Patients having Conversion disorder receives and reinforced by attention and social support thus
they assume sick role unintentionally. Present study aims to examine the characteristics and symptoms of
patients with conversion disorder while find out the relationship of perceived social support and readiness for
treatment. This study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Fifty Conversion patients diagnosed by
psychologist/psychiatrist from different psychiatric departments of hospitals of Lahore were selected and were
required to complete the questionnaires. To assess the perceived social support and readiness for treatment,
Multidimensional Perceived Social Support scale (MPSS) and Client Motivation for Therapy Scale (CMOTS)
was administered respectively. Pearson Product Movement Correlation and t-test was applied for statistical
analysis. Results showed significant relationship between perceived social support and Readiness for treatment.
No significant differences were found in both genders. Perceived social support is related with readiness for
treatment in patients with conversion disorder. No significant gender differences have been found in perceived
social support and readiness for treatment in conversion patients. The result can facilitate psychologist and
other professionals to design the psychotherapy based on increasing sense of perception toward social support
and motivational strategies for patients with conversion disorder.
Coping Strategies Among Caregivers Of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Descript...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The document discusses the importance of hope in mental health nursing. It defines hope as a perception that something desired may happen. Hope plays a protective role for one's well-being and health. Mental health nurses aim to measure a client's level of hope and identify factors that influence hope or hopelessness. The nurse's role is to inspire hope through education, group therapy, humor, and addressing a client's spiritual needs. Assessing hope involves using scales like the Herth Hope Scale. Low levels of hope can indicate depression and risk of suicide. Stigma against mental illness can reduce hope, so nurses must work to reduce stigma's harmful effects.
Resources in community care, caplan's model, psychiatric nursingCelente French
Evaluate Caplan’s approach regarding the contribution of resources in the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health in the community.
Analyse psychiatric nursing approaches as professional resource in the promotion, maintenance and restoration of community mental health.
The document outlines several challenges in mental health care including misconceptions about mental health nursing, a lack of clinical guidelines, challenges in providing care within psychiatric wards, and challenges related to the role of mental health nurses. Some key priorities of the Helsinki Declaration are also summarized such as fostering awareness of mental well-being and collectively tackling stigma. The document discusses scope and role challenges as mental health practice shifts from illness to wellness and deinstitutionalization occurs.
The document discusses the concepts of mental health nursing, including the use of the nursing process and a holistic approach. It describes methods for collecting data on clients, such as observation, interviews, examinations and collaboration. Specific areas of data collection are outlined, including psychosocial history, mental status examinations, standardized screening tools, and considerations across the lifespan. Common mental health diagnoses and therapeutic strategies are also mentioned.
This document provides an introduction to the Atlas: Psychiatric Education and Training Across the World. It discusses the importance of psychiatrists in addressing the global burden of mental disorders and expanding mental health services. However, little was previously known about psychiatric training programs worldwide. This Atlas aims to gather basic information on psychiatric training in all countries to develop a knowledge base and help improve training, especially in low- and middle-income nations. It represents the first set of data collected through a collaborative project between the World Health Organization and World Psychiatric Association.
Coping Strategies Among Caregivers Of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Descript...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The document discusses the importance of hope in mental health nursing. It defines hope as a perception that something desired may happen. Hope plays a protective role for one's well-being and health. Mental health nurses aim to measure a client's level of hope and identify factors that influence hope or hopelessness. The nurse's role is to inspire hope through education, group therapy, humor, and addressing a client's spiritual needs. Assessing hope involves using scales like the Herth Hope Scale. Low levels of hope can indicate depression and risk of suicide. Stigma against mental illness can reduce hope, so nurses must work to reduce stigma's harmful effects.
Resources in community care, caplan's model, psychiatric nursingCelente French
Evaluate Caplan’s approach regarding the contribution of resources in the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health in the community.
Analyse psychiatric nursing approaches as professional resource in the promotion, maintenance and restoration of community mental health.
The document outlines several challenges in mental health care including misconceptions about mental health nursing, a lack of clinical guidelines, challenges in providing care within psychiatric wards, and challenges related to the role of mental health nurses. Some key priorities of the Helsinki Declaration are also summarized such as fostering awareness of mental well-being and collectively tackling stigma. The document discusses scope and role challenges as mental health practice shifts from illness to wellness and deinstitutionalization occurs.
The document discusses the concepts of mental health nursing, including the use of the nursing process and a holistic approach. It describes methods for collecting data on clients, such as observation, interviews, examinations and collaboration. Specific areas of data collection are outlined, including psychosocial history, mental status examinations, standardized screening tools, and considerations across the lifespan. Common mental health diagnoses and therapeutic strategies are also mentioned.
This document provides an introduction to the Atlas: Psychiatric Education and Training Across the World. It discusses the importance of psychiatrists in addressing the global burden of mental disorders and expanding mental health services. However, little was previously known about psychiatric training programs worldwide. This Atlas aims to gather basic information on psychiatric training in all countries to develop a knowledge base and help improve training, especially in low- and middle-income nations. It represents the first set of data collected through a collaborative project between the World Health Organization and World Psychiatric Association.
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. It discusses definitions of mental health and mental illness from organizations like the WHO and APA. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) is introduced as the taxonomy used by mental health professionals for diagnosis. The development of institutions and community mental health in response to developments like psychopharmacology is summarized. Current issues like the high prevalence of mental illness and limitations of treatment access are also outlined.
This document outlines standards for mental health and forensic nursing practice. It discusses 15 standards for professional practice in areas such as theory, data collection, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. It also discusses 7 standards for professional performance, including peer review, continuing education, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, it discusses standards for holistic nursing practice, including addressing patients' spiritual needs related to meaning, faith, hope, love, and forgiveness, as well as the role of religion. The overall purpose is to fulfill the nursing profession's obligation to provide high quality care.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in nursing, including:
1) Data collection and the nursing process involve gathering subjective and objective client data from various sources to understand a client's health status and develop a care plan.
2) Theoretical nursing frameworks guide the nursing process and focus on meeting client needs, promoting independence, and adapting to changes in health.
3) Nurses fulfill many roles including caregiver, communicator, teacher, advocate, counselor, leader, and manager to assist clients in achieving optimal health and adapting to illness.
Team approach in mental health service delivery, multi-disciplinary team, psy...Celente French
Differentiate between the roles of the team members in a multi-professional mental health team.
Evaluate the legal provision for each team member’s scope of practice.
Evaluate the contribution of the multi-professional team to the facilitation of the community’s mental health.
CRIS LUTHER'S TRENDS AND ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSINGcrisluther
TRENDS AND ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, perhaps the greatest challenge to nursing lies in the future, as we identify and develop clinical provider performance measures that are relevant to the care and the people we nurses serve!
introduction to mental health nursing Jasleen Kaur
It explains the perspectives of mental health & mental health nursing..It define mental health,mental health nursing,components of mental health,mental health act,mental health program...
It is a treatment approach to improve the lives of people with disabilities by teaching emotional,social and cognitive skills to work independently in the community.
Roles of the psychiatric mental health nurse in contemporary mental health careNursing Path
The document discusses the various roles of psychiatric-mental health nurses. It begins by introducing the generalist registered nurse and specialist clinical nurse specialist. It then describes several specialty roles including community mental health nurse, psychiatric home care nurse, forensic psychiatric nurse, psychiatric consultation-liaison nurse, nurse case manager, geropsychiatric nurse, parish nurse, telehealth nurse, nurse researcher, nurse educator, nurse administrator/manager, collaborative roles on interdisciplinary teams, and nurse psychopharmacologist. These roles demonstrate the expanding scope of practice for psychiatric nurses.
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING / PSYCHIATRIC NURSINGNursingWaani🎉
This document provides an overview of the history and perspectives of mental health and mental health nursing. It discusses how mental illness was viewed throughout history from ancient times through the modern era. It outlines key developments like the establishment of asylums and institutions in the 18th century led by Pinel and Tukes, and the introduction of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s which revolutionized treatment. The document also defines mental health and mental illness, lists characteristics of both, and discusses laws governing mental health like the Mental Health Act and Mental Healthcare Bill in India.
This document provides an overview of various behavior models used in health promotion, including definitions, history, and applications. It discusses models such as the Health Belief Model, Trans-Theoretical Model, Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Locus of Control, and Sense of Coherence. It also provides examples of applications of these models to oral health research, such as using the Health Belief Model to design an oral health education program and examining oral hygiene behaviors using the Trans-Theoretical Model.
This document analyzes the mental health needs of Asian Muslim women (AMW) and the psychological interventions available to them. It finds that AMW underutilize mental health services due to cultural, social, and religious barriers. Major depressive disorder is common among AMW, yet psychotherapy is underutilized as a treatment due to stigma. While services exist, early termination of treatment is common. For psychological interventions to be effective for AMW, they must be culturally sensitive and address barriers like language and stigma. Cognitive behavioral therapy shows promise but must be adapted to the cultural context of AMW.
This document outlines the roles and responsibilities of a mental health nurse. It discusses basic level functions such as counseling, milieu therapy, self-care activities, psychobiologic interventions, health teaching, and case management. More advanced functions include psychotherapy, prescriptive authority, consultation, evaluation, program development and clinical supervision. It also lists phenomena of concern for psychiatric-mental health nursing such as promoting well-being, managing impaired ability to function, and addressing alterations in thinking, perceiving and communicating.
Mental health nurses work with individuals suffering from mental health conditions and their families to provide help and support. They assess patients' needs, develop care plans, administer medication, conduct therapy sessions, and encourage socialization and recovery. Mental health nurses work in various settings like hospitals, clinics, homes and more. They work as part of interdisciplinary teams and aim to empower patients through therapeutic relationships, education, and addressing their holistic needs.
Psychiatric mental health nursing is a specialized area of nursing practice focused on promoting mental health through assessing, diagnosing, and treating behavioral problems, psychiatric disorders, and related conditions. The goals of psychiatric nursing are to promote mental health, prevent mental disorders, treat clients with mental disorders, and help restore their health. Psychiatric nurses work in a variety of clinical settings and perform activities like health promotion, screening and evaluation, case management, crisis intervention, and rehabilitation.
This document provides an overview of several theories and approaches in social work case management practice, including psychosocial approach, functional approach, crisis intervention theory, and behavior modification. It describes the key principles, objectives, stages, and targets of each approach. The psychosocial approach emphasizes attention to both interpersonal relationships and personality systems. The functional approach focuses on understanding the client's situation and using agency functions and processes to facilitate change. Crisis intervention theory aims to restore functioning and coping capacity during times of stress.
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse with Borderl...Wyiki Wyone
Masters Thesis on Psychotherapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse:
Qualitative Longitudinal Cohort Study of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse with Borderline Personality Disorder (DBT for ASCA with BPD)
The document discusses several changes that have impacted psychiatric nursing in India, including demographic changes like more nuclear families and an aging population, as well as social, economic, technological, and mental health care changes. It also outlines the development of educational programs for psychiatric nurses at the diploma, master's, M.Phil, and doctorate levels. The document emphasizes the importance of standards of care, ethics codes, legal aspects, research, cost-effective care, and focusing care on specific groups.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of various professionals that constitute a multidisciplinary mental health care team. The core mental health disciplines include psychiatry, psychiatric nursing, clinical psychology, and psychiatric social work. Effective teamwork requires coordinated input from each member to holistically assess, diagnose, treat and rehabilitate patients. The psychiatrist leads the team and is responsible for diagnosis and treatment, while other professionals like nurses, psychologists and social workers provide additional therapeutic, evaluative and rehabilitative services. Together the multidisciplinary team aims to provide optimal care to patients and support their recovery.
- The concept of the therapeutic community was first developed by Maxwell in 1953 in his book "Social Psychiatry", which was later published in the United States as "Therapeutic Community".
- Therapeutic communities aim to use a patient's social environment to provide a therapeutic experience and enable patients to actively participate in their own care.
- Key elements of therapeutic communities include collective responsibility, citizenship, empowerment, avoiding dependency on professionals, and patients having significant involvement in decision-making.
The document discusses the need for physician leadership given changes brought by the Affordable Care Act. It argues that physician involvement is critical to successfully implementing programs like Value Based Purchasing and Accountable Care Organizations that encourage quality improvement and cost reduction. However, medical training focuses on clinical skills and does not prepare physicians for leadership roles requiring skills like collaboration and emotional intelligence. Developing physician leadership requires addressing this gap through training that emphasizes competencies like emotional intelligence shown to predict leadership success.
Therapeutic Interaction: A Perception of Therapist towards Patients with Anxi...iosrjce
The present research was conducted (a) to describe the socio-demographic information of
psychotherapist providing therapy to patients of anxiety disorder (b) to examine the therapeutic interaction on
various variables of therapeutic participation, resistance and dysphoric concern (related to patient’s
responses), and directive support for the patients (variable related to his/herself). It was hypothesized that
therapist would rate significantly high on therapeutic interaction (therapeutic participation, directive support,
resistance and dysphoric concerns) with anxiety patient. Sample comprised of thirty five psychotherapist
providing therapy to diagnosed anxiety patients in OPD (Outdoor patient department). Psychotherapy Process
Inventory was administered to assess perception of therapeutic interaction of psychotherapist. Descriptive
statistics and one sample t test were calculated for the analysis of data. Results revealed that most of the
therapists, possessed MS degree in Clinical Psychology. Results indicate that there is a significant high rating
on therapeutic interaction, therapeutic participation, directive support, resistance and dysphoric concern of the
psychotherapist who are providing therapy to the anxiety patients. Therapeutic interaction is perceived by the
therapist as supportive, whereas participation, resistance and dysphoric concerns of the patients were also
perceived high by the therapist in initial sessions. Findings will be helpful for psychologist and other
professionals to plan the therapeutic interventions for anxiety patients
The document summarizes a study that investigated the quality of life, spirituality, and social support among 25 caregivers of cancer patients compared to a control group of 25 individuals. Key findings included:
- Caregivers reported significantly lower psychological well-being and environmental quality of life than the control group.
- Caregivers reported significantly higher levels of spirituality and perceived social support compared to the control group.
- There was no significant difference between caregivers and the control group in terms of physical well-being.
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. It discusses definitions of mental health and mental illness from organizations like the WHO and APA. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) is introduced as the taxonomy used by mental health professionals for diagnosis. The development of institutions and community mental health in response to developments like psychopharmacology is summarized. Current issues like the high prevalence of mental illness and limitations of treatment access are also outlined.
This document outlines standards for mental health and forensic nursing practice. It discusses 15 standards for professional practice in areas such as theory, data collection, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. It also discusses 7 standards for professional performance, including peer review, continuing education, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, it discusses standards for holistic nursing practice, including addressing patients' spiritual needs related to meaning, faith, hope, love, and forgiveness, as well as the role of religion. The overall purpose is to fulfill the nursing profession's obligation to provide high quality care.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in nursing, including:
1) Data collection and the nursing process involve gathering subjective and objective client data from various sources to understand a client's health status and develop a care plan.
2) Theoretical nursing frameworks guide the nursing process and focus on meeting client needs, promoting independence, and adapting to changes in health.
3) Nurses fulfill many roles including caregiver, communicator, teacher, advocate, counselor, leader, and manager to assist clients in achieving optimal health and adapting to illness.
Team approach in mental health service delivery, multi-disciplinary team, psy...Celente French
Differentiate between the roles of the team members in a multi-professional mental health team.
Evaluate the legal provision for each team member’s scope of practice.
Evaluate the contribution of the multi-professional team to the facilitation of the community’s mental health.
CRIS LUTHER'S TRENDS AND ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSINGcrisluther
TRENDS AND ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, perhaps the greatest challenge to nursing lies in the future, as we identify and develop clinical provider performance measures that are relevant to the care and the people we nurses serve!
introduction to mental health nursing Jasleen Kaur
It explains the perspectives of mental health & mental health nursing..It define mental health,mental health nursing,components of mental health,mental health act,mental health program...
It is a treatment approach to improve the lives of people with disabilities by teaching emotional,social and cognitive skills to work independently in the community.
Roles of the psychiatric mental health nurse in contemporary mental health careNursing Path
The document discusses the various roles of psychiatric-mental health nurses. It begins by introducing the generalist registered nurse and specialist clinical nurse specialist. It then describes several specialty roles including community mental health nurse, psychiatric home care nurse, forensic psychiatric nurse, psychiatric consultation-liaison nurse, nurse case manager, geropsychiatric nurse, parish nurse, telehealth nurse, nurse researcher, nurse educator, nurse administrator/manager, collaborative roles on interdisciplinary teams, and nurse psychopharmacologist. These roles demonstrate the expanding scope of practice for psychiatric nurses.
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING / PSYCHIATRIC NURSINGNursingWaani🎉
This document provides an overview of the history and perspectives of mental health and mental health nursing. It discusses how mental illness was viewed throughout history from ancient times through the modern era. It outlines key developments like the establishment of asylums and institutions in the 18th century led by Pinel and Tukes, and the introduction of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s which revolutionized treatment. The document also defines mental health and mental illness, lists characteristics of both, and discusses laws governing mental health like the Mental Health Act and Mental Healthcare Bill in India.
This document provides an overview of various behavior models used in health promotion, including definitions, history, and applications. It discusses models such as the Health Belief Model, Trans-Theoretical Model, Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Locus of Control, and Sense of Coherence. It also provides examples of applications of these models to oral health research, such as using the Health Belief Model to design an oral health education program and examining oral hygiene behaviors using the Trans-Theoretical Model.
This document analyzes the mental health needs of Asian Muslim women (AMW) and the psychological interventions available to them. It finds that AMW underutilize mental health services due to cultural, social, and religious barriers. Major depressive disorder is common among AMW, yet psychotherapy is underutilized as a treatment due to stigma. While services exist, early termination of treatment is common. For psychological interventions to be effective for AMW, they must be culturally sensitive and address barriers like language and stigma. Cognitive behavioral therapy shows promise but must be adapted to the cultural context of AMW.
This document outlines the roles and responsibilities of a mental health nurse. It discusses basic level functions such as counseling, milieu therapy, self-care activities, psychobiologic interventions, health teaching, and case management. More advanced functions include psychotherapy, prescriptive authority, consultation, evaluation, program development and clinical supervision. It also lists phenomena of concern for psychiatric-mental health nursing such as promoting well-being, managing impaired ability to function, and addressing alterations in thinking, perceiving and communicating.
Mental health nurses work with individuals suffering from mental health conditions and their families to provide help and support. They assess patients' needs, develop care plans, administer medication, conduct therapy sessions, and encourage socialization and recovery. Mental health nurses work in various settings like hospitals, clinics, homes and more. They work as part of interdisciplinary teams and aim to empower patients through therapeutic relationships, education, and addressing their holistic needs.
Psychiatric mental health nursing is a specialized area of nursing practice focused on promoting mental health through assessing, diagnosing, and treating behavioral problems, psychiatric disorders, and related conditions. The goals of psychiatric nursing are to promote mental health, prevent mental disorders, treat clients with mental disorders, and help restore their health. Psychiatric nurses work in a variety of clinical settings and perform activities like health promotion, screening and evaluation, case management, crisis intervention, and rehabilitation.
This document provides an overview of several theories and approaches in social work case management practice, including psychosocial approach, functional approach, crisis intervention theory, and behavior modification. It describes the key principles, objectives, stages, and targets of each approach. The psychosocial approach emphasizes attention to both interpersonal relationships and personality systems. The functional approach focuses on understanding the client's situation and using agency functions and processes to facilitate change. Crisis intervention theory aims to restore functioning and coping capacity during times of stress.
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse with Borderl...Wyiki Wyone
Masters Thesis on Psychotherapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse:
Qualitative Longitudinal Cohort Study of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse with Borderline Personality Disorder (DBT for ASCA with BPD)
The document discusses several changes that have impacted psychiatric nursing in India, including demographic changes like more nuclear families and an aging population, as well as social, economic, technological, and mental health care changes. It also outlines the development of educational programs for psychiatric nurses at the diploma, master's, M.Phil, and doctorate levels. The document emphasizes the importance of standards of care, ethics codes, legal aspects, research, cost-effective care, and focusing care on specific groups.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of various professionals that constitute a multidisciplinary mental health care team. The core mental health disciplines include psychiatry, psychiatric nursing, clinical psychology, and psychiatric social work. Effective teamwork requires coordinated input from each member to holistically assess, diagnose, treat and rehabilitate patients. The psychiatrist leads the team and is responsible for diagnosis and treatment, while other professionals like nurses, psychologists and social workers provide additional therapeutic, evaluative and rehabilitative services. Together the multidisciplinary team aims to provide optimal care to patients and support their recovery.
- The concept of the therapeutic community was first developed by Maxwell in 1953 in his book "Social Psychiatry", which was later published in the United States as "Therapeutic Community".
- Therapeutic communities aim to use a patient's social environment to provide a therapeutic experience and enable patients to actively participate in their own care.
- Key elements of therapeutic communities include collective responsibility, citizenship, empowerment, avoiding dependency on professionals, and patients having significant involvement in decision-making.
The document discusses the need for physician leadership given changes brought by the Affordable Care Act. It argues that physician involvement is critical to successfully implementing programs like Value Based Purchasing and Accountable Care Organizations that encourage quality improvement and cost reduction. However, medical training focuses on clinical skills and does not prepare physicians for leadership roles requiring skills like collaboration and emotional intelligence. Developing physician leadership requires addressing this gap through training that emphasizes competencies like emotional intelligence shown to predict leadership success.
Therapeutic Interaction: A Perception of Therapist towards Patients with Anxi...iosrjce
The present research was conducted (a) to describe the socio-demographic information of
psychotherapist providing therapy to patients of anxiety disorder (b) to examine the therapeutic interaction on
various variables of therapeutic participation, resistance and dysphoric concern (related to patient’s
responses), and directive support for the patients (variable related to his/herself). It was hypothesized that
therapist would rate significantly high on therapeutic interaction (therapeutic participation, directive support,
resistance and dysphoric concerns) with anxiety patient. Sample comprised of thirty five psychotherapist
providing therapy to diagnosed anxiety patients in OPD (Outdoor patient department). Psychotherapy Process
Inventory was administered to assess perception of therapeutic interaction of psychotherapist. Descriptive
statistics and one sample t test were calculated for the analysis of data. Results revealed that most of the
therapists, possessed MS degree in Clinical Psychology. Results indicate that there is a significant high rating
on therapeutic interaction, therapeutic participation, directive support, resistance and dysphoric concern of the
psychotherapist who are providing therapy to the anxiety patients. Therapeutic interaction is perceived by the
therapist as supportive, whereas participation, resistance and dysphoric concerns of the patients were also
perceived high by the therapist in initial sessions. Findings will be helpful for psychologist and other
professionals to plan the therapeutic interventions for anxiety patients
The document summarizes a study that investigated the quality of life, spirituality, and social support among 25 caregivers of cancer patients compared to a control group of 25 individuals. Key findings included:
- Caregivers reported significantly lower psychological well-being and environmental quality of life than the control group.
- Caregivers reported significantly higher levels of spirituality and perceived social support compared to the control group.
- There was no significant difference between caregivers and the control group in terms of physical well-being.
Quality Of Life, Spirituality and Social Support among Caregivers of Cancer P...iosrjce
Caregiving can be both rewarding and challenging. Literature suggests that family caregivers may
experience increased symptoms of psychological and social malfunctioning. However, it may also provide one
with opportunities to renew relationships or feel connected to a higher power. The current study is an attempt to
investigate how caregiving influences a person’s general wellbeing. The sample consisted of 25 caregivers of
cancer patients and 25 appropriately matched control.World Health Organization- QOL (1991),
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet, et al (1988) and Spiritual Perspective Scale by
Reed (1986) were used to asses QOL, Social support and spirituality respectively. The obtained data was
analyzed in SPSS using independent sample t-test. Results indicated a significant difference between Caregivers
and the control group on QOL, spirituality and social support.
Application Of The Health Belief Model (HBM) In HIV Prevention A Literature ...Jody Sullivan
This document provides a literature review on the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a framework for HIV prevention. It discusses the key components and assumptions of the HBM. The HBM proposes that health behaviors are influenced by perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers. It has been widely used in health behavior research and HIV prevention. The review examines several studies that applied the HBM to understand factors like condom use. It concludes the HBM is a useful theoretical model for exploring health behaviors and guiding HIV prevention interventions.
Perceived Stress, Ways of Coping and Care Giving Burden among Family Caregive...iosrjce
Addressing perceived stress, ways of coping and care giving burden among family caregivers are
highly relevant in the current scenario in terms of prevention of mental illness and promotion of mental health of
people engaged in the care of their family member with schizophrenia. A community prevalence study
conducted by the IMHANS, Kerala estimated that 3.2 lakh people in the State suffer from schizophrenia (THE
HINDU, May 25, 2006).
A Problem Solving Intervention for hospice caregivers a pilot study.pdfSabrina Ball
This pilot study tested a Problem Solving Intervention (PSI) with 29 informal caregivers of hospice patients to improve their coping and problem-solving skills. PSI is a structured, cognitive-behavioral intervention that teaches problem definition, alternative generation, decision making, and solution implementation. After completing three PSI sessions, caregivers reported lower anxiety, better problem solving skills, and feeling less negatively impacted by caregiving. They also perceived PSI as helpful for discussing challenges and developing plans to address them. The study provides preliminary evidence that a problem-solving approach may benefit hospice caregivers and warrants further research.
Rahma Morgan ElshazlyAssignment Evidence-based Project (P.docxaudeleypearl
Rahma Morgan Elshazly
Assignment: Evidence-based Project (Part 2)
9/14/19
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, and Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Kim, E., Furlong, M., Dowdy, E., & Felix, E. (2014). Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening. Canadian Journal Of School Psychology, 29(2), 127-140. DOI: 10.1177/0829573514529567
Rückert, H. (2015). Students׳ mental health and psychological counseling in Europe. Mental Health & Prevention, 3(1-2), 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.04.006
Dieser, R., Christenson, J., & Davis-Gage, D. (2014). Integrating flow theory and the serious leisure perspective into mental health counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 28(1), 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.944883
Laux, J., Calmes, S., Moe, J., Dupuy, P., Cox, J., & Ventura, L. et al. (2018). The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Needs of Mothers in the Criminal Justice System. The Family Journal, 19(3), 291-298. DOI: 10.1177/1066480711405823
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
The article was considered since it is related to mental health counseling which is the clinical area of interest. The article relates to the area of interest since it focuses on mental health screening and its relationship to the dual-factor approach. The research article enriches the area under consideration by providing information on the best avenues to improve mental health outcomes.
The article was chosen since it focused on mental health and the relationship to psychological counseling among students. The article seeks to offer information on how an understanding of mental health can be applied in counseling to improve on the health outcomes.
The article focuses on mental health counseling as it relates to the serious leisure perspective and flow theory. The article relates to the clinical area of interest since it seeks to improve mental health counseling. The article acknowledges that various models have been utilized in mental health counseling and adoption of new methods is critical to success of mental health counseling.
The research deals with the mental health needs of mothers within the prison system. The study was informed by the fact that the community does not seem to care about incarcerated mothers. The study seeks to ensure that the mothers received the needed help to ensure mental wellbeing. The research contributes to the clinical area of interest since it helps shape a discussion regarding mental health in rehabilitation centers.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
The research was aime ...
Care coordination is an important aspect in care delivery for patients with complex needs. It is also important to address the holistic needs of such patients besides having a good understanding of the same.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open AccessThe spiritual distress assessm.docxronak56
The document describes the development of the Spiritual Distress Assessment Tool (SDAT) to assess spiritual distress in hospitalized elderly patients. A multidisciplinary group developed a Spiritual Needs Model identifying four dimensions of spirituality (Meaning, Transcendence, Values, Psychosocial Identity) and corresponding needs. Researchers then created the SDAT, a structured interview to identify unmet spiritual needs and score spiritual distress. Chaplains validated that the SDAT comprehensively assesses patients' spirituality. The SDAT shows potential as a clinically acceptable tool for integrating spiritual assessment into patient care plans.
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there.docxarmitageclaire49
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there and respond to them with a response of 3-4 sentences long
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves Mental health. I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that “
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs. These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care se.
Background: Behavioral health conditions are prevalent among patients in inpatient medical settings and when not adequately treated contribute to diminished treatment outcomes and quality of life. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of psychological interventions in addressing behavioral health conditions in a range of settings but, to a lesser extent with psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase attention on psychological interventions being delivered to patients across a broad spectrum of medical specialties in inpatient medical settings to support the implementation of interventions to address increasing patient needs. Methods: This selected, brief review of the literature sought to describe published psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. A search for studies catalogued on PubMed from 2007 to 2016 was examined and studies were included in the review if they were delivered within inpatient medical settings. Two reviewers independently assessed relevant studies for criteria. Results: A total of ten articles met the inclusion criteria with interventions targeting outcomes across four primary domains: 1) pain and fatigue; 2) cognition; 3) affective/emotional and; 4) self-harm. Several articles support interventions grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and brief psychological interventions. Most studies reported favorable outcomes for the interventions relative to controls. Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, especially those that integrate components of cognitive-behavioral therapy and a multidisciplinary approach, can be implemented in inpatient medical settings and may promote improved patient outcomes. However, the quality of this evidence requires formal assessment, requiring more comprehensive reviews are needed to replicate findings and clarify effectiveness of interventions.
Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner Student Nam.docxsimonlbentley59018
Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner
Student Name
Institution Affiliation
1
Introduction
The primary role of a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner is providing psychotherapy and educating patients and families.
One of the problems that has been experienced in psychiatry is stigma, discrimination and prejudice.
This issue has presented certain effects like delay in seeking help, burnout among health care providers and poor services.
One of the theories that is relevant to the specialty is the modelling and role modelling theory.
Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners usually play a key role in promoting health care. Their primary role is providing psychotherapy and educating patients and families. However, patients and health care providers are facing various issues particularly stigma, discrimination and prejudice which has negatively affected the provision of health care services. The modelling and role modelling theory is one of the theories that is relevant and can greatly help to deal with the problem and may be used as a framework to guide evidence-based practice.
2
Modelling and Role Modelling Theory
It was developed by Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Anne and was published in 1983.
This theory helps health care providers to care for and nurture every patient based on their needs.
Commonalities in the theory include attachment and loss, basic needs, holism and cognitive stages.
Differences in the theory include self-care, stress, adaptation, model of the world and inherent endowment.
The modelling and role modelling theory was developed by Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Anne and was published in 1983. This is a crucial theory in nursing because it helps health care providers to care and nurture patients while upholding the awareness and respect of every patient’s uniqueness (Smith, 2019). Due to that, this theory is considered to support clinical practices that concentrate on the needs of patients. The theory looks at certain elements like attachment and loss, holism, basic needs and cognitive stages. It focuses on certain differences amongst people including stress, self-care, adaptation, model of the world and inherent endowment.
3
Relevance of the Theory
Modelling involves health care providers seeking to know and understand patients’ personal model of their world.
Health care providers learn to appreciate the value of patients’ personal model of the world and its importance.
This theory acknowledges that all human beings have unique perspectives about their world.
Health care providers are able to develop an image and understanding of patients’ perspective and personal model of the world.
The modelling and role modelling theory is relevant to my nurse practitioner specialty since it entails crucial aspects that promote the well-being of patients. During the modelling process, nurses are able to find out and comprehend the personal model of patients and learn how t.
Assessment of Health Professionals’ Views and Beliefs about Mental Illnesses:...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that assessed the views and beliefs about mental illness held by 317 health professionals in Turkey. The study found that while half of health professionals viewed patients with schizophrenia positively, 41% believed they could be dangerous. It also found that nearly half did not want neighbors with schizophrenia. Health professionals scored highest on scales measuring beliefs about the dangerousness and helplessness of those with mental illness. Nurses/midwives and those with more negative views of schizophrenia scored higher overall. The study concluded that while most health professionals had positive opinions of patients with schizophrenia, many also viewed them as potentially dangerous.
Nurses' Spiritual Well-Being and Patients' Spiritual Care in Iran by Sepideh ...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
This study examined the relationship between nurses' spiritual well-being and their provision of spiritual care to patients in critical care units in Iran. The study found that nurses generally reported moderate levels of spiritual well-being. While most nurses felt spiritual care was important, only around half reported actually providing optimal spiritual care to patients. There was a significant positive relationship found between nurses' spiritual well-being and the quality of spiritual care provided to patients. Nurses who received training in spirituality reported higher spiritual well-being and provided better spiritual care. The study concludes that developing nurses' own spiritual well-being through training would benefit patients by improving the delivery of spiritual care.
Impacts of Mentor’s Strategic Communication on Adjustment Problems among Adol...Arun Varghese
The study aimed to assess the impact of a mentor's strategic communication on adjustment problems among adolescents. Sixty adolescents were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mentorship focusing on stress management, relationships, health, social skills, and emotions. Results found the experimental group had significantly lower adjustment problems after the intervention compared to controls. Areas like home, health, and emotions saw significant improvement. Having fewer siblings and a higher educated father were also associated with fewer adjustment issues. The study concluded mentorship can help adolescents better deal with daily problems and focus on their studies.
National Consensus Project Clinical Practice Guidelines Disseminationlsmit132
The document summarizes the 3rd edition of the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care Clinical Practice Guidelines. It was created by a consortium of six palliative care organizations to improve palliative care quality in the US. The guidelines provide recommendations for interdisciplinary palliative care delivery across various clinical domains and settings. The 3rd edition features expanded recommendations regarding palliative care delivery requirements and quality standards based on recent healthcare reforms and evidence.
Social work is an integral component of the U.S. health care system. The emergence of professional social work in Indian hospitals is a attributed to Bhore committee who recommended training and placement of hospital social workers. Social work in healthcare is performed in a medical context that is, the medical social worker needs to collaborate with the medical professionals who usually treat patients. Social work in healthcare is also regulated by healthcare legislation and not solely by social laws. Social work in healthcare in India accomplished by medical social workers trained in crisis treatment, psychosocial treatment, counselling, law, how to handle traumas and how to provide social assistance, emotional support, and instrumental support. Social worker in present settings across the health care continuum, providing services to individuals and families throughout the lifespan, and addressing the full range of bio psychosocial issues that impact well being. The presents article an overview of the Social Work, Health Care Settings and Social Work in Health Care Settings. Dr. Gouri Manik Manas "Social Work in Health Care Setting" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49098.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49098/social-work-in-health-care-setting/dr-gouri-manik-manas
Model of TreatmentEducation and its EvaluationProblem.docxhelzerpatrina
Model of Treatment/Education and its Evaluation
Problem(s)
Will Power +
Common Factors +
Any Specific Factor (any treatment model EBP or other) +
Feedback Informed Treatment + Deliberate Practice =
Effective Outcome
SPECIAL ARTICLE
How important are the common factors in
psychotherapy? An update
BRUCE E. WAMPOLD
Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway
The common factors have a long history in the field of psychotherapy theory, research and practice. To understand the evidence supporting
them as important therapeutic elements, the contextual model of psychotherapy is outlined. Then the evidence, primarily from meta-
analyses, is presented for particular common factors, including alliance, empathy, expectations, cultural adaptation, and therapist differ-
ences. Then the evidence for four factors related to specificity, including treatment differences, specific ingredients, adherence, and compe-
tence, is presented. The evidence supports the conclusion that the common factors are important for producing the benefits of psychotherapy.
Key words: Common factors, contextual model, psychotherapy, alliance, empathy, expectations, cultural adaptation, therapist differences,
specific ingredients
(World Psychiatry 2015;14:270–277)
The so-called common factors have a long history in psy-
chiatry, originating with a seminal article by S. Rosenzweig
in 1936 (1) and popularized by J. Frank in the various
editions of his book Persuasion and Healing (2-4). During
this period, the common factors have been both embraced
and dismissed, creating some tension (5-9). The purpose of
this paper is not to review or discuss the debate, but to pro-
vide an update, summarizing the evidence related to these
factors.
To understand the evidence for the common factors, it is
important to keep in mind that these factors are more than a
set of therapeutic elements that are common to all or most
psychotherapies. They collectively shape a theoretical mod-
el about the mechanisms of change in psychotherapy.
A particular common factor model, called the contextual
model, has been recently proposed (8,10). Although there
are other common factor models (e.g., 4,11), based on differ-
ent theoretical propositions, the predictions made about the
importance of various common factors are similar and the
choice of the model does not affect conclusions about the
impact of these factors. The contextual model is presented
below, followed by a review of the evidence for the common
factors imbedded in the model.
THE CONTEXTUAL MODEL
The contextual model posits that there are three path-
ways through which psychotherapy produces benefits. That
is, psychotherapy does not have a unitary influence on
patients, but rather works through various mechanisms.
The mechanisms underlying the three pathways entail
evolved characteristics of humans as the ultimate social spe-
cies; as such.
Model of TreatmentEducation and its EvaluationProblem.docxroushhsiu
This document discusses the importance of common factors in psychotherapy. It outlines the contextual model of psychotherapy, which posits that there are three pathways through which psychotherapy produces benefits: 1) the real relationship between therapist and patient, 2) the creation of expectations through providing an explanatory model of the patient's difficulties, and 3) the enactment of health-promoting actions. It then reviews evidence from meta-analyses supporting several important common factors, finding large effects for the therapeutic alliance, goal consensus/collaboration, and empathy. The evidence supports the conclusion that common factors, as conceptualized in the contextual model, are important for producing the benefits of psychotherapy.
Similar to Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Readiness for Treatment in Patients with Conversion Disorder (20)
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
1. The document describes a study that designed a balanced scorecard for a nonprofit organization called Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) in Malang, Indonesia.
2. The balanced scorecard translated YPKB's vision and mission into strategic objectives across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.
3. Key strategic objectives included donation growth, budget effectiveness, customer satisfaction, reputation, service quality, innovation, and employee development. Customers perspective had the highest weighting, suggesting a focus on public service over financial growth.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
- The document examines customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets in India through a survey of 418 customers.
- It finds that in supermarkets, previous experience, atmosphere, price, social environment and experience in other channels most influence customer experience, while in hypermarkets, previous experience, product assortment, social environment and experience in other channels are most influential.
- The study provides insights for retailers on key determinants of customer experience in each format to help them improve strategies and competitive positioning.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
This document discusses the implementation of quality management principles at Zimbabwe Open University's Matabeleland North Regional Centre. It begins with background information on ZOU and the importance of quality management in open and distance learning institutions. The study aimed to determine if quality management and its principles were being implemented at the regional centre. Key findings included that the centre prioritized customer focus and staff involvement. Decisions were made based on data analysis. The regional centre implemented a quality system informed by its policy documents. The document recommends ensuring staffing levels match needs and providing sufficient resources to the regional centre.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Readiness for Treatment in Patients with Conversion Disorder
1. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. III (Jan. 2015), PP 70-74
e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20137074 www.iosrjournals.org 70 | Page
Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Readiness for
Treatment in Patients with Conversion Disorder
Uzma Zaidi1
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of Health, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nora Bint
AbdulRahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
Abstract: Patients having Conversion disorder receives and reinforced by attention and social support thus
they assume sick role unintentionally. Present study aims to examine the characteristics and symptoms of
patients with conversion disorder while find out the relationship of perceived social support and readiness for
treatment. This study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Fifty Conversion patients diagnosed by
psychologist/psychiatrist from different psychiatric departments of hospitals of Lahore were selected and were
required to complete the questionnaires. To assess the perceived social support and readiness for treatment,
Multidimensional Perceived Social Support scale (MPSS) and Client Motivation for Therapy Scale (CMOTS)
was administered respectively. Pearson Product Movement Correlation and t-test was applied for statistical
analysis. Results showed significant relationship between perceived social support and Readiness for treatment.
No significant differences were found in both genders. Perceived social support is related with readiness for
treatment in patients with conversion disorder. No significant gender differences have been found in perceived
social support and readiness for treatment in conversion patients. The result can facilitate psychologist and
other professionals to design the psychotherapy based on increasing sense of perception toward social support
and motivational strategies for patients with conversion disorder.
Keywords: Conversion disorder, perceived social support readiness for treatment.
I. Introduction
Conversion disorder is a condition where patients present their problems with neurological symptoms
such as numbness, paralysis, or seizures, but where no neurological explanation can be found.[1]
It is thought
that these problems arise in response to difficulties in the patient's life, and conversion is considered a
psychiatric disorder in ICD-10 as well as DSM-V.[2,3]
As far as history of the conversion disorder is concerned,
prior to 1600, the hysteric affliction was linked with an illness of the uterus or given metaphysical explanations
such as witchcraft or demonic possession.[4]
In early 17th century, psychological explanation of hysteria was
appeared and classified as a variety of melancholy. Further it was a considered an affliction of the mind and its
presence was considered same for both genders.[5]
The original Freudian model suggested that the emotional
charge of painful experiences would be consciously repressed as a way of managing the pain, but this emotional
charge would be somehow "converted" into the neurological symptoms.[6]
Stone, Carson, and Sharpe suggested that patients do remain distressed by their symptoms in the long
term .[7]
Owens and Dein identified that the female to male ratio for the disorder ranges between 2:1 and 10:1.
Conversion is most frequently found in women with history of child abuse.[8]
Conversion disorder may present
at any age but is rare in children younger than 10 years or in the elderly.[9]
Studies suggest a peak onset in the
mid-to-late 30s.[10]
All over the world, there are different sociocultural factors related to mental disorders. In
Pakistan, Irfan and Badar found that most frequently reported stressors in hysterical patients were related to
family.[11]
Researchers identified that social support serve as coping mechanism in stressful life situation which
may reduce psychological distress in an individual.[12,13]
Moreover social support has been found closely related
to overcome psychological symptoms and disorders.[14,15]
Cobb defined social support the individual belief that
one is cared for and loved, esteemed and valued, and belongs to a network of communication and mutual
obligations.[16]
According to Sarason, Pierce, and Sarason, perceived social support is the set of feelings that you
are loved, valued, and unconditionally accepted.[17]
Social support has been given various definitions,
encompassing all social relationships.[18]
Social support might be of instrumental help, emotional, appraisal and
informational.[19,20]
Brugha and Bebbington pointed out the fact that the perception toward social support of a patient may
determine his/her readiness for treatment as well as recovery.[21,22]
Patients with conversion disorder get social
reinforcement to promote their symptoms and rewards to strengthen their beliefs to assume sick role. It further
leads toward resistance to get treatment.[23]
Tickle and Crockford emphasized that motivational level of
2. Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Readiness for Treatment in Patients.....
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20137074 www.iosrjournals.org 71 | Page
individual plays a vital in the treatment of conversion disorder because it requires a great deal of effort on behalf
of patient.[24]
Motivation for treatment has long been viewed by clinicians as critical determining factor that will
affect patients to sustain their participation in treatment.[25,26]
However, motivation at treatment intake has
proven to be an inconsistent predictor of treatment retention and outcomes.[27]
Motivation is the activation of
goal-orientated behavior. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. Seligman and Martin suggested that
motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include
specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, hobby, goal, state of being, ideal, or it may be
attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism, selfishness, morality, or avoiding mortality.[28]
II. Objectives
The main objective of the research is to find out relationship between perceived social support and
readiness for treatment in conversion patient. This research will help the psychotherapist as well as psychiatrist
to understand the person’s motivations for treatment who is suffering with conversion disorder in relation with
perceived social support. Its findings will facilitate to enhance the patients willingness to participate actively in
the diagnostic evaluation. Further it will be beneficial for the family members to understand the characteristics
of conversion patients.
III. Hypotheses
Keeping in view the literature review following hypotheses was formulated:
There would be a significant relationship between perceived social support and readiness for treatment.
IV. Methodology
4.1 Participants
Correlational research design was used on a sample consisted of conversion diagnosed patients (N= 50)
by psychologist/psychiatrist. The participants were approached from different psychiatric departments of
hospitals of Lahore i.e. Jinnah Hospital, Ganga Ram, Services Hospital, Punjab Institute of Mental Health.
Purposive sampling was used. Both male and female patients with minimum primary education level and from
middle socioeconomic class were included. Patients suffering with any co-morbid disorder of Axis I was
excluded.
4.2 Measures
A socio-demographic form, along with two standardized scales was used in this studt.
4.2.1 Demographic Form
A demographic data sheet was used to gather the personal information about participants including
their age, education, gender, occupation, family income, socioeconomic status, and marital status, number of
children, family members, number of siblings, social activities and number of treatment.
4.2.2 Multidimensional Scale of Perceive Social Support (MSPSS)
Multidimensional Scale of Perceive Social Support was administered in order to assess perceived
social support of patient with conversion disorder.[29]
Scale consists of 12 items divided into factor groups
relating the source of social support, namely family members (Fam), friends (Fri), or significant others. The
original English version of the MSPSS has a 7 point Likert scale that ranged from 1 (very strongly disagree) to 7
(very strongly agree). Reliability alpha coefficient of the scale was calculated using SPSS that was .98 to make
assurance that the translation of the scale was assessing the same thing that is assessed by the original scale.
Standard scoring procedures were used for both scales used in the recent study.
4.2.3 Client Motivation for Therapy Scale (CMOTS)
Client Motivation for Therapy Scale (CMOTS) was administered to assess the readiness for treatment
in conversion patients.[30]
Scale contains 24 items designed to measure client motivation for therapy. Subscales
are: intrinsic motivation, interjected regulation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, external regulation
and amotivation. Reliability alpha coefficient of the scale was .93.
4.3 Procedure
In order to conduct this research, some ethical considerations were kept in mind. The questionnaires
were translated in Urdu after seeking permission from the author through e-mail. Standard procedure of
translation and back translation was adapted. Official permission was sought from the administration of the
selected departments for the data collection. The consent form was given to the participants and the nature of the
3. Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Readiness for Treatment in Patients.....
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20137074 www.iosrjournals.org 72 | Page
study was explained before administration of the questionnaires. The questionnaires were given to the
participants to be filled by themselves. The duration of administration was of 20-40 minutes. After complete one
scale, 10 minute break was given. After break, the second scale was conducted. After the data collection, the
questionnaires were scored and quantitatively coded. Pearson product moment Correlation was calculated with
the help of SPSS version 17.0 to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and readiness for
treatment in patients with conversion disorder. Additionally to determine the significance difference in
perceived social support and readiness for treatment in male and female independent t-Test was calculated.
V. Results and Discussion
Table 1
Correlation between perceived social support and readiness for treatment in
patients with conversion disorder (N= 50)
Variables Readiness for treatment
Perceived social support .963*
df=48, *p < 0.05
Table 2
Gender differences in perceived social support and readiness for treatment (N=50)
Scales Gender M SD t p*
MSPSS
Female 66.75 18.48 -.08 .93
Male 67.75 23.16
CMOTS
Female 113.3 29.82 -.114 .90
Male 114.6 33.37
df= 48, P*>0.05
It was hypothesized that there is significant relationship between perceived social support and readiness
for treatment in patients with conversion disorder. To investigate the relationship between perceived social
support and readiness for treatment in patients with conversion disorder Pearson product moment correlation
was used to find out the results (Table 1). Results indicate that there is significant positive correlation between
perceived social support and readiness for treatment [r =.963, p <.05]. Thus first hypothesis was proved that
there is relationship between perceived social support and readiness for treatment in patients with conversion
disorder.
Additional statistical analysis was conducted to measure the difference in perceived social support and
readiness for treatment in male patients and female patients with conversion disorder. To investigate gender
differences in perceived social support and readiness for treatment in patients with conversion disorder,
independent sample t-test was used to find out the results (Table 2). Table 2 shows that there are no significant
gender differences in perceived social support and readiness for treatment in patients with conversion disorder
[t= -.08, df= 48, P>0.05]. Independent sample t-test was used to see whether there is difference between male
and female with conversion disorder of perceived social support and readiness for treatment. Thus additional
hypothesis was rejected that perceived social support and readiness for treatment will be scored high in male
patients as compare to female patients with conversion disorder.
Diagnosis and treatment of conversion disorder remains controversial throughout the history of
psychiatry. Even the emergence of its diagnosis laid the basis of psychogenic model.[8]
Recently, researchers
focused to explore the ambiguity related to etiology and causal factors. [25]
Salient feature for the diagnosis of conversion disorder is a distortion or deficiency in neurological
functioning without any organic lesion. Conversion disorder is manifested with pseudo-neurological symptoms
in both classifications that must be distinguished from true medical findings. Historically, hysteria was
perceived as female disease. Early Egyptian physicians attributed the symptoms of hysteria specifically related
to women. [6, 7, 31]
Psychosocial factors related to conversion disorders are considered as disturbances in interpersonal
relationship and social communication. Consequently appear in avoidance from obligation, expression of
emotion, symbolize a feeling or belief. [26]
Females was considered as inferior than male and had no right to
express their feeling as well as emotions openly; so they were more prone to develop hysterical symptoms. In
Sub-continent, these redundant thoughts are still prevailing. But, present research found no significant gender
differences in perceived social support and readiness for treatment among patient with conversion disorders.
Personality characteristics along with social, cultural and ethnic background may contribute in development of
conversion disorder.
Stressful circumstances may affect a person’s physical and psychological well-being. On the other
hand, it may affect individual’s perceptions and beliefs. Patients with conversion disorder get social
reinforcement to promote their symptoms and rewards to strengthen their belief to assume sick role.[26]
This
reinforcement comes from the sources of family, friends and significant one. Ancient Greeks considered human
4. Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Readiness for Treatment in Patients.....
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20137074 www.iosrjournals.org 73 | Page
being as a social animal. Individual always enjoys social ties like family, friends and significant ones around
him. Social support helps to alleviate emotional and psychological distress of an individual. Therefore, it has
mediating effects on one’s physical and psychological well-being.
Parents, siblings, peers, colleagues and significant others are consistent sources of social support.[1]
Perceived social support is the result of the operation of cognitive personality variables such as attribution style,
locus of control, or relational schemas. Social support satisfies the recipient's individual social needs like self-
esteem, affiliation, and approval or moral support. [20, 21, 22]
Excessive social support may strengthen negative
behaviors of a person. [26]
Instead a moderate level of social support may increase readiness for treatment in a
person. Readiness refers to the patient's positive attitude and preparedness to enter into a therapeutic relationship
for the purpose of resolving problems. It is comprised of attributes and attitudes associated with an interest and
motivation in personal changes of a psychological or emotional nature, willingness to participate actively in
treatment, acknowledgement of personal problems, and disposition of accept responsibility of problems of one’s
life. Caretaker and health care professionals may have negative attitude towards patients having conversion
disorder. Ahern, Stone and Sharpe concluded that illness beliefs of patients with conversion symptoms need to
be understood in the context of the beliefs of the health professionals looking after them.[31]
In this regard, it is
inevitable to explore the perception of sufferers towards their environment and treatment.
Analysis indicates there is significant relationship between perceived social support and readiness for
treatment among patients with conversion disorders. These results are consistent with previous studies. [15, 16, 23]
Individuals who perceive less social support, their level of psychological will be high and it will affect their
motivation towards treatment.
VI. Conclusion
The sample size was small so the results of the study cannot generalize to the whole population. This
study involves views of patients’ only so, in future researches physician and family rating can be included. Data
was restricted to only adult patients of conversion disorder while the study can be replicated with patients
having other psychiatric problems. The present study revealed that perceived social support is positively related
with the perception of treatment and readiness for treatment among patients having conversion disorders.
According to the result it is proved that if patients with conversion disorder perceive their social support
positively their will get the treatment and it will reduce the rigidity and it will facilitate to improve their
symptoms. It will facilitate to design the psychotherapy based on increasing sense of perception toward social
support and motivational strategies can be applied for them. This research will help the psychotherapist as well
as psychiatrist to understand the person’s motivations for treatment who is suffering with conversion disorder in
relation with perceived social support. Its findings will facilitate to enhance the patients willingness to
participate actively in the diagnostic evaluation. Further it will be beneficial for the family members to
understand the characteristics of conversion patients.
Acknowledgements
I am thankful to the authors for giving me permission to use the concerned scales for the purpose of data
collection. I would like to thank the psychiatry departments who gave me permission to collect data from their
hospitals. I am also grateful to the participants to be the part of this study.
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