The site visit summary is as follows: 1) The site visit was held on November 19th at Sekyen 2A, Antara Gapi, Serendah which was 61km from Taylor's University. Students were briefed on safety and provided helmets before visiting the construction site. 2) At the site, there were four different house types being constructed using pile and pad foundations. Students observed the construction process from foundation to roof and gained an understanding of technical aspects. 3) The site visit lasted around two hours and provided students insight into applying their classroom learning to real construction practices and environments. Students thanked the contractor for the educational opportunity.

1. TABLE OF CONTENT
Title No.
COVER PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION OF THE SITE VISIT
CONTENTAND TECHNICAL OBSERVATIONS
PHOTOS AND DESCRIPTIONS
CONCLUSION

2. INTRODUCTION OF THE SITE VISIT
The site visit was held on Thursday,19th
November 2015.The
location of the site was at Sekyen 2A,Antara Gapi,Serendah which
was 61km far away from Taylor’s university.The contractor of the
site is Siak Siong Construction Sdn Bhd.Before that,Ms Ang,Ms
Aishah and Ms Azrina briefed us about the safety precautions and
preparation for the site visit to ensure our safety.We were told to
bring the safety helmet to protect our head during site visit in
case of accidents such as dropping objects, collapsing structure
and so on. We should always be alert of our steps to avoid
slipping or stepping on any nails.
On the day of visit, we gathered at the Block B of Taylor’s
University to take the bus to get to the site at sharp 8.00am. We
were separated into two buses after taking attendance. We
reached the site after one hour of journey. The project manager
of the site gave us a short briefing and distributed the site plan to
us.From that,we knew there were four different types of houses
construction at this site.Pile foundation and pad foundation were
applied at this site.After that,we started to visit the site by
following the workers of the site.They explained the process of
constructing a house from the foundation to the roof friendly. We
managed to differentiate the type of the houses which were step-
up type,step down type and flat type.We also We also gained the
opportunity to get inside the temporary meeting room of the site.
Our site visit lasted for around two hours.Free drinks were
provided by them before we leaving.We thanked them for giving
us the opportunity to visit the site.After that,we took the bus to
go back to Taylor’s University.

3. CONTENT AND TECHNICAL OBSERVATION
How a pad footing is constructed?
Pad footing is a type of foundation which is typically rectangular
or square pad used to support localized loads such as column.
First of all,site clearance is carried out to remove the
bushes,trees,stump of trees and so on.After that,the position of
pad footings are set up according to the plan dimensions by using
surveying equipment.The workers will use cement powder to
mark the size of pad footing.
Excavation process is then started by excavating earth to the
depth required which is 1.5m depth by using excavator.After
excavating, the workers will start to build the formwork according
to the plan dimension by using timber and nails.Adjustment of the
formwork will be done to ensure the size and position of the pad
footing is set up accurately .Stud will be added to the side to
prevent the falling of the formwork.To make sure that the
formwork is strong enough to withstand the strength of the
concrete when it is poured,the formwork is braced to hold the
formwork in position.
Next,the worker will pour a lean concrete mixture which is 50mm
thick inside the formwork.The lean concrete mixture is then
levelled .The purpose of pouring the lean concrete mixture into
the formwork is to provide an uniform surface to the foundation
concrete.Also,it prevents the direct contact of foundation
concrete from the soil.
The following step is to add some spacer block on the lean
concrete.The uses of spacer block is to maintain the

4. reinforcement in the proper position and provide a proper
transfer of stress from the concrete to steel rebars.Reinforcement
main bar and tranverse rebar are then arranged and placed into
the formwork.A starter bar is tied to the reinforcement bar so
that the reinforcement for stump can be erected.
Next,the worker will pour the concrete Grade 30 into the
formwork by using concrete mixer.They will use the concrete
vibrator to ensure the adequate compaction of the concrete.The
concrete is then allowed to cure .When the concrete is hardened
and dried completely,the formwork is removed .The pad footing is
now done.

5. WHAT ARE THE MATERIALS INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTING A PAD
FOOTING?
One of the material used in constructing a pad footing is lean
concrete. Lean concrete is a plain concrete with a large ratio
aggregate to cement than concrete.It’s used to fill under the
concrete foundation.The uses of lean concrete is to provide an
even surface to the foundation and prevent the direct contact of
concrete foundation from the soil.The depth of the lean concrete
used in this project is 50mm thick.
Another material used in constructing a pad footing is
formwork.Formwork is a mould/box which wet concrete can be
poured so that it will flow and finally set to the inner profile of the
box.The formwork is constructed based on the plan
dimension.The formwork must be strong enough to support the
load of wet concrete.Timber is the main material in constructing
formwork while nails are used to fix and hold the timbers
together.
Reinforment is also involved in constructing a pad
footing.Reinforcement is done to make the pad footing become
stronger.There are two types of reinforcement which are high
tensile and mild steel.Rebar are usually high tensile which are
stronger than the mild steel while the link and stirrups which
twisted around the rebar are usually mild steel.
Spacer block is also one of the material involved in the
construction of pad footing.Spacer block is a piece of block made
up of concrete and placed between the reinforcement and lean
concrete.The spacer block can be used to maintain the

6. reinforcement in proper position.It also can prevent the rebar
from corrosion.It prevents the direct contact of the reinforcement
and the soil.The spacer block can be made by in-situ.
The last material used for the construction of pad footing is the
concrete.Concrete is a mixture of cement,aggregates and water at
certain proportions to meet standard or special mix
needs.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the
world.The concrete is poured into the formwork to form the pad
footings.Concrete must be cured before proceeding to the next
stage of construction.

7. PHOTOS AND DESCRIPTIONS
Figure1.0 The pile which have been piled into the ground by using a pile
driver.
Figure1.1 The closer look of the pile.

8. Figure2.1 Fabric reinforcementbar.The rusting partof the fabric
reinforcement bar have to be removed before using.
Figure2.2 The reinforcementbar which are readily to be used

9. Figure3.0 The independent scaffolding used by the workers to reach higher
place
Figure3.1 The bonding of the bricks is stretcher bond

10. Figure4.1 The worker is going to tie the rebar with the link.
Figure4.2 A closer view of the links of the rebar.

11. Figure5.1 The door frame that are going to fit inside the house
Figure5.2 The roof

12. Figure6.1 The workers areconstructing the formwork of thepad footing.
Figure6.2 The timbers which are going to be reused

13. Figure7.1 The workers areremoving the formwork of the pad footings.
Figure7.2 The pad footing look after removing the formwork

14. Figure8.1 The retaining wall used to separatethe zone of the housing area
Figure8.2 The gradeof the cement used is Grade30

15. Figure9.1 The site plan given by the projectmanager
Figure9.2 The site plan in the meeting room

16. Figure10.1 Theproposalfor TYPE 1 Figure10.2 Theproposalfor TYPE 2A
Figure10.3 The proposalfor TYPE 2B Figure 10.4 The proposalfor TYPE 3

17. Figure11.1 Footing layout plan
Figure11.1 Lower ground floor plan,roof plan,ground floor plan,firstfloor
plan

18. CONCLUSION
Throughout the site visit,I have seen the basics of the construction
process and how the workers work on the site.After experiencing
the real working environment, I have a clearer image on what I
have learned in the lecture and tutorial class. I also have the
opportunity to witness the usage of construction equipment on
site including mechanical plants I read from the note given by the
lecturer.
Besides that,I have learned to explore identify various types of
building materials and technology on site. It’s fun to exchange
opinion with my friends,teacher and the workers of the site about
the building materials and the construction equipment.I also gain
the knowledge about the construction of buildings and the
scientific principles that underpin the design and construction.
Furthermore, I also realize the importance of safety of working on
the site because of all the dangers exists on the site.As Safety
comes first,so I need to be alert with the surrounding whenever I
am on the site.Another thing that I have learnt is to know the
importance of teamwork and communication skills while working
together on the site.
In a nutshell,this site visit benefits me by giving me a better
understanding about what am I going to face in future as a
quantity surveyor.I am sure that all the knowledges I have gained
during the site visit will help me a lot in my studies.