This document provides information on defining and non-defining relative clauses. It explains that defining relative clauses identify which noun is being referred to, and can include a relative pronoun as the subject or object of the clause. Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information about a noun and are set off by commas. Examples are provided of relative clauses with different relative pronouns in various positions within sentences.

1. Alfitra Rizqon Robby
Alvira Noer Effendi
Anna Lusiana
Astrie Endang Lestari
Bayu Rukmana Jati
Fortuna Bella Susanto
Manda Putri Suwasti
Muhammad Fauzan

2. Relative Clauses
Defining Relative
Clauses
Non-defining Relative
Clauses
The subject becomes
Relative Clauses
The object becomes
Relative Clauses
Clause
after the
subject
Clause
after the
subject
Clause
after the
subject
Clause
after the
object
Clause
after the
object
Clause
after the
object

3. A kind of subordinate clause, one of whose
arguments shares a referent with a main clause
elements on which the subordinate clause is
grammatically dependent.
A simple example of Relative Clause:
Mrs. Sark has a son. He is a doctor.
Mrs. Sark has a son (who / that) is a doctor.

4. We use relative clauses to post modify a
noun—to make clear which person or thing we are
talking about. In other words, we use relative clauses
to join two English sentences, or to give more
information about something.
In these clauses we can have the relative pronoun
who, which, whose or that.

5. A defining relative clause tells which noun we
are talking about.
Example:
- I like the woman. She lives next door.
- I like the woman who lives next door.
(If I don't say 'who lives next door', then
we don't know which woman I mean).
The defining relative clause could happen in
two condition. They are when:
a. The relative pronoun is the subject
b. The relative pronoun is the object

6. We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use
'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use
'that' for people or things. The relative clause can
come after the subject or the object of the sentence.
Remember, we can't drop the relative pronoun.
Example:
- The man is my cousin. He lives across the road
- The man (who / that) lives across the road is
my cousin

7. a. Clause after the subject of the sentence
1. The people live on the island. They are very
friendly.
The people (who / that) live on the island are very
friendly.
2. The house belong to Julie. It is in London.
The house (which / that) belongs to Julie is in
London.
3. The camera cost £100. It is over there.
The camera (which/that)costs £100 is over there

8. b. Clause after the object of the sentence
1. I’m looking for a secretary. She can use a
computer well.
I'm looking for a secretary (who / that) can use a
computer well.
2. She has a son. He is a doctor
She has a son (who / that) is a doctor.
3. We bought a house. It is 200 years old.
We bought a house (which / that) is 200 years old.

9. In this case we can drop the relative pronoun if
we want to. Again, the clause can come after the
subject or the object of the sentence.
Example:
- The boy is very nice. We met him yesterday.
- The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is
very nice.
- The boy we met yesterday is very nice.

10. a. Clause after the subject of the sentence
1. The university is famous. She likes the university
The university (which / that) she likes is famous.
2. The bike was stolen. I loved that bike.
The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen.
3. The women is from Mexico. My brother love her.
The woman (who / that) my brother loves is
from Mexico.

11. b. Clause after the object of the sentence
1. She loves the chocolate. I bought the chocolate.
She loves the chocolate (which / that) I bought.
2. We went to the village. Lucy recommended it.
We went to the village (which / that) Lucy
recommended.
3. The police arrested a man. Jill worked with that
man.
The police arrested a man (who / that) Jill worked
with.

12. A non-defining relative clause gives us extra
information about something. We don't need this
information to understand the sentence.
Example:
I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
(Everybody knows where London is, so 'which has
some fantastic parks' is extra information).
You aren’t going to use 'that' in non-defining
relative clauses, so you’ll need to use 'which' if the
pronoun refers to a thing, and 'who' if it refers to a
person. Remember, we can't drop the relative pronoun
in this kind of clause.

13. a. Clause after the subject of the sentence
1. My boss, who is very nice, lives in Manchester.
2. My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars.
3. My bicycle, which I've had for more than ten years,
is falling apart.
4. My mother's house, which I grew up in, is very
Everything inside the commas is an extra information.
It doesn’t define the noun/subject.
small.

14. b. Clause after the object of the sentence
1. Yesterday I called our friend Julie, who lives in
New York.
2. The photographer called to the Queen, who
looked annoyed.
3. Last week I bought a new computer, which I don't
like now.
4. I really love the new Chinese restaurant, which we
went to last night.

15. The END.
THANKS.