A report is a statement of the results of an investigation that provides definite information. A project report documents any type of project, including school, business, or research projects. Report writing conveys information to others through an organized, factual, and objective presentation. A traditional project report structure includes an abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, findings/results, discussion, conclusions, references, and appendices. The abstract summarizes the entire report in 200-300 words so readers can decide whether to read the full paper. The introduction provides context and outlines the research questions and objectives. The literature review analyzes previous related work. The methods section describes how the research was conducted. Findings/results present outcomes without interpretation. The discussion

1. What is report?
“A report is a statement of the results of an
investigation or of any matter in which definite
information is required”.
(Oxford English Dictionary)

2. What is project report?
A project report is a record of any sort of
project, whether it is a school project, business
project, or research project.

3. What is Report Writing ?
• Report writing is a means to convey some
information to others.
• An organized, factual, objective presentation
of information.

4. Characteristics of the traditional structure of report
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
4. METHOD
5. FINDINGS/RESULTS
6. DISCUSSION
7. CONCLUSIONS
8. REFERENCES
9. APPENDICES

5. Abstract
• Abstract is prepared at the end of the report.
• It is the summary of the complete content of the
project report (200-300 words).
• Informative, not descriptive, in form.
• By reading the abstract, others can decide whether
to the main paper or not.
• It contains background, methods, findings and
conclusion.

6. Introduction
• The introduction generates the readers interest by
giving them the context for the report.
• Gives the reader a clear indication of what they can
expect.
• Include a full statement of research questions,
research aim and research objectives.
• Also include a road map to guide the reader to rest of
the report.

7. Literature review
• Collect information of related research work.
• Write review with citation.
• Provide guidelines for research.
• Helps readers to understand how your study relates
to the work that has already been done on your
topic.
• Suggest a particular research approach, strategy and
data collection techniques.

8. Method
Points to address in method:
• Research setting
• Selecting the sample
• Data collection
• Data analysis procedures
• Reliability and validity or dependability and
credibility
• Ethical concerns

9. FindingsResults
• TELLS ABOUT OUTCOMES OF THE RESEARCH STUDY.
• FIGURES AND TABLES APPEAR HERE.
• SHORT DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED TABLES AND
FIGURES.
• NO DISCUSSION OR INTERPRETATION OF DATA IS
DONE.

10. Discussion
• Describes what the result of experiment means.
• Interpret the result in light of what was already
known about the project.
• Explain new understanding of the problem.
• Discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and limitation of
the study.

11. Conclusion
• Summarize the whole research.
• Do not introduce new information.
• Generalizes the results.
• Main purpose is to answer the questions, meeting
objectives and support or refute the research
hypothesis or proposition.
• Future research direction.

12. Reference
Reference is the detailed description of the document
from which the information has obtained.
A researcher must acknowledge all those who
contributed to his research. It helps to avoid charges of
plagiarism.
It is best to start reference section at the beginning of
the writing process.

13. Appendices
It consists of all the information which is beyond the
scope of the present paper but necessary for the
readers, in order to have better understanding of the
research.
The contents are optional to include in paper.
It should include a blank copy of questionnaire,
interview or observation schedule, or a participant
diary.