This document discusses remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Remote sensing involves collecting data about objects from a distance using electromagnetic energy and sensors. It works through various stages including energy source, interaction with the target, sensor recording, processing, and interpretation. Remote sensing has applications in resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and land use analysis. GIS integrates spatial data using computer hardware, software, and trained personnel. It has advantages like visualization and modeling capabilities, and disadvantages like high costs and data errors. The future of remote sensing and GIS is promising as more industries adopt these technologies.

1. REMOTE SENSING
AND
GIS

2. •REMOTE SENSING
•BASIC CONCEPTS
•PRINCIPLE
•STAGES IN REMOTE SENSING
•APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING
•ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGERS
•GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
•KEY COMPONENTS
•APPLICATION OF GIS
•ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CONTENT

3. Remote sensing is a method of collecting and interpreting information about terrain
and other objects from distance without being in physical contact without objects.
Remote sensing involves the use of electromagnetic energy for the characteristics
determination of the objects. In remote sensing, the imagery is obtained with a
sensor.
REMOTE SENSING

4. BASIC CONCEPTS
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY-
Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy which moves with the
velocity of light. The sun and various artificial sources radiate
electromagnetic energy of variable wavelengths.

5. Passive system:
The system in which sun and earth’s material are used as a natural
source so as to radiate electromagnetic energy of variable wavelength is called as
passive system.

6. Active system:
The system in which irradiance from artificially generated energy sources
such as radar is used then it is called as active system.

7. The atmosphere affects the electromagnetic radiation in two
ways:
• Scattering
• Absorption
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter:
1. Transmission
2. Absorption
3. Emission
4. Scattering
5. Reflection

8. PRINCIPLE OF REMOTE
SENSING:
“Sensing the Earth’s surface from the space by making use of the properties of
electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected or diffracted by the sensed objects by
using natural resource management, land use and artificial resources.”

9. STAGES IN REMOTE SENSING
SYSTEM:
The remote sensing system consists of six stages:
i. Energy Source or Illumination (A)
ii. Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)
iii. Interaction with the Target (C)
iv. Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D)
v. Transmission, Reception, and Processing (E)
vi. Interpretation and Analysis (F)
vii. Application (G)

10. Procedure:
•The source produces electromagnetic energy.
•The energy from the source propagates to the target.
•The energy received by the target interacts where it is either transmitted,
absorbed, scattered, emitted or reflected from the target.
•The return signal is set to the sensor which responds to all wave lengths.
•The data recorded is then processed for useful interpretation.
•The information about the target obtained from the remote sensing is
made available to the users in the desired form.

11. Electromagnetic
energy source
Transmitted
Energy
Absorbed
Energy
Data
Recorder
Required
informatio
n
Sensor
Users
WORKING OF REMOTE SENSING

12. APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING:
1) Application of remote sensing in resource exploration:
2) Environmental application of remote sensing:
3) Application of remote sensing for land-use and land cover
analysis:
4) Application of remote sensing in local natural hazards:

13. ADVANTAGES
 Each space image is a document as if objectively reflects
the state of a locality at the moment of space survey.
 Space survey materials may be obtained for different
dates.
 Current space survey enables taking pictures
simultaneously of enormous territories with high
specification.
 Provides a view for the large region.
 Most of the remote sensors operate in every season, every
day, every time and even in real tough weather.

14. DISADVANTAGES
 Too costly to build and operate.
 Needs sound knowledge and understanding of
how the instrument is making the
measurements.
 Also requires knowledge of the phenomena you
are sampling.
 Data interpretation is difficult.

15. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

16. KEY COMPONENTS OF GIS:
1.Computer Hardware and Software
2. Spatial data from the ‘ Real world’
3. Trained personnel

17. APPLICATION OF GIS:
1. Land information:
2. Environmental field:

18. ADVANTAGES:
•Visualize spatial data information.
•Power to create maps with images shown
•Can be used for a vast range of tasks.
•Provide solutions for problems.
•Model seismic activity precisely.
• Number of job opportunities.

19. DISADVANTAGES:
•Very expensive.
•Requires enormous amount of date: makes it prone for
error.
•Geographical error increases with larger scale.
•Violation of privacy.
•Failures in initiating additional efforts in order to fully
implement the GIS.

20. FUTURE SCOPE
Most of the countries in the world have started specializing in
geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS).
In India, the lack of skilled workforce has always been a concern.
With the advent of new and advanced technology, the
importance of geospatial science is going to amplify. .
Accelerated growth and development prospects in indie would
encourage several industries and businesses to use GIS and
remote sensing. Geoinformatics includes GIS, Remote Sensing
and Global Positioning System (GPS).

21. CONCLUSION
Remote sensing and GIS are integral to each other. The
development of Remote Sensing is of no use without
the development of GIS and vice versa. Remote
Sensing has the capability of providing large amount
of data of the whole world and also very frequently.
GIS has the capabilities of analyzing a large amount of
data within no time. Likewise capability of GIS would
have no use without the development of Remote
Sensing technology, which provides voluminous data.

22. REFERENCE
•Advanced surveying
-V. K. Kumavat
•www. Google.com
•www. Wikipedia.com

23. THANK
YOU