This document discusses clauses of contrast and purpose in English. It outlines different conjunctions and phrases used to express contrast such as "although", "though", and "even though". It also discusses how to use "in spite of" and "despite" followed by a noun, verb+ing, or "the fact that". Finally, it covers conjunctions and phrases used to express purpose like "to", "in order to", "so as to", "so that", and "for" followed by an infinitive, gerund, or subject+modal verb depending on the specific conjunction or phrase.

1. CLAUSES OF CONTRAST AND PURPOSENEFui 7B

2. Contrast: Although, though, eventhough+ clauseAlthough and eventhoughcan beused at thebeginningor in themiddle of a sentenceAlthoughtheweatherwas terrible, wehad a good time.Wehad a good time, althoughtheweatherwas terribleEventhoughisstrongerthanalthough – usedtoexpress a bigcontrastI wenttoworkeventhoughI wasillEventhoughI wasill, I wenttowork

3. Although, though, eventhough+ clauseThoughis more informal. It can onlybeused in themiddle of a sentence.I like Ann thoughshesometimesannoys meBut: I like Ann. Shesometimesannoys me, though

4. In spite of, despiteAfterin spite of ordespite, use a noun, a verb in the–ingformorthefactthat+ subject + verb:

5. In spite of, despiteDON’T use of withdespiteDespite of the rain > In spite of the rain/Despitethe rain

6. Purpose: to, in orderto, so as to, so that, forUse to, in orderto, so as to, forand so thattoexpresspurpose.

7. to, in orderto, so as to, so that, forAfterto, in orderto, and so as touse aninfinitiveUse for + a nounWewenttherefor a meetingYou can use for + gerundto describe theexactpurpose of a thingThisliquidisforcleaning metal

8. to, in orderto, so as to, so that, forAfterso that, use a subject + a modal verb (can, could, would, …)I wenttothe bank so thatI couldwithdrawsomemoney

9. to, in orderto, so as to, so that, forToexpress a negativepurposeuse so as nottoorin ordernotto, NOT notto. You can also use so that+ subject + wouldn’tI wroteitdownso as nottoforgetitI wroteitdownso that I wouldn’tforgetit