers from Diaz College in the Philippines to fulfill course requirements in physics, math, and English. It details the background of ginger and vinegar, the methodology used to create 4 different mixtures of ginger and vinegar, and plans to test their effectiveness on insects. The goal is to produce a natural and environmentally-friendly insecticide as an alternative to toxic chemical insecticides.
This document provides an overview of a science investigatory project that examines the effectiveness of Blumea balsamifera (sambong) tea against Escherichia coli. It acknowledges those who supported the project and dedicates it to supportive parents, teachers, and God. The abstract summarizes that the study aims to prove sambong is effective at killing E. coli and provides an herbal tea using sambong as the main ingredient. The introduction provides background on diarrheal diseases and traditional herbal treatments. The study hypothesizes that sambong tea can kill E. coli.
This document describes an experiment to create ink from tea bags. Two setups were used - one with vinegar and cornstarch added, and one without. Boiling the tea bags extracted color from the leaves. The setup with vinegar and cornstarch produced a darker, thicker ink that maintained its color when dry. The researchers concluded that tea bags can be used to make ink, and vinegar and cornstarch help achieve the right color and consistency.
The document discusses the development and benefits of an herbal coffee made from bitter melon and malunggay seeds. It aims to address issues of waste reduction and provide health benefits. Researchers created "Ampalunggay Herbal Coffee" using a process of toasting, grinding, and brewing the seeds. The coffee is proposed to help lower diabetes risk from antioxidants in the seeds while also reducing food waste. The document reviews related literature on coffee's health benefits and studies on using plant materials for alternative coffees or medicines.
“EFFECTIVENESS OF MAKABUHAY (Tinospora rumphii Boerl) STEM EXTRACT IN ELIMINA...Manong Inday
This document summarizes a research proposal that aims to determine the effectiveness of Makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii Boerl) stem extract in eliminating American cockroaches (Periplanta Americana). The study introduces American cockroaches as a common pest and discusses using Makabuhay stem extract as a potential natural alternative to commercial pesticides. The conceptual framework outlines that the study will test different concentrations of Makabuhay extract on cockroaches to analyze its effects on mortality rates. A literature review covers related studies on natural pest control methods.
This document discusses experiments to create ink from tea bags. Two experimental set-ups are used: Set-up A adds vinegar and cornstarch, while Set-up B only includes tea bags steeped in water. Observations found Set-up A's ink had a darker, more consistent color and thicker consistency when dried. Vinegar is added to improve color stability. The experiments support creating improvised ink from common ingredients like tea bags, showing boiling and straining effectively extract color from tea.
Lemongrass extract was tested as a natural insect repellent. Two candies were observed, one treated with lemongrass extract and one without. After 20 minutes, many more ants approached the untreated candy compared to the lemongrass-treated candy, which few ants approached. This suggests that lemongrass extract is an effective natural insect repellent, likely due to its citral and citronella content, which have been shown to repel insects.
This document summarizes a research report assessing the effectiveness of lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon) for water purification. The study examined the potency of lemon grass oil in destroying bacteria in water at different dose levels and contact times against the standard chlorine disinfectant. Water samples were treated with either 2ml or 4ml of lemon grass oil or chlorine for 10 or 30 minutes. Results showed that at 2ml/10mins, chlorine was more effective at reducing bacterial load, but at 4ml/30mins there was no significant difference between chlorine and lemon grass oil. The study concluded that lemon grass oil can effectively reduce bacterial load in water, especially at higher concentrations and longer contact times.
The researchers developed a candy made from calamansi rind to help the environment and provide a healthy, inexpensive snack. Calamansi is commonly found in Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, and is rich in Vitamin C. The researchers hypothesized that calamansi rind can be made into a sweetened candy and that this candy would contain nutritional values and last a certain period of time if not consumed. They aimed to test how calamansi rind candy would affect the body.
This document is an investigatory project report that studied the physical properties of oil extracted from talisay (Terminalia catappa) seeds. The researchers collected talisay fruits, removed the nuts, dried them, and extracted oil using a manual press. They tested the talisay oil for percent yield, color, clarity, smoke point, and viscosity and compared it to high and low quality palm oils. The results and discussion are in Chapter III, and conclusions and recommendations are in Chapters IV and V. The study found the talisay oil had properties similar to commercial oils and could be a viable and economic cooking oil alternative.
This document presents an investigatory project on creating an organic insecticide using ginger and vinegar. The project was conducted by 7 researchers from Diaz College in the Philippines to fulfill course requirements in Physics, Math, and English. It details the background of ginger and vinegar, the methodology used to create 4 different mixtures, and plans to test their effectiveness on various insects. The goal is to produce a natural and environmentally-friendly insecticide as an alternative to toxic chemical pesticides.
This document presents a research proposal that aims to determine the effectiveness of banana peel extract from Musa acuminata as an alternative insecticide. It provides background on commonly used insecticides and their risks. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of banana peel extract to commercial insecticides in terminating insects. It hypothesizes that there will be no significant difference in effectiveness between the banana peel extract and commercial insecticides. The document defines key terms and outlines the scope, limitations and significance of the study.
effectiveness of guava in lowering blood sugar of white miceManong Inday
This document presents a research proposal on studying the effectiveness of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in lowering the blood sugar levels of white mice. It provides background on diabetes and different types. The study aims to determine the amount of guava leaf extract needed to lower blood sugar in mice after 2 weeks and the decrease in blood sugar levels. It reviews related studies showing guava leaves have antioxidant and liver protective properties. The conceptual framework discusses guava leaves' traditional medicinal use and potential benefits like lowering blood sugar. The significance is that it could provide an affordable treatment for diabetes.
Final paper formulation of organic ink using ipomoea batatasSukhpreetSingh164
This document outlines a research proposal to formulate organic ink using pigments extracted from Ipomoea batatas L. (sweet potato) leaves and Basella alba L. (Malabar spinach) fruits. It discusses the objectives to formulate and test inks from the two plant sources, evaluate properties like color, odor, consistency and drying time of three concentrations of each ink, and assess stability over 7, 14, and 28 days. The study aims to develop a safe, affordable ink source for people living in poverty. The document reviews literature supporting the use of herbal inks and selected plant sources. The proposed methodology describes plans for plant collection, pigment extraction, ink preparation, testing, stability evaluation, and
teoryang top-down. teoryang bottom up. teoryang iskema. teoryang interaktiv. Katangian ng proseso ng masining na pagbasa. Ang aklat at ang halaga sa pagbasa.
grade11 lessson batch 2k16. curriculum of k12
The document describes an experiment to create a coconut oil-based floor polish as an affordable alternative to commercial floor waxes. It details the materials used, which include coconut milk, paraffin wax, detergent soap, and charcoal. The methodology explains heating the coconut milk until it becomes oil, then mixing it with paraffin wax and detergent soap. Three trials were conducted using varying amounts of paraffin wax in the polish. Trial 3, using 1/8 cup of paraffin wax, produced a polish that shone brightly and lasted a week. The researchers concluded coconut oil can be an effective floor polish and recommend ways to improve the process.
1) The document discusses using jackfruit peelings as an alternative to wood charcoal for fuel briquettes. Burning fossil fuels like wood charcoal contributes to climate change and environmental hazards.
2) The study aims to determine if jackfruit peeling charcoal emits less smoke and provides similar or longer heat duration compared to commercial wood charcoal. It hypothesizes that there will be a significant difference between the two types of charcoal.
3) A review of literature found that charcoal briquettes can be made from biomass and would be more sustainable and pollution-free than fossil fuels. Jackfruit peelings contain compounds that could potentially be used as biofuel.
"The effectiveness of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) water in Lowering Blood Sugar"Manong Inday
Coconut water has many potential health benefits, including lowering blood sugar levels. It contains nutrients like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and cytokinins that can help control blood sugar, aid weight loss, and increase metabolism. Studies show coconut water may help manage diabetes symptoms by improving blood circulation and processing sugars more quickly. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of coconut water in lowering blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
1) The document describes an investigatory project that aims to create a natural mosquito coil using oregano as the main ingredient.
2) Recent studies have shown that commercial mosquito coils release chemicals like formaldehyde that can harm health, especially for asthmatics.
3) The project aims to develop a mosquito repellent using dried oregano leaves and extract that does not pose health risks but still effectively repels mosquitoes.
Effects of sa ps on agriculture in mukono district(original)Dennis Kateregga
Since 1987, the government of Uganda has been implementing economic policy reforms under the commonly called Structural Adjustment Programme. Among other policy measures, price controls and the monopoly of marketing boards were dismantled and export duties were virtually eliminated.
This study examines Ugandan farmers’ socio-economic backgrounds farm resource availability and farmers’ perception towards SAP, It also analyses the effects of SAP on output, household income. Most specifically, the study determines how and to which extent trade liberalization policies should be implemented, the capability of the liberalized economy to withstand unfavourable world market price changes.
Results from a field survey in Mukono district where questionnaires were administered on a sample size of 45 farmers, indicate that there was a decline in farm production and changes in farm production.
This study also analysed the vulnerability of the liberalized economy in case of unfavourable changes in external market conditions. Given the fact that farmers respond to changes in market conditions, appropriate policy measures should be undertaken to increase the flow of benefits that accrue from adjustment policies to the farming community. If such measures are not in place, efforts of carrying out structural adjustment will be rendered fruitless.
This document discusses candied ginger made from ginger and honey. It begins with an introduction to candies and their classification based on sugar content. It then provides a comprehensive literature review on ginger composition and properties, honey composition, preliminary treatments for ginger, drying techniques, and osmosis. The materials and methods section describes the raw materials and processing steps used. The results and discussion section analyzes the raw materials, moisture and solids content during processing, drying characteristics, cost calculation, and sensory evaluation of the candied ginger samples. Finally, conclusions are presented that candied ginger can be successfully produced using different honey concentrations and recommendations are made.
This document presents an investigatory project on creating an organic insecticide using ginger and vinegar. The project was conducted by 7 researchers from Diaz College in the Philippines to fulfill course requirements in physics, math, and English. It details the background of ginger and vinegar, the methodology used to create 4 different mixtures of ginger and vinegar, and plans to test their effectiveness on insects. The goal is to produce a natural and environmentally-friendly insecticide as an alternative to toxic chemical insecticides.
This document provides an overview of a science investigatory project that examines the effectiveness of Blumea balsamifera (sambong) tea against Escherichia coli. It acknowledges those who supported the project and dedicates it to supportive parents, teachers, and God. The abstract summarizes that the study aims to prove sambong is effective at killing E. coli and provides an herbal tea using sambong as the main ingredient. The introduction provides background on diarrheal diseases and traditional herbal treatments. The study hypothesizes that sambong tea can kill E. coli.
This document describes an experiment to create ink from tea bags. Two setups were used - one with vinegar and cornstarch added, and one without. Boiling the tea bags extracted color from the leaves. The setup with vinegar and cornstarch produced a darker, thicker ink that maintained its color when dry. The researchers concluded that tea bags can be used to make ink, and vinegar and cornstarch help achieve the right color and consistency.
The document discusses the development and benefits of an herbal coffee made from bitter melon and malunggay seeds. It aims to address issues of waste reduction and provide health benefits. Researchers created "Ampalunggay Herbal Coffee" using a process of toasting, grinding, and brewing the seeds. The coffee is proposed to help lower diabetes risk from antioxidants in the seeds while also reducing food waste. The document reviews related literature on coffee's health benefits and studies on using plant materials for alternative coffees or medicines.
“EFFECTIVENESS OF MAKABUHAY (Tinospora rumphii Boerl) STEM EXTRACT IN ELIMINA...Manong Inday
This document summarizes a research proposal that aims to determine the effectiveness of Makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii Boerl) stem extract in eliminating American cockroaches (Periplanta Americana). The study introduces American cockroaches as a common pest and discusses using Makabuhay stem extract as a potential natural alternative to commercial pesticides. The conceptual framework outlines that the study will test different concentrations of Makabuhay extract on cockroaches to analyze its effects on mortality rates. A literature review covers related studies on natural pest control methods.
This document discusses experiments to create ink from tea bags. Two experimental set-ups are used: Set-up A adds vinegar and cornstarch, while Set-up B only includes tea bags steeped in water. Observations found Set-up A's ink had a darker, more consistent color and thicker consistency when dried. Vinegar is added to improve color stability. The experiments support creating improvised ink from common ingredients like tea bags, showing boiling and straining effectively extract color from tea.
Lemongrass extract was tested as a natural insect repellent. Two candies were observed, one treated with lemongrass extract and one without. After 20 minutes, many more ants approached the untreated candy compared to the lemongrass-treated candy, which few ants approached. This suggests that lemongrass extract is an effective natural insect repellent, likely due to its citral and citronella content, which have been shown to repel insects.
This document summarizes a research report assessing the effectiveness of lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon) for water purification. The study examined the potency of lemon grass oil in destroying bacteria in water at different dose levels and contact times against the standard chlorine disinfectant. Water samples were treated with either 2ml or 4ml of lemon grass oil or chlorine for 10 or 30 minutes. Results showed that at 2ml/10mins, chlorine was more effective at reducing bacterial load, but at 4ml/30mins there was no significant difference between chlorine and lemon grass oil. The study concluded that lemon grass oil can effectively reduce bacterial load in water, especially at higher concentrations and longer contact times.
The researchers developed a candy made from calamansi rind to help the environment and provide a healthy, inexpensive snack. Calamansi is commonly found in Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, and is rich in Vitamin C. The researchers hypothesized that calamansi rind can be made into a sweetened candy and that this candy would contain nutritional values and last a certain period of time if not consumed. They aimed to test how calamansi rind candy would affect the body.
This document is an investigatory project report that studied the physical properties of oil extracted from talisay (Terminalia catappa) seeds. The researchers collected talisay fruits, removed the nuts, dried them, and extracted oil using a manual press. They tested the talisay oil for percent yield, color, clarity, smoke point, and viscosity and compared it to high and low quality palm oils. The results and discussion are in Chapter III, and conclusions and recommendations are in Chapters IV and V. The study found the talisay oil had properties similar to commercial oils and could be a viable and economic cooking oil alternative.
This document presents an investigatory project on creating an organic insecticide using ginger and vinegar. The project was conducted by 7 researchers from Diaz College in the Philippines to fulfill course requirements in Physics, Math, and English. It details the background of ginger and vinegar, the methodology used to create 4 different mixtures, and plans to test their effectiveness on various insects. The goal is to produce a natural and environmentally-friendly insecticide as an alternative to toxic chemical pesticides.
This document presents a research proposal that aims to determine the effectiveness of banana peel extract from Musa acuminata as an alternative insecticide. It provides background on commonly used insecticides and their risks. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of banana peel extract to commercial insecticides in terminating insects. It hypothesizes that there will be no significant difference in effectiveness between the banana peel extract and commercial insecticides. The document defines key terms and outlines the scope, limitations and significance of the study.
effectiveness of guava in lowering blood sugar of white miceManong Inday
This document presents a research proposal on studying the effectiveness of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in lowering the blood sugar levels of white mice. It provides background on diabetes and different types. The study aims to determine the amount of guava leaf extract needed to lower blood sugar in mice after 2 weeks and the decrease in blood sugar levels. It reviews related studies showing guava leaves have antioxidant and liver protective properties. The conceptual framework discusses guava leaves' traditional medicinal use and potential benefits like lowering blood sugar. The significance is that it could provide an affordable treatment for diabetes.
Final paper formulation of organic ink using ipomoea batatasSukhpreetSingh164
This document outlines a research proposal to formulate organic ink using pigments extracted from Ipomoea batatas L. (sweet potato) leaves and Basella alba L. (Malabar spinach) fruits. It discusses the objectives to formulate and test inks from the two plant sources, evaluate properties like color, odor, consistency and drying time of three concentrations of each ink, and assess stability over 7, 14, and 28 days. The study aims to develop a safe, affordable ink source for people living in poverty. The document reviews literature supporting the use of herbal inks and selected plant sources. The proposed methodology describes plans for plant collection, pigment extraction, ink preparation, testing, stability evaluation, and
teoryang top-down. teoryang bottom up. teoryang iskema. teoryang interaktiv. Katangian ng proseso ng masining na pagbasa. Ang aklat at ang halaga sa pagbasa.
grade11 lessson batch 2k16. curriculum of k12
The document describes an experiment to create a coconut oil-based floor polish as an affordable alternative to commercial floor waxes. It details the materials used, which include coconut milk, paraffin wax, detergent soap, and charcoal. The methodology explains heating the coconut milk until it becomes oil, then mixing it with paraffin wax and detergent soap. Three trials were conducted using varying amounts of paraffin wax in the polish. Trial 3, using 1/8 cup of paraffin wax, produced a polish that shone brightly and lasted a week. The researchers concluded coconut oil can be an effective floor polish and recommend ways to improve the process.
1) The document discusses using jackfruit peelings as an alternative to wood charcoal for fuel briquettes. Burning fossil fuels like wood charcoal contributes to climate change and environmental hazards.
2) The study aims to determine if jackfruit peeling charcoal emits less smoke and provides similar or longer heat duration compared to commercial wood charcoal. It hypothesizes that there will be a significant difference between the two types of charcoal.
3) A review of literature found that charcoal briquettes can be made from biomass and would be more sustainable and pollution-free than fossil fuels. Jackfruit peelings contain compounds that could potentially be used as biofuel.
"The effectiveness of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) water in Lowering Blood Sugar"Manong Inday
Coconut water has many potential health benefits, including lowering blood sugar levels. It contains nutrients like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and cytokinins that can help control blood sugar, aid weight loss, and increase metabolism. Studies show coconut water may help manage diabetes symptoms by improving blood circulation and processing sugars more quickly. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of coconut water in lowering blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
1) The document describes an investigatory project that aims to create a natural mosquito coil using oregano as the main ingredient.
2) Recent studies have shown that commercial mosquito coils release chemicals like formaldehyde that can harm health, especially for asthmatics.
3) The project aims to develop a mosquito repellent using dried oregano leaves and extract that does not pose health risks but still effectively repels mosquitoes.
Effects of sa ps on agriculture in mukono district(original)Dennis Kateregga
Since 1987, the government of Uganda has been implementing economic policy reforms under the commonly called Structural Adjustment Programme. Among other policy measures, price controls and the monopoly of marketing boards were dismantled and export duties were virtually eliminated.
This study examines Ugandan farmers’ socio-economic backgrounds farm resource availability and farmers’ perception towards SAP, It also analyses the effects of SAP on output, household income. Most specifically, the study determines how and to which extent trade liberalization policies should be implemented, the capability of the liberalized economy to withstand unfavourable world market price changes.
Results from a field survey in Mukono district where questionnaires were administered on a sample size of 45 farmers, indicate that there was a decline in farm production and changes in farm production.
This study also analysed the vulnerability of the liberalized economy in case of unfavourable changes in external market conditions. Given the fact that farmers respond to changes in market conditions, appropriate policy measures should be undertaken to increase the flow of benefits that accrue from adjustment policies to the farming community. If such measures are not in place, efforts of carrying out structural adjustment will be rendered fruitless.
This document discusses candied ginger made from ginger and honey. It begins with an introduction to candies and their classification based on sugar content. It then provides a comprehensive literature review on ginger composition and properties, honey composition, preliminary treatments for ginger, drying techniques, and osmosis. The materials and methods section describes the raw materials and processing steps used. The results and discussion section analyzes the raw materials, moisture and solids content during processing, drying characteristics, cost calculation, and sensory evaluation of the candied ginger samples. Finally, conclusions are presented that candied ginger can be successfully produced using different honey concentrations and recommendations are made.
The document discusses stress experienced by nursing students. It notes that nursing students experience higher levels of stress than students in other programs like medicine, social work, and pharmacy. Sources of stress for nursing students include their learning experiences, which involve 24 hours per week spent in clinical duties like patient interaction and procedures. Stress can negatively impact students' performance and mental health, causing issues like burnout, illness, and even suicidal thoughts in some cases. While many students experience stress, most are able to graduate on time, suggesting they utilize effective stress management techniques. The study aims to understand the relationship between stress levels and stress management techniques used by nursing students during their clinical learning experiences.
Chapter 2:review of related literature and studiesmhel15
This document discusses the review of related literature and studies portion of a research paper. It defines conceptual literature as non-empirical sources like books and journalism, while research literature refers to empirical studies from published and unpublished local and foreign sources. The purpose of a literature review is to avoid duplication, guide theoretical frameworks, and inform research design choices. A good review uses current, relevant sources and objectively scrutinizes data to allow generalizations. Sources can include theses, books, websites and dictionaries.
This document provides an overview of hypotheses for a presentation. It begins with learning outcomes which are to explain the meaning and significance of hypotheses, identify types of hypotheses, and illustrate why hypotheses are needed.
The presentation will cover the scientific method, meaning and types of variables, characteristics of good hypotheses, categories of hypotheses including null and alternative, and how to form and test hypotheses. Hypotheses are defined as educated guesses that relate variables and guide research. They must be testable, falsifiable, and contribute to theory. Hypotheses can be categorized by their formulation as null or alternative, by direction as directional or non-directional, and by their derivation as inductive or deductive.
Chapter 2-Realated literature and StudiesMercy Daracan
This chapter reviews related literature and studies relevant to the present study. It discusses ideas from local and foreign sources on the importance of computer information technology and information systems. It also examines related theories like the iterative implementation approach and discusses how technologies like WAMP5, Windows 7, and web-based systems have influenced various fields and processes like enrollment. Finally, it summarizes some related local studies that have developed web-based enrollment systems to make the enrollment process more efficient.
The document provides a literature review on import products in hardware establishments. It discusses foreign literature on international trade and how trade differs between domestic and international markets. Local literature examines issues like parallel imports in the pharmaceutical industry and import substitution strategies. The theoretical framework discusses the conditionally-free import theory. There are also definitions of key terms like importing problems and ownership knowledge.
Apple is an excellent functional food exhibit antioxidant property which is good to prevent aging and degenerative disorders. Apple peel is not waste at all, it has promising hidden health benefits.
4 Remarkable Drinks That Can Help Prevent CancerMichel Elias
Research has shown that drinks such as Ginger and Green Tea have the potential to fight disease and in some cases reduce the risk of cancer by a staggering 57%.
1) The document discusses various herbal treatments for common diseases like kidney stones, gall stones, asthma, stomach ulcers, acidity, diabetes, and wounds.
2) Herbal remedies reviewed for each disease include lemon juice and olive oil for kidney stones, pears and wine for gall stones, honey and garlic for stomach ulcers, cloves and black tea for asthma, and aloe vera and flavonoids for acidity.
3) For diabetes and wounds, bitter gourd, cinnamon, and turmeric powder are discussed.
This study investigated the absorption and effects of consuming a standardized pomegranate extract in healthy human volunteers. Key findings:
1) Ellagic acid from the extract was absorbed into the bloodstream, reaching a maximum concentration of 33 ng/mL 1 hour after consumption. Several metabolites of ellagic acid were also identified in plasma.
2) Antioxidant capacity of plasma, as measured by the ORAC assay, was increased by a maximum of 32% 0.5 hours after consumption of the extract. Generation of reactive oxygen species was not affected.
3) The inflammation marker interleukin-6 was not significantly changed in plasma 4 hours after consumption of the extract.
Overall, this study demonstrated
This document provides background information on a study that will determine the sensory characteristics and acceptability of candied papaya utilizing different types of sugar. Fruits play an important role in nutrition but many are seasonal. Papaya is abundant in the Philippines but sometimes neglected. Preserving fruits adds value and shelf life. The study will compare the sensory properties and acceptability of candied papaya made with refined sugar, honey, and syrup. It will analyze appearance, aroma, texture, and overall acceptance. The null hypothesis is that there will be no significant difference in acceptability between the sugar types. The study is focused on papaya processing and sensory evaluation to form another product and enhance flavor.
This document discusses whether fruit is good or bad for health. It notes that modern fruit has more sugar than in the past due to genetic modifications. While fruit contains some antioxidants and fiber, it is high in fructose which can lead to malabsorption issues for some people. Traditional Chinese medicine also sees too much raw fruit as unbalancing. However, cutting out all fruit may not demonstrate clear health benefits. Moderation is likely best given individual tolerance levels.
Apples provide many health benefits such as preventing breathing problems, boosting immunity, fighting cancer, decreasing diabetes risk, and boosting brain power. They contain antioxidants like quercetin and are a good source of vitamin C and fiber. Regular apple consumption can also help avoid Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, prevent gallstones, neutralize irritable bowel syndrome, detoxify the liver, boost the immune system, prevent cataracts and dementia, and ward off breast cancer. Apples further aid digestion, steady heart rhythm, prevent anemia and weakness, and may reduce risks of lung cancer.
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Utilization of Lakadbulan into Juice added with Different Flavors
1. Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Science
Department of Food Technology
Fundamentals of Research
“Utilization of Lakadbulan into Juice Added with Different Flavors”
Chapter I
Submitted by:
Carpizo, Ronalyn B.
Cruz, Marie Claudine M.
Fajardo, Innah Grace L.
Gotanco, Gillian Meredith C.
BSFT3-1D
Submitted to:
Prof. Susan P. Arevalo
December 8, 2014
2. CHAPTER I
Introduction
Introduction
Lakadbulan (Blumera balsamifera) which literally means lakad-buwan or moonwalk is a
plant that is widely known in the country for its wide variation of health benefits. Lakadbulan or
commonly known in tagalog as Sambong, grows abundantly in tropical countries like the
Philippines, India, Africa and also in the eastern Himalayas. Almost all of the parts of this plant
are used for medicinal purposes. Its leaves and roots are effective for kidney stones, in cleaning
and disinfecting wounds, fever, and rheumatism. Lakadbulan is also made into tea and juices that
can soothe dysmenorrhea, tummy aches, and diarrhea.
Lakadbulan leaves and roots are often made into teas and juices by pounding then
extraction or boiling to get its juice then drank directly. In wounds, leaves are pounded then
placed in the wound so that the leaf would suck in the bacteria that are in the wound.
Today, many women suffer irregularities in their menstruation giving them
inconvenience and in the future might cause bigger problems like myoma and for people who
suffer in other diseases. Lakadbulan can help solve these arising problems but it is also time
consuming in harvesting the herb and processing them and it also tastes bitter like that of the
oregano so people are discouraged to take them even with its health benefits, so this research
aims to develop a new kind of product that can help people especially women with menstrual
problems to avail easily a ready-to-drink lakadbulan juice with different varieties of flavors but
still have the medicinal properties of lakadbulan.
Utilizing lakadbulad into juice with different flavors (apple, calamansi, chocolate, and
melon) will be acceptable to the consumers in the market.
3. Objectives
General Objective:
To utilize Lakadbulan into juice and include variety of flavors.
Specific Objectives:
To regulate the formulation for Lakadbulan juice.
To innovate a delectable juice with variety of flavors.
To develop a beverage that provides health benefits.
To conduct flavor acceptability test.
To conduct statistical analysis.
Hypothesis
Utilizing lakadbulad into juice with different flavors (apple, calamansi, chocolate, and
melon) will be acceptable to the consumers in the market.
Significance of the Study
Aside from water, consumers are fond of drinking juice. But the juice they drink usually
contains unhealthy chemicals that can cause diseases like Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and
kidney stones. This reason gave way to food industries to utilize herbal plants into healthy
beverages.
In relevance to this, this study tends to make a kind of juice made from lakadbulan added
with different healthy and natural flavors that consumers will like, since lakadbulan has
unpleasant taste and odor. Giving pleasant flavor to lakadbulan juice will make not only adults
but also children to consume it. Apart from having a delicious refreshing drink, people will also
have a healthy and natural beverage.
4. Scope and Limitation
This study will look at the utilization of lakadbulan into juice added with different
flavors. The main ingredients that will be used for the juice is the lakad bulan. The flavors
chosen to be added are mainly apple, calamansi, chocolate, and melon. It will involve all the
consumers that will be testing the product during its sensory evaluation. This study is estimated
to be conducted on April 2015.
Due to limitations, no attempt will be made to cover the development of the packaging
materials to be used in this product.
Conceptual Framework
Fig.1 Conceptual framework for utilizing lakadbulan into juice added with different flavors.
5. CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature
Lakadbulan
Lakadbulan (Blumea balsamifera) is a plant wild in tropical countries like the
Philippines, India, Africa and the eastern Himalayas. It is called in many names here in the
Philippines and around the world: Alibum, Alimon, Lalakdan, Sambong, Dalapot, Sob-sob,
Gabuen, Blumea camphor, and Ngai camphor. According from the StuartXchange website, a
lakadbulan plant is softly hairy, half woody, strongly aromatic shrub, 1-4 meters (m) high. It has
simple, alternate, broadly elongated leaves, 7-20 cm long, with toothed margin and appendage or
divided base. Loose yellow flower head scattered along much-branched leafy panicles. Two
types of discoid flowers: peripheral ones tiny, more numerous, with tubular corolla; central
flowers few, large with campanulate corolla. Anther cells tailed at the base. Fruit (achene) dry, 1-
seeded, 10-ribbed, and hairy at the top.
Lakadbulan plant is famous for its health benefits. Lakadbulan is considered
anthelmintic, antidiarrheal, antigastralgic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, emmenagogue,
expectorant, stomachic, and vulnerary. Its leaves and roots are used to cure wounds and cuts. It is
also effective for kidney stones, rheumatism, diarrhea, tummy aches, colds, and hypertension. It
is also effective for lowering fever. It is also effective for dysmenorrhoea; lakadbulan melts the
large clump of blood in the womb so it can be released easily. Lakadbulan leaves are sometimes
pounded or boiled to get the extract then drank directly some people make them into teas and
juices to make it more convenient for them to drink.
Apple
According to Boyer, J. and Liu, H.L. (2004), apples were one of one of the individual
fruits associated with a decreased risk in lung cancer. In a case control study in Hawaii, it was
found that apple and onion intake was associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in both
6. males and females. Both onions and apples are high in flavonoids, especially quercetin and
quercetin conjugates. Le Marchand et. Al. found an inverse association between lung cancer and
quercetin intake although the trend was not statistically significant. Interestingly, the inverse
association seen between apple and onion intake and lung cancer were stronger for squamous
cell carcinomas than for adenocarcinomas. In a Finnish study, a strong inverse association was
seen between flavonoid intake and lung cancer development. The reduced risk of lung cancer
associated with increased flavonoid consumption was especially strong in younger people and in
nonsmokers. Apples were the only specific foods that were inversely related to lung cancer risk.
Since apples were the main source of flavonoids in the Finnish population, it was concluded that
the flavonoids from apples were most likely responsible for the decreased risk in lung cancer.
Their journal also indicated that a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been
associated with apple consumption. The Women's Health Study surveyed nearly 40,000 women
with a 6.9-year follow-up, and examined the association between flavonoids and cardiovascular
disease. Women ingesting the highest amounts of flavonoids had a 35% reduction in risk of
cardiovascular events. Flavonoid intake was not associated with risk of stroke, myocardial
infarction, or cardiovascular disease death. Quercetin did not have any association with
cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction or stroke. Women ingesting
apples had a 13–22% decrease in cardiovascular disease risk.
Not only cancer and cardiovascular problems were reduced but also apple consumption
has been inversely linked with asthma and has also been positively associated with general
pulmonary health. In a recent study involving 1600 adults in Australia, apple and pear intake was
associated with a decreased risk of asthma and a decrease in bronchial hypersensitivity.
Previously it had been found that apple intake, as well as selenium intake, was associated with
less asthma in adults in the United Kingdom. This study surveyed nearly 600 individuals with
asthma and 900 individuals without asthma about their diet and lifestyle. Total fruit and
vegetable intake was weakly associated with asthma, and apple intake showed a stronger inverse
relationship with asthma. This latter effect was most clear in subjects who consumed at least two
apples per week. In a study of over 13,000 adults in the Netherlands, it was found that apples
might beneficially affect lung function. Apple and pear intake was positively associated with
pulmonary function and negatively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
7. Catechin intake was also associated with pulmonary function and negatively associated with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but there was no association between tea, the main
source of catechins, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Apple consumption remained
positively correlated with lung function after taking into account possible confounders such as
smoking, body mass index, social class, and exercise.
Furthermore in the study of Boyer, J. and Liu, H.L. (2004), not only may apples help
decrease the risk of heart disease, cancer, and asthma, but apple consumption may also be
associated with a lower risk for diabetes. In the previously discussed Finnish study of 10,000
people, a reduced risk of Type II diabetes was associated with apple consumption. Higher
quercetin intake, a major component of apple peels, was also associated with a decreased risk in
type II diabetes. Myrectin and berry intake were also associated with a decreased risk in type II
diabetes, but onion, orange, grapefruit and white cabbage intake were not associated with a
lowered risk. Apple and pear intake has also been associated with weight loss in middle aged
overweight women in Brazil. Approximately 400 hypercholestemic, but nonsmoking, women
were randomized to one of three supplement groups: oat cookies, apples or pears, and each
subject consumed one of each supplement three times per day for twelve weeks. The participants
who consumed either of the fruits had a significant weight loss after 12 weeks of 1.21 kg,
whereas those consuming the oat cookies did not have a significant weight loss. Those
consuming fruit also had a significantly lower blood glucose level when compared to those
consuming the oat cookies.
Calamansi
Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) is a shrub or small tree growing to 3–6
metres (9.8–20 ft). The fruit of the calamondin resembles a small, round lime, usually 25- 35mm
in diameter, but sometimes up to 45mm. The centre pulp and juice is the orange colour of a
tangerine with a very thin orange peel when ripe Citrofortunella microcarpa, the calamondin or
calamansi, is a fruit tree in the family Rutaceae native Asia. Other English language common
names include calamonding, calamandarin, golden lime, Panama orange, Chinese orange, acid
orange. Its cultivation has spread throughout Southeast Asia, India, Hawaii, the West Indies, and
Central and North America. The plant is characterized by wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks
8. and white or purplish flowers. Its fruit has either a spongy or leathery rind with a juicy pulp that
is divided into sections. The fruit is indigenous and widely cultivated in the Philippines,
Malaysia and neighbouring northern parts of Indonesia. It is available year-round in the
Philippines and is usually seen in its unripened green state (Potonia).
Calamansi is said to be a good source of vitamin C and has been processed into syrups, juices,
concentrates, and purees. Its juice is used as flavoring or as an additive in various food
preparations to enhance iron absorption. It can also be a
preserve ingredient for sweet pickles or marmalade. Its trees have an average life span of five
years. Peak season of calamansi is during the months of June to October and lean months from
November to May (balinkbayan.gov.net).
Dark Chocolate
Dark chocolate contains no milk (or significantly less milk) than other forms of chocolate
such as white chocolate of milk chocolate (fitday.com). In general, the darker the chocolate, the
more cocoa it contains and the healthier it is. Dark chocolate should contain more than 60
percent cocoa, according to University of Michigan Integrative Medicine; the higher the
percentage, the better (Robin).
Cocoa's Beneficial Ingredients
Cocoa contains antioxidants; substances that help prevent cellular damage that can lead to
chronic disease. The particular antioxidants in cocoa include flavonoids such as procyanidins and
epicatechins. Flavonoids can reduce the risk of heart disease by increasing vascular tone and
improving arterial blood flow, and by acting as anticoagulants, which prevent blood clot
formation. Milk chocolate contains more fat and sugar and less cocoa, which reduces its health
benefits. Dark chocolate containing 70 percent cocoa or higher has the most benefits, Clemson
Cooperative Extension reports. In milk chocolate, the milk binds to antioxidants and reduces
their availability, the University of Michigan explains (Robin).
9. Insulin Sensitivity
Cells need insulin to help them remove glucose from the bloodstream to use for energy.
When cells lose their sensitivity to insulin, the pancreas releases larger amounts of insulin in an
effort to get cells to respond. Eventually, the pancreas stops producing insulin as the beta cells
that produce it burn out from overuse. At this point, your blood sugar rises and you develop
diabetes. Dark chocolate can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the risk of impaired
glucose tolerance and diabetes, according to an Italian study published in the September 2008
issue of "The Journal of Nutrition." These effects occur because flavanols in dark chocolate
increase the bioavailability of nitric oxide in cells that line blood vessels. Nitric oxide facilitates
blood flow to tissues that respond to insulin and remove glucose from the bloodstream (Robin).
Cholesterol Benefits
The main fats in cocoa are oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat that can help reduce
cholesterol levels, according to the University of Michigan Integrative Medicine. The other fat,
stearic acid, is a saturated fat. But stearic acid doesn't raise cholesterol levels the way most
saturated fats can. A University of Nebraska study published in the May 2000 issue of "The
Journal of Nutrition" found that stearic acid reduced cholesterol absorption and increased
excretion of cholesterol in the stool in hamsters. Absorption rate for those fed stearic acid
dropped to 21 percent, compared to an absorption rate of 50 to 55 percent for those fed other fats
(Robin).
Blood Pressure Benefits
Components in dark chocolate can help relax blood vessels, which can lower elevated
blood pressure. An Australian review of 15 studies published in the June 2010 issue of "BMC
Medicine" found that the flavanols in dark chocolate reduced blood pressure more effectively
than a placebo. The results were modest but still significant, since lowering systolic blood
pressure by as little as 5 mmHg can reduce your risk of developing heart disease by 20 percent
over five years, researchers reported (Robin).
10. Risks
Dark chocolate does have a dark side; it's high in calories, which can lead to weight gain.
Being overweight or obese carries the same risks that dark chocolate can reduce -- high blood
pressure and cholesterol levels, increased blood glucose levels and a higher risk of heart disease.
When you add the calories in dark chocolate to your diet, you must take something else out --
preferably another type of candy or dessert -- to compensate for the increased calorie intake
(Robin).
Melon
According to Thompson, C. from her magazine article reviewed by Kathleen Zelman
entitled “Honeydew: 7 Fun Facts”, indicates that honeydew is the American name for the white
Antibes, a variety of melon that was cultivated in southern France and Algeria centuries ago.
Honeydew and other melons are part of the cucurbitaceae (gourd) family, which is divided into
fruits (melons) and vegetables (squashes, pumpkins, and cucumbers). A wedge of honeydew
provides more than half the recommended daily allowance for vitamin C and has about 64
calories and 14 grams of natural fruit sugar. A similar serving of cantaloupe has about the same
number of calories and grams of sugar, plus 120% of the RDA for vitamin A and 108% of the
RDA for vitamin C. When selecting honeydew, look for one with a waxy, not fuzzy, rind. The
melon should feel heavy for its size, and the surface should bounce back when pressed. Melons
are typically used raw, usually diced up in salads or cut in wedges. They are also popular
ingredients for chilled soups. Though typically the flesh of a honeydew melon is green, it can
sometimes be orange. This specific type of honeydew is often referred to as the “temptation
melon.”
Citric Acid
Citric acid is a weak acid that has a chemical formula of C6H8O7. It is a crystalline white
powder that is soluble in water that has a combination of sour and bitter taste. Citric acid can be
found or naturally occurring in citrus fruits like orange, lemons, etc. Citric acid has a molar mass
11. of 192.12 g/mol, melting point of 153 ̊C, and boiling point of 175 ̊C. Citric acid is mostly used as
food preservative, acidity regulator, Food additives, emulsifier and stabilizers in beverages.
Advantages of Drinking Juice
According to Health Drink Benefits (n.d), Lakadbulan or commonly known as Sambong
is one of the most common used herbal drink in the Philippines. Most cases of kidney stones are
being aided by this herbal plant. Lakadbulan can cure some ailments like stomach pain,
hypertension and rheumatism, fever, cough, and cold.
Juices have many benefits. According to mercola.com (2011), a site about the benefits
that people might get in drinking juice, one of the benefits is that juice can help us absorb the
nutrients from the vegetables. Most people have impaired digestion because of unhealthy
lifestyle. Juicing will help to "pre-digest" them for you, so you will receive most of the nutrition,
rather than having it go down the toilet
(http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/11/13/benefits-of-juicing.aspx). Another
benefit according to Dabur, juices especially those made from fruits and vegetables are fat free
which can be consumed by people who are conscious about their body. Juices from fruits and
vegetables also provide more energy for the body compared to other drinks with artificial
flavors. It is rich in potassium and low in sodium which makes it good for the heart. Nicklas et
al (2008) investigated the effect of unsweetened fruit juice consumption (up to 12 ounces daily)
by children aged 2 to 11 years. Results showed significantly higher intakes of nutrients including
vitamin C, folate, potassium, magnesium with lower intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids and
added sugar, in the group consuming fruit juice.
12. CHAPTER III
Methodology
3.1. Raw Materials
The raw materials that will be used in this experiment which includes lakadbulan leaves,
cocoa powder, apple, calamansi, melon, and sugar will be purchased in public markets or grocery
stores.
Item Specification Sources (will be bought at:)
Lakadbulan leaves Fresh Pasig Public Market
Cocoa Powder Powder Pasig Public Market
Apple Fresh Caloocan Public Market
Kalamansi Fresh Talipapa n Sta. Mesa
Melon Fresh Pasig Public Market
Sugar Powder Supermarket
Citric Acid Powder Happy House Food Corp.
Table 1: List of raw materials used
3.2. Utensils and Equipment
All equipment and utensils will be thoroughly cleaned sterilized to avoid/minimize cross
contamination at these non-food contact surfaces to the food samples under study.
Item Quantity
Analytical Balance 1 unit
Dietetic scale 1 unit
Refractometer 1 unit
Thermometer 1 pc.
Table 2: Equipment used
13. Item Quantity
Stock Pot 1 pc
Wooden spoon 3 pcs
Knife 2 pcs
Chopping Board 2 pcs
Strainer 1 pc
Mixing Bowl 1 set
Table 3: Utensils used
3.3. Process Flow
Preparation of Raw Materials
Lakadbulan Calamansi Apple Dark Chocolate
(Cocoa)
Melon
Washing Washing Washing
Weighing/
Measuring
Washing
Boiling Extracting Removal of
seed
Slicing
Straining Straining
Weighing Weighing
Slicing
Blending
Weighing
Extracting
Straining
Weighing
Mixing of other ingredients
Bottling
Storing
Figure 1: Process flow for Lakadbulan Juice
14. 3.4. Process Explanation
Washing
Washing of the leaves and other ingredients (apple, melon, and calamansi) in running
water is important to remove the dirt and other foreign materials present on the leaves. It is
important because leaves are imperious to insects.
Boiling
Lakadbulan leaves will be boiled 90 degrees Celcius for 5 minutes to extract enough
components of the leaves.
Weighing/ Measuring
Weighing or measuring the ingredients to proper amount to ensure that the formulation is
being followed.
Extracting or Blending
The apple will be extracted using a blender. Melon can also be extracted using the same
equipment, but if blender is not available, squeezer can be used. Calamansi will be extracted by
using squeezing by hands.
Slicing
Apple and melon will be sliced into small pieces by using a clean knife.
Straining
The extract from the different ingredients will be strained using a clean strainer to ensure
that the extract will be free from solid materials coming from the fruits.
Mixing
After the other processes, sugar and stabilizer (citric acid) will be added to the juice.
Citric acid will help the ingredients to bind and to become homogenous.
15. Bottling
The juice will be poured inside the hot bottles to avoid any possible contamination and
sealed.
Storing
The bottled product will be stored at proper temperature. Cold or refrigerated temperature
will be ideal for the Lakadbulan juice.
16. References
Alba, Jerlyn et. al. “Development and Utilization of Neem Extract in Combination with
Calamansi Juice.” Diss. Polytechnic University of the Philippines.2009.
Boyer, J., and Liu, H.L. “Health Benefits of Apples: Epidemiological Evidence” Nutr J. 2004; 3:
5. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
“Benefits of Fruit and Vegetable Juices.” Dubur.com. n.d. Web. 7 December
2014.<http://www.dabur.com/Products-foods-Benefits>.
“Benefits of Juicing: Your Keys to Radiant Health.” Mercola.com. November 13, 2011. Web. 7
December 2014. <http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/11/13/benefits-of-
juicing.aspx>.
Cabudsan, Meria Jnana O. et. al. “Development of Kasubha-Ginger Tea with Added Variety of
Flavors.” Diss. Polytechnic University of the Philippines. 2008.
Calamansi. Retrieved from http://balinkbayan.gov.ph/products/135-calamansi.html.
Eitel, Joseph. “Use of Citric Acid.” Livestrong.com. 2013. Web. 7 December 2014.
<http://www.livestrong.com/article/138579-uses-citric-acid/>.
“Health Benefits of Sambong – An Alternative Remedy.” Drink Benefits. n.d. W eb. 7
December 2014. <http://www.drinkbenefits.com/health-benefits-of-sambong-an-
alternative-remedy.htm>.
“Lakadbulan.” <http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/sambong.htm>. 3 December 2014.
17. Nicklas, Theresa A. and O’Neil, Carol E. “A Review of the Relationship Between 100% Fruit
Juice Consumption and Weight in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine.
May/June 2008. Web. 7 December 7, 2014. <http://ajl.sagepub.com/content/2/4/315>.
Potonia, Julienne Mae. Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) Fruit Extract as Perfume.
Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/Prettyen/research-paper-calamansi-
citrofortunella-microcarpa?related=1.
Robin, Suzanne. 75 Percent Dark Chocolate Health Benefits. Retrieved from
http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/75-percent-dark-chocolate-health-benefits-4682.html.
“Sambong.” 7 December 2014. <http://www.stuartxchange.org/Sambong.html>
“Sambong Hebal Medicine.” n.d. Web. 7 December 2014.
<http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/sambong.htm>.
The Nutrition of Dark Chocolate. Retrieved from http://www.fitday.com/fitness-
articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/the-nutrition-of-dark-chocolate.html#b.
Thompson, C. “Honeydew: 7 Fun Facts.” WebMD. [Online] Available at:
http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/honeydew-7-healthy-facts. Web. 7 Dec.
2014.