This document discusses how to report speech and questions in indirect speech. It explains that when the introductory verb is in the present tense, there are no changes to the reported verb tenses, but when it is in the past tense, verb tenses and other elements like pronouns and time expressions change. Common examples are provided for reporting yes/no questions, WH- questions, orders, and suggestions in indirect speech.

1. REPORTED SPEECH
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2. REPORTED STATEMENTS.
There are no changes in the verbal tenses when the introductory verb
(says, tells, comments, asks, orders..) is in the present tense:
- “My brother studies German.”
He says (that) his brother studies German.
-“I can hear a bird now.”
-He says (that) he can hear a bird now.
However, when the introductory verb is in the past tense ( said, said
to me, told me, asked, commented, suggested, ordered…) there
are some changes in the verbal tenses as well as in personal
pronouns, possessive adjectives, demonstrative and adverbial
expressions of time. All these Ricardo Forner 2010
changes are pretty much the same as
those in Spanish.
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3. -“We see you every day”
- They said/ said to us/ told us (that) they saw us every day.”
- “I danced with you yesterday”
- He said (that) he had danced with me the day before/ the
previous day.
-“He will come tomorrow if he’s free”
- She told me he would come the following day /the day after
if he was free.
- “I’m
reading my favourite book”
- He commented (that) he was reading his favourite book.
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4. -“We
were cooking last night.”
- They said they had been cooking the night before/ the
previous night.
-“He has already worked here”
-She told us he had already worked there.
- “I have been running for an hour and a half”
- He said to me that he had been running for an hour and a
half.
- “They had already watched that film.”
- He told me they had already watched that film.
- “My brother had been working in a supermarket.”
- She explained her brother had been working in a
supermarket.
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5. -“I can come today”
- He said he could come that day.
- “She may be at the party tonight”
- They told me (that) she might be at the party that night.
- “I must help my father with this job”
- He thought (that) he had to help his father with that job
- “They have to study a lot at university.”
- The teacher told them they had to study a lot at university.
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6. REPORTED QUESTION
Reported questions become subordinate clauses and the
sentence is no longer a question but a statement, therefore
there is no inversion of subject and verb, there are no
inverted commas and there is no question mark at the end.
YES / NO QUESTIONS:
-“Do you live next to me?”
- He asked if I lived next to him.
-Did you see the match a month ago?
-He asked if I had seen the match the previous month.
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7. -“Have you ever been to Italy?”
- He asked me if I had ever been to Italy.
- Will your friend come to our party tomorrow?”
- They wanted to know if my friend would go to their party the
next day.
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8. WH- QUESTIONS.
-“What is the problem?”-I asked what the problem was.
-“Where have you been recently?”
- He asked me where I had been recently
-“Who were you dancing with last night?”
-She asked me who I had been dancing with the previous
night.
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9. REPORTED ORDERS.
We change the imperative to the infinitive and we use
introductory verbs like tell, order, demand, warn, threat,
shout…
-“Please, come with me.”
-He told me to come with him
-”Speak loudly”
- The teacher ordered the student to speak loudly.
-“ Don’t touch it.” / “Don’t get any closer to me”
- They told him not to touch it. / not to get …
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10. REPORTED SUGGESTIONS.
-”Let’s go to the cinema tomorrow”
-He suggested going to the theatre the next day.
-”Why don’t we visit our mother”
-He suggested visiting our mother.
-“Why don’t you visit your mother?”
- He suggested that I visit my mother
-You should see a doctor.
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-He suggested that I see a doctor.
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