This document discusses representation as a key aspect of media studies. It defines representation as how media presents the real world to audiences through constructed meanings. A popular form of representation is stereotypes, which overgeneralize groups using easily recognized traits. Stereotypes are useful shortcuts for media producers but can also emphasize differences. The accuracy of media representations depends on selection, organization and focus during the mediation process which constructs our perceptions through techniques like camera angles and lighting.
Media Studies intro to Narrative [autosaved]alevelmedia
An introductions to Narrative theory for Media Studies students. From Barthes action and enigma codes to Syd Field's formulaic 3 act structure, a easy to understand and visual reference for all media students taken from www.alevelmedia.co.uk
Representation of women in film - very basic overview 2015 updateAndy Wallis
A basic overview of representation of women in film to be used as a starting point in the classroom. The clips are to give students an opportunity to understand the history.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. What is it?
Representation is the process by which
the media presents the ‘real world’ to
an audience.
Media texts construct meanings about the
world – a picture, a film, a television
programme or a newspaper article re-
presents the world to help audiences
make sense of it.
A popular understanding of representation
is through stereotypes – what are they?
3. Stereotypes
Stereotypes are a form of
representation in which groups of
people are characterised by
attributing to them qualities that
some individuals possess, and which
later become associated with the
whole group.
4. A stereotype
Punks are forever
associated with safety
pins in their clothes and
bodies, and Mohican
haircuts. This is the
stereotype of a punk
although there will be
many punks who do not
look like this.
6. Definitions
‘Stereotypes are widely circulated
ideas or assumptions about particular
groups.’
Stereotypes are also essential tools for
media producers. They can be used as a
shorthand to condense a lot of complex
information and detail into a character who
is easily recognised and simple to deal with
– Ugly Betty is a good example. It makes
it easier for the audience to understand the
character and his or her role in the text.
7. A further breakdown
Branston and Stafford state there are 4
characteristics:
1. They involve both a categorising and an
evaluation of the group being stereotyped.
2. They usually emphasise some easily grasped
features of the group and suggest that these are
the cause of the group’s position.
3. The evaluation of the group is often, though not
always, a negative one.
4. Stereotypes often try to insist on absolute
differences and boundaries where the idea of a
spectrum of difference is more appropriate.
9. Stereotypes and Disabilities
We are going to watch several
clips of films that focus on
disabilities.
How do they confront,
challenge, or enhance
stereotypes?
14. Discussion
Compare and contrast the representation
of Ugly Betty with other young fictional
women from TV and film.
Sources could include Skins, Hollyoaks; US
teen films – John Tucker Must Die,
Mean Girls, 10 Things I Hate About
You, American Pie franchise, Bring It
On, A Cinderella Story, Freaky Friday,
Save The Last Dance, Step Up, and for
the historical context: Grease, Saturday
Night Fever, Up The Junction, Strictly
Ballroom.
15. Representation
Representation is not just about how
we see people, places and objects but
also how we interpret what our
senses tell us. This depends as much
on who we are, as what we see, hear
or read.
16. Accuracy
An important debate in any study of the media is
about the accuracy of the representations it offers
us.
Is it possible to be wholly accurate?
Does society have a view on accuracy in the
media and who monitors it?
There are official organisations who monitor the
media for accuracy and other codes of behaviours
to make sure that people are protected to some
degree from exposure to lies and deliberate
untruths.
18. Film Representation
A film representation of a character for
example consists of at least four
factors:
1. The character – gender, ethnicity, age,
sexuality and look
2. The collective cultural background and
views of the producer/director/institution
3. The audience’s reaction to the character
4. Where and when the representation takes
place – cinema/home/ laptop/friend’s
house
19. Questions to always ask
How far can we trust the
representation that is being made to
be an accurate portrayal?
In whose interests is it that the
representation is made in this way?
How do we relate to the
representations?
20. Mediation (important!)
Mediation is the process by which a
media text represents an idea, issue or
event to an audience.
Many people think that if you point a
camera at an event or person the ‘reality’ of
that event or person will be immediately
apparent. Seeing something through a lens
changes not just the perspective and size of
a person but also how the audience
perceives that person. Therefore it has been
mediated.
21. Three Things to Look For
Selection - Whatever ends up on the
screen or in the paper, much more will
have been left out — any news story
has been selected from hundreds of
others which the producers decided for
you were less interesting, any picture
has been chosen from an enormous
number of alternatives.
22. Three Things to Look For
Organisation - The various elements
will be organised carefully in ways that
real life is not: in visual media this
involves mise-en-scene and the
organisation of narrative, in the
recording of an album the production
might involve re-mixing a track. Any
medium you can think of will have an
equivalent to these. This organisation
of the material will result in …
23. Three Things to Look For
Focusing - mediation always ends up
with us, the audience, being
encouraged towards concentrating on
one aspect of the text and ignoring
others. If you are watching a film the
camera will pan towards an important
character, in a tabloid the headlines
will scream, for your attention.
24. Activity
Compare a close up shot and long
shot of a classmate
What can you see on a big close up of
the face?
What can you tell about his / her
character?
25. Media Language
This is part of Media Language –
working to construct an image
for the audience, through the
camera lens.
26. Media Language
As soon as an image is captured on
film or digitally it is a representation
of reality, not reality.
Representation is influenced by how
the scene is set up, whether it is
filming a real event or a fictional
scene. The significance of the position
of the camera is familiar if you are
used to viewing sporting events on
television.
28. Media Language
In a film the camera can look at a
scene from many different angles.
Generally the camera will observe.
Sometimes it will focus on other types
of shots.
The important job for the audience is
to decode and understand the depth
and credibility of the information
which is coming across.
29. Media Language
In a movie everything included in the
frame The mise-en-scène is important
for conveying meaning and creating a
‘realistic’ or constructed representation.
Lighting, make up, camera angle, costume,
soundtrack, music and effects all combine
to make the representation of the
characters as effective, and sometimes as
‘real’ as possible for an audience.
30. Remember
Representations do change over time
depending on society’s view of a social
group, and are influenced by cultural
and legislative changes and, arguably,
by media texts
31. Some good news
We only have one more Key
Aspect to examine... narrative
(the big one!)
But we also need to have a look at Skills and
Language after that