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This document provides information on writing research reports. It defines a research report as the culmination of the research process that communicates data and ideas to an audience in a written format. There are different types of research reports, including research articles, abstracts, theses, dissertations, and project reports. The document outlines the typical sections of a research report, which generally include a preliminary section with items like a title page and table of contents, the body of the report with chapters on the introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusions, and a reference section. It provides details on the content and purpose of each of these standard sections in a research report.
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FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
This document provides an overview of the key components that should be included in a research proposal. It discusses that a research proposal establishes a systematic plan for a proposed study and serves to determine feasibility. The main sections covered are: introduction with title, problem statement, objectives and hypotheses, literature review, significance, definitions, delimitations, assumptions, population and sampling methods, data collection tools, data analysis procedures, bibliography, time schedule, and budget (if seeking funding). Providing all these elements gives necessary information for guiding and evaluating the proposed research project.
Review of literature
The document discusses the process of conducting a literature review. It begins by defining a literature review and its importance, including providing background for research and keeping professionals informed of the current state of the field. Next, it outlines the purposes of literature review, such as conveying previous knowledge and identifying gaps. It then discusses the functions, sources, and steps involved in conducting an effective literature review.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
This document discusses the importance of clearly defined research objectives. It states that objectives provide direction and focus for a study. Objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. Without clear objectives, a study risks becoming aimless and producing no meaningful results. The document also categorizes objectives as general or specific, provides examples of each, and offers guidelines for writing objectives using action verbs that can be evaluated.
A presentation on research report writing.
This presentation discusses the key aspects of writing an effective research report. It begins by defining a research report as a means of communicating research findings and results to interested parties. The presentation outlines the functions of research reports, such as communicating the problem, methods, facts, conclusions and relationships. It also discusses essential elements like clarity, brevity, and objectivity. The presentation covers various types of reports, the planning and formatting process, and concludes by emphasizing that a well-written report is the final product of a research project and a concise way to communicate important findings.
research design
Research design involves decisions about how to collect and analyze data to answer research questions or solve problems. There are two main types of research design: observational studies and experimental studies. Observational studies observe naturally occurring events without intervention, while experimental studies involve deliberate human intervention to change the course of events. Common research designs include descriptive studies, analytical studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized controlled trials. Research design aims to ensure valid, unbiased conclusions through careful planning of study type, variables, data collection, and statistical analysis.
4. review of literature
This document provides an overview of conducting literature reviews. It defines what a literature review is, explains its importance and purpose, and identifies different types of literature and resources. The document outlines the steps of conducting a literature review, including identifying primary and secondary sources. It emphasizes using peer-reviewed, relevant and current sources. Finally, it lists several electronic databases and other resources that can be used to locate literature, such as PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane.
Ppt. developing a research proposal
The document discusses the components and purpose of a research proposal. It explains that a research proposal communicates a research problem and proposed methods for solving it. The major sections of a proposal are outlined, including an introduction, definition, functions, components such as the background, problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, variables, methodology, work plan, budget, and conclusion. An effective proposal allows researchers to clarify their thinking, open communication with other parties, and serve as a basis for negotiating resources.
Research Report Writing
The document outlines the steps and format for preparing a research report. It discusses that a research report involves several steps like logical analysis of the subject matter, preparing outlines and drafts, and rewriting. The main sections of a research report include an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. A research report should be objective, concise, and written in simple language. It should disseminate findings, examine the validity of conclusions, and inspire further research. The goal is to effectively communicate the research work to others.
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This document provides an overview of the key components that should be included in a research proposal. It discusses that a research proposal establishes a systematic plan for a proposed study and serves to determine feasibility. The main sections covered are: introduction with title, problem statement, objectives and hypotheses, literature review, significance, definitions, delimitations, assumptions, population and sampling methods, data collection tools, data analysis procedures, bibliography, time schedule, and budget (if seeking funding). Providing all these elements gives necessary information for guiding and evaluating the proposed research project.
Review of literature
The document discusses the process of conducting a literature review. It begins by defining a literature review and its importance, including providing background for research and keeping professionals informed of the current state of the field. Next, it outlines the purposes of literature review, such as conveying previous knowledge and identifying gaps. It then discusses the functions, sources, and steps involved in conducting an effective literature review.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
This document discusses the importance of clearly defined research objectives. It states that objectives provide direction and focus for a study. Objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. Without clear objectives, a study risks becoming aimless and producing no meaningful results. The document also categorizes objectives as general or specific, provides examples of each, and offers guidelines for writing objectives using action verbs that can be evaluated.
A presentation on research report writing.
This presentation discusses the key aspects of writing an effective research report. It begins by defining a research report as a means of communicating research findings and results to interested parties. The presentation outlines the functions of research reports, such as communicating the problem, methods, facts, conclusions and relationships. It also discusses essential elements like clarity, brevity, and objectivity. The presentation covers various types of reports, the planning and formatting process, and concludes by emphasizing that a well-written report is the final product of a research project and a concise way to communicate important findings.
research design
Research design involves decisions about how to collect and analyze data to answer research questions or solve problems. There are two main types of research design: observational studies and experimental studies. Observational studies observe naturally occurring events without intervention, while experimental studies involve deliberate human intervention to change the course of events. Common research designs include descriptive studies, analytical studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized controlled trials. Research design aims to ensure valid, unbiased conclusions through careful planning of study type, variables, data collection, and statistical analysis.
4. review of literature
This document provides an overview of conducting literature reviews. It defines what a literature review is, explains its importance and purpose, and identifies different types of literature and resources. The document outlines the steps of conducting a literature review, including identifying primary and secondary sources. It emphasizes using peer-reviewed, relevant and current sources. Finally, it lists several electronic databases and other resources that can be used to locate literature, such as PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane.
Ppt. developing a research proposal
The document discusses the components and purpose of a research proposal. It explains that a research proposal communicates a research problem and proposed methods for solving it. The major sections of a proposal are outlined, including an introduction, definition, functions, components such as the background, problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, variables, methodology, work plan, budget, and conclusion. An effective proposal allows researchers to clarify their thinking, open communication with other parties, and serve as a basis for negotiating resources.
Research Report Writing
The document outlines the steps and format for preparing a research report. It discusses that a research report involves several steps like logical analysis of the subject matter, preparing outlines and drafts, and rewriting. The main sections of a research report include an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. A research report should be objective, concise, and written in simple language. It should disseminate findings, examine the validity of conclusions, and inspire further research. The goal is to effectively communicate the research work to others.
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The literature review
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Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypothesis
With the objective of
To train the health professionals on health system research proposal development,
To acquaint the participants with health research process, and
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The document provides guidance on preparing research reports. It discusses the types of research reports, including technical reports, popular reports, interim reports, and summary reports. It outlines the structure of a research report, including the title page, abstract, introduction, theoretical review, data analysis, findings and conclusion, and bibliography. Finally, it discusses qualities of a good report, such as simplicity, clarity, brevity, and accuracy, and precautions for preparing research reports, like ensuring the report is long enough to be comprehensive but short enough to maintain interest.
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Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
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A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
It is a conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research methodology
The document discusses research methods and processes. It defines research as a systematic, controlled, empirical investigation to discover facts and test hypotheses. The key steps in research include:
1) Identifying a research problem or question.
2) Conducting a literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulating hypotheses to guide the research.
4) Developing a research design that specifies procedures like sampling, data collection and analysis.
5) Collecting both primary and secondary data according to the research design.
6) Analyzing the data and drawing conclusions about the hypotheses.
The document covers different research types and methods used in conducting systematic studies.
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Writing a research report involves four main steps:
1. Preparing by identifying the purpose, aims, and research question.
2. Collecting and organizing information from primary sources like experiments and secondary sources like other research.
3. Planning the report structure with headings, sections, and logical organization before writing.
4. Writing the report by including key sections like the title page, abstract/executive summary, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. The report should be logically organized and written to clearly communicate the research to the reader.
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This document provides an overview and guidelines for conducting research projects. It discusses the purpose and importance of research, as well as the key elements that make up a quality research project such as being systematic, logical, empirical and replicable. The document also outlines the various formats a research project can take, including assignments, project reports, dissertations and theses. It provides guidance on formatting a project report, including sample chapter outlines, titles, certificates, and references. The overall document serves as a useful reference for students and researchers on how to structure, format and develop a strong research project.
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Controlling nursing in nepal
National policies and practices on nursing services in Nepal are guided by health service acts and regulations. The quality of nursing professionals is monitored by the Nepal Nursing Council. Nursing services are an integrated part of the overall health services. The Nepal Nursing Council Act and Health Service Regulation establish rules for nursing education, registration, practice, and different nursing service positions. The national health budget prioritizes free health services, maternal and child health, access for poor and marginalized groups, senior citizens, and treatment programs. Nursing colleges are administratively controlled by entities like the Ministry of Health and Population but academically controlled by universities and the Nursing Council. Universities and governing bodies have responsibilities related to nursing college administration, staffing, facilities, budgets,
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Research reports aim to communicate research findings and provide information to support further action or research. They involve systematically gathering and analyzing data to advance knowledge. The objectives of a research report are to provide detailed information, communicate results, and provide a basis for further decision making, action, and research. Research reports are a key part of completing a research study, as they ensure the findings are effectively communicated to others. Proper writing of a research report involves logical analysis, outlining, drafting, revising, and finalizing with references. Research reports typically include introductory sections, the main body with methods and findings, and an appendix with additional details.
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The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It outlines that a literature review establishes importance, benchmarks results, presents related studies, and demonstrates how a study fits in the broader discussion. Researchers should create a concept map of issues and an outline to guide their search. Priority sources are peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and conference papers. Summaries should highlight the problem, purpose, results, limitations, and implications for further research. The review should make a cogent argument and demonstrate relationships between sources cited.
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The document provides steps to develop a well-focused research question. It instructs readers to choose a topic of interest, describe it in one sentence, study it because they want to find out something specific, convert the statement to a question, evaluate the question, restate it using different terms, review it with teachers, and begin research. The goal is to formulate a clear research question about an issue the reader cares about to guide their project work.
Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypothesis
With the objective of
To train the health professionals on health system research proposal development,
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Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypothesis is important.
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Preparation of Research Reports
The document provides guidance on preparing research reports. It discusses the types of research reports, including technical reports, popular reports, interim reports, and summary reports. It outlines the structure of a research report, including the title page, abstract, introduction, theoretical review, data analysis, findings and conclusion, and bibliography. Finally, it discusses qualities of a good report, such as simplicity, clarity, brevity, and accuracy, and precautions for preparing research reports, like ensuring the report is long enough to be comprehensive but short enough to maintain interest.
Different Methods of Collection of Data
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
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A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
It is a conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research methodology
The document discusses research methods and processes. It defines research as a systematic, controlled, empirical investigation to discover facts and test hypotheses. The key steps in research include:
1) Identifying a research problem or question.
2) Conducting a literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulating hypotheses to guide the research.
4) Developing a research design that specifies procedures like sampling, data collection and analysis.
5) Collecting both primary and secondary data according to the research design.
6) Analyzing the data and drawing conclusions about the hypotheses.
The document covers different research types and methods used in conducting systematic studies.
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This document outlines the standard format for writing a research report, including preliminary pages, the main body, and a reference section. The main body should contain an introduction, literature review, research method, data analysis, and results and discussion sections. The introduction covers background, problem statement, objectives, significance, and definitions. The literature review discusses basic concepts, theories, and previous research. The research method section specifies the population, sample, sampling technique, instrument, and data analysis plan.
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This document outlines the typical organization of a research study report. It is usually divided into three main sections: preliminary items like the title page and table of contents, the body of the report containing an introduction, design, results, and summary, and terminal items such as a bibliography and appendix. The introduction provides background on the topic and states the research problem or question. The design section describes the methodology. The results section presents findings and the summary discusses and interprets the results in relation to the introduction. Terminal items include references and additional supporting materials.
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Research Report Writing, Need. Functions and Qualities of Good Research Report.........Steps in Research Report Writing
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- 2. What is Research Report? • A RP is the culmination of the research process. • It is a tangible product or output especially a written/printed or published document for communicating specific data & ideas to an audience. • Contains information which are observed/investigated with a purpose
- 3. Types of Research Reports • Research Articles • Abstracts • Theses & dissertations • Project Reports
- 4. Research Articles • The purpose of Research Articles- to inform the readers of what you investigated, why & how you conduct the investigation, the results & conclusions. • Reports of empirical studies, review articles/ theoretical articles. • Reports of empirical studies: introduction, method, results, discussion
- 5. • Review Articles: critical evaluation of research material (published). Defines/clarifies the problem, summarises previous investigations, identifies, relations, contradictions, gaps and inconsistencies in the literature, suggestions.
- 6. Abstracts • A comprehensive summary of the contents of the article/thesis/dissertation. Characteristics of good abstract: • Accurate • Self contained • Concise & specific • Coherent and readable
- 7. Thesis & Dissertation • Record of research activities • Produced in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a course/programme • Methods/procedures adopted are substantiated with reasoned argument and evidence. • Must satisfy the specific requirements prepared by an institution.
- 8. Project Reports • Varies in types & purposes & length (UGC/UNESCO/WORLD BANK?/SSA) • Audience (Scientific/general/educational)
- 9. FORMAT OF A RESEARCH REPORT A. The preliminary Section B. The Body of the report/text C. The Reference Section
- 10. Preliminary Section 1. Title page 2. Preface, including acknowledgements 3. Table of Contents 4. List of Tables 5. List of Figures, maps or illustrations (if any)
- 11. Body of the Report/Text I. INTRODUCTION/CHAPTER I 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Significance of the problem 1.4 Definition of important terms 1.5 Basic research questions 1.6 Objectives of the Study 1.7 Delimitations of the Study 1.8 Statement of hypotheses
- 12. • II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/CHAPTER 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Studies conducted in India 2.2 studies conducted abroad 2.3 Conclusion
- 13. II. DESIGN OF THE STUDY/CHAPTER III 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Description of research Design 3.2 Population and sample 3.3 Sources of Data 3.4 Tools 3.5 Conclusion
- 14. IV. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Tables & Figures (Analysis of whole data & systematic presentation) Statistics V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS /CHAPTER V 5.0 Introduction 5.1 Brief statement of problem & procedures 5.2 Major findings & conclusions 5.3 Recommendations 5.4 Suggestions for further research
- 15. REFERENCE SECTION • Bibliography (Books, Journals) • Appendix (Complicated statistical analysis, published articles, copies of questionnaires, inventories etc)
- 16. THANKYOU