The document explains the use of linking words that indicate concession and contrast, including examples and sentences. It covers conjunctions such as 'although,' 'whereas,' 'despite,' and their appropriate applications to connect contrasting ideas. It also provides exercises for practicing these linking words in different contexts.

1. LINKING WORDS CONCESSION AND CONTRAST (Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar) B. BOYACIOGLU

2. Linking two ideas that contrast with eachother While Whereas On the other hand Yet but Although Even though Though As In spite of Despite In spite of the fact Despite the fact

3. WHILE / WHEREAS / BUT / ON THE OTHER HAND / YET + CLAUSE He is tall while / whereas / but / on the other hand she is short. Football is popular in England while / yet / but / on the other hand in Australia they prefer cricet. Jack thinks we’re ready to begin while / whereas / yet / but Tom thinks we still need to wait.

4. ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH(informal) + CLAUSE Although Maria is a clever student, she didn’t receive a schoolarship. Or Maria didn’t receive a schoolarship although she is a clever student. Although the cafe was crowded, we found a table. Though it was raining, they swam in the sea. I liked the sweater. I decided not to buy it though .

5. Adjective / Adverb + as + subject + verb Hard as I try , my cooking isn’t so good as yours. Quickly as they worked , they failed to finish the task in time. Much as + clause Much as I like sports, I dislike football. Much as he tried, he couldn’t persuade his father.

6. Despite / In spite of + noun (pronoun Despite / In spite of + _ing We went out in spite of / despite the rain . Despite / in spite of their wealth , they aren’t happy. Jane went on working in spite of / despite feel ing unwell. She wasn’t well, but despite / in spite of this she went to work. Despite / In spite of not hav ing an umbrella, I walked home in the rain.

7. I didn’t get the job despite / in spite of hav ing all the necessary qualifications. Despite the fact / In spite of the fact + that _clause In spite of the fact / Despite the fact that they are rich, they aren’t happy. I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact / despite the fact that I have all the necessary qualifications. He is a good company in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that he talks all the time.

8. EXERCISES Join the sentences using “although, whereas, despite, but, while or in spite of” Sarah is a company director. Sarah enjoys her job. Sarah loves classical music. Sarah owns a new Porche. Sarah is tall with dark hair. Sarah works long hours. Sarah’s boyfriend likes rock music. Sarah’s mother is short with blonde hair. Sarah is only 26. Sarah never drives to work.

9. EXAMPLE: Sarah is a company director despite / in spite of being only 26. B. Look at the example and rewrite the sentences as many ways as possible. The weather was bad. The ship departed. - Although / Even though the weather was bad, the ship departed. In spite of / Despite the bad weather, the ship departed. In spite of the fact that the weather was bad, the ship departed.

10. 2. She had enough money for the dress. She didn’t buy it. Although / Even though she had enough money for the dress, she didn’t buy it. Despite / In spite of hav ing enough money, she didn’t buy the dress. Despite the fact that / In spite of the fact that she had enough money for the dress, She didn’t buy it. - She had enough money for the dress. She didn’t buy it, though

11. 3. She is sixty years old. She still goes jogging. Although / Even though she is sixty, she still goes jogging . Despite / In spite of be ing sixty, she still goes joggging. Despite / In spite of the fact that she is sixty, she still goes jogging.

12. C. Rephrase the sentences. 1. Although my mother is from Paris, I have never been there. (Despite the fact) 2. In spite of having travelled the world, he is narrow-minded. (Although) 3. He is a sailor but he can’t swim. (In spite of) 4. He did his best. He came last. (yet)

13. D. Choose the correct one. 1. My sister is dark, whereas / despite I’m blonde. 2. Despite / Yet going on a diet, she put on five kilos. Even though 3. / Despite we’re good friends, we don’t meet very often 4. My mother is French whereas / even though my father is Polish . 5. I invited Sue. She didn’t come, although / though

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