Removal of pathogens from waste water by G-1
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Introduction The need to remove pathogens from potable water supplies is long recognized. Pathogenic contamination of water cause disease outbreaks and contribute to background disease rates around the world, and most seriously impacting the developing world.
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Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the level of oxygen present in water or other liquids. It is important for assessing water quality and supporting aquatic life. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically break down pollutants in water. DO enters water through diffusion from air and as a byproduct of photosynthesis. It can be measured using electrochemical, optical, or colorimetric methods. COD is determined by using potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent under acidic conditions, then measuring the amount of chromium formed.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and its Industrial Significance
BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
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In a body of water with small amount of decaying organic material , the dissolved oxygen level may drop by 10 %, this would represent Low BOD
ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
(American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
Bacterial growth is very good between 6.5 to 7.5
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
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Punjab, Pakistan
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BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organism in a body of water to breakdown organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period .
Most of Bacteria in the aquatic columns are aerobic. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera.
Atmosphere contains 21% oxygen (210000 mg/dm3)
Higher the temperature of water higher will be the rate of respiration. So, concentration of oxygen decreases.
Many Animal species can grow and reproduce normally when dissolved oxygen level is ~ 5.0 mg/L.
HYPOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 3.0 mg/L. Many Species move elsewhere and immobile species may die
ANOXIA: When dissolve oxygen content below 0.5 mg/L. All aerobic species will die
Fertilizer contains Nitrate contributes to high BOD
Phosphate present in Soap and detergent that enhances the growth of algal blooms. As a result depletion of oxygen occur.
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ANALYSIS OF BOD OF WATER
Use glass bottles having 60 mL or greater capacity. Take samples of water.
Turn on the constant temperature chamber to allow the
controlled temperature to stabilize at 20°C ±1°C.
Record the DO level (ppm) of one immediately.
Place water sample in an incubator in complete darkness at 20 C for 5 days. Exclude all light to prevent possibility of photosynthetic production of DO
If don't have an incubator, wrap the water sample bottle in aluminum foil or black electrical tape and store in a dark place at room temperature (20o C or 68 °F).
DILUTION OF SAMPLE
Most relatively unpolluted streams have a BOD5 that ranges from 1 to 8 mg/L
Dilution is necessary when the amount of DO consumed by microorganisms is greater than the amount of DO available in the air-saturated.
If the BOD5 value of a sample is less than 7 mg/L, sample dilution is not needed.
The DO concentration after 5 days must be at least 1 mg/L and at least 2 mg/L lower in concentration than the initial DO
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BOD of the dilution water is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Discard dilution water if there is any sign of biological growth.
pH of the dilution water needs to be maintained in a range suitable for bacterial growth
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Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide may need to be added to the dilution water to lower or raise the pH, respectively.
CALCULATION:
The general equation for the determination of a BOD5 value is:
BOD = D1-D2/P
Where
D1 = initial DO of the sample,
D2 = final DO of the sample after 5 days, and
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample used.
If 100 mL of sample a
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Do,cod,bod
It consists of everything about the water parameters which is particularly about the DO, COD, and BOD. Hope you all be benefited from my slide.
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BALWOIS_2012
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Removal of pathogens from waste water by G-1
- 1. Mohammad Ali Jauhar University. Rampur A POWER POINT PRESENTATION on Removal of Pathogens fromwaste water Department Of Civil Engineering G-1 Batch 2017 -21
- 2. Introduction Water covers 75% of earth surface.
- 3. AIM OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT
- 5. PATHOGENS IN WASTE WATER
- 6. WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
- 11. AERATION PROCESS
- 12. Methodology BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
- 14. Biological oxygen demand Oxidation by microorganisms. Modelling treatment plant process& the effect organic compounds on dissolved oxygen content. 5days treatment. Toxic materials kills microorganisms. Inaccuracies when used with proper seed. Lengthy process.
- 16. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Oxidation by K2CR2O7. MN2(SO4)3 Rapid & frequent monitoring &Water quality. 1-3 hours. Correlates with B O D on waste water with constant Composition. Toxic materials do not affect oxidation. Short analysis time.
- 18. LIST OF MICROSCOPIC ORGANISM
- 19. CONCLUSION
- 20. Thank you.