Complete presentation On Regression Analysis.
Proved By Three methods, Least Square Method, Deviation method by assumed mean, Deviation method By Arithmetic mean.
Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. The biological species concept has been prevalent in the evolutionary literature for the last several decades and is emphasized in many college-level biology courses. It is probably the species concept most familiar to biologists in diverse fields, such as conservation biology, forestry, fisheries, and wildlife management. Species defined by the biological species concept have also been championed as units of conservation. The species concept for most phycologists is based on the morphological characters and hence the term ‘species’ means morphospecies. On the other hand, for evolutionary biologists, the term means biological species that can be defined as a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others) that occupy a specific niche in Nature.
Iczn(The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature )Al Nahian Avro
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals. The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. The biological species concept has been prevalent in the evolutionary literature for the last several decades and is emphasized in many college-level biology courses. It is probably the species concept most familiar to biologists in diverse fields, such as conservation biology, forestry, fisheries, and wildlife management. Species defined by the biological species concept have also been championed as units of conservation. The species concept for most phycologists is based on the morphological characters and hence the term ‘species’ means morphospecies. On the other hand, for evolutionary biologists, the term means biological species that can be defined as a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others) that occupy a specific niche in Nature.
Iczn(The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature )Al Nahian Avro
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals. The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
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PayPal ID is japhethmuthama@gmail.com
To get a copy of the slides for free Email me at: japhethmuthama@gmail.com
You can also support my PhD studies by donating a 1 dollar to my PayPal.
PayPal ID is japhethmuthama@gmail.com
Econometrics is a tough subject so is its homework and assignments in general. In case you are looking for econometrics homework help, you can rely on Economicshelpdesk. Our tutors are expert and we honour our client’s need as well as privacy.
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Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
10.2: Regression
Biostats coorelation vs rREGRESSION.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORRELATION AND REGRES...Payaamvohra1
CORRELATION
REGRESSION
BIOSTATISTICS
SEMESTER 8
M PHARMACY
CORRELATION VS REGRESSION
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
LINEAR AND MULTIPLE REGREISSIO
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
The term regression was 1st used by the british biomethician sir
Francis Galton. While studying the relation between average
height of their children ,Galton found that the off springs of
abnormally tall or short parents tend to regress or step back to the
average population height . in the course of time the meaning of
the word “ Regreassion “ become wider and now it stands to
measure the average relationship between different variables. If
there are only 2 variable under study then one is taken as
independent and another is taken as dependent variable and
regression analysis explain how on the average the values of the
dependent variable change with a change in the values of the
independent variable.
Econometrics is a tough subject so is its homework and assignments in general. In case you are looking for econometrics assignment help, you can rely on Economicshelpdesk. Our tutors are expert and we honour our client’s need as well as privacy.
Simple Regression presentation is a
partial fulfillment to the requirement in PA 297 Research for Public Administrators, presented by Atty. Gayam , Dr. Cabling and Mr. Cagampang
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
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for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
3. MEANING OF REGRESSION
The dictionary meaning of the word Regression is ‘Stepping
back’ or ‘Going back’. Regression is the measures of the average
relationship between two or more variables in terms of the
original units of the data. And it is also attempts to establish the
nature of the relationship between variables that is to study the
functional relationship between the variables and thereby provide
a mechanism for prediction, or forecasting.
4. Importance of Regression Analysis
Regression analysis helps in three important ways :-
• It provides estimate of values of dependent
variables from values of independent variables.
• It can be extended to 2or more variables, which is
known as multiple regression.
• It shows the nature of relationship between two or
more variable.
5. USE IN ORGANIZATION:
In the field of business regression is widely used.
Businessman are interested in predicting future
production, consumption, investment, prices, pro
fits, sales etc. So the success of a businessman
depends on the correctness of the various
estimates that he is required to make. It is also use
in sociological study and economic planning to
find the projections of population, birth rates.
death rates etc.
6. METHODS OF STUDYING REGRESSION:
REGRESSION
GRAPHICALLY
ALGEBRAICALLY
LEAST SQUARES
DEVIATION METHOD FROM
AIRTHMETIC MEAN
DEVIATION METHOD FORM
ASSUMED MEAN
FREEHAND CURVE
Or
LEAST SQUARES
7. Algebraically method
1.Least Square Method-:
The regression equation of X on Yis :
X= a+bY
Where,
X=Dependent variable
Y=Independent variable
The regression equation of Yon X is:
Y= a+bX
Where,
Y=Dependent variable
X=Independent variable
And the values of a and b in the above equations are found by the
method of least of Squares-reference . The values of a and b are
found with the help of normal equations given below:
(I ) (II )
X2
Y na b X
XY a X bY 2
XY a Y b
X na b Y
8. Example1-:From the following data obtain the two regression
equations using the method of Least Squares.
X 3 2 7 4 8
Y 6 1 8 5 9
Solution- :
X Y XY X2 Y2
3 6 18 9 36
2 1 2 4 1
7 8 56 49 64
4 5 20 16 25
8 9 72 64 81
X 24 Y 29 XY 168 X 2
142 Y 2
207
9. XY n a b
X 2
XY a X b
Substitution the values from the table we get
29=5a+24b…………………(i)
168=24a+142b (Devide this Equ By 2)
84=12a+71b………………..(ii)
Multiplying equation (i ) by 12 and (ii) by 5
348=60a+288b………………(iii)
420=60a+355b………………(iv)
By solving equation(iii)and (iv) we get
a=0.66 and b=1.07
10. By putting the value of a and b in the Regression equation Y on X we
get
Y=0.66+1.07X
Now to find the regression equation of X on Y,
The two normal equation are
X na b Y
Y 2
XY a Y b
Substituting the values in the equations we get
24=5a+29b………………………(i)
168=29a+207b…………………..(ii)
Multiplying equation (i)by 29 and in (ii) by 5 weget
a=0.49 and b=0.74
11. Substituting the values of a and b in the Regressionequation X andY
X=0.49+0.74Y
2. Deviation from theArithmetic mean method:
The calculation by the least squares method are quit cumbersome when the values
of Xand Y are large. So the work can be simplified by using this method.
The formula for the calculation of Regression Equations by this method:
(X X ) bxy (Y Y )Regression Equation of Xon Y->
Regression Equation of Y on X->
y 2
x y
x 2
x y
b y x
and
Where, bx y
and by x
b x y
(Y Y ) byx (X X)
=RegressionCoefficient
12. Example2-: from the previous data obtain the regression equations by
Taking deviations from the actual means of X and Y series.
X 3 2 7 4 8
Y 6 1 8 5 9
X Y
x X X y Y Y x2 y2 xy
3 6 -1.8 0.2 3.24 0.04 -0.36
2 1 -2.8 -4.8 7.84 23.04 13.44
7 8 2.2 2.2 4.84 4.84 4.84
4 5 -0.8 -0.8 0.64 0.64 0.64
8 9 3.2 3.2 10.24 10.24 10.24
X 24 Y 29 x 0 y 0 x
2
26.8 y2
38.8 xy 28.8
Solution- :
13. Regression Equation of X on Yis
38.8
28.8
y2
Y 5.8X 4.8
xy
bxy
26 .8
28 .8
x 2
X
X
4.8 0 .74 Y
0.74 Y 0.49
5.8
………….(I)
Regression Equation of Y on Xis
(Y Y ) byx ( X X )
byx
xy
1 .07 X
Y 5 .8 1.07 ( X 4.8)
Y
X 4.8
0 .66 ………….(II)
Y 5.8
(X X ) bxy (Y Y )
14. It would be observed that these regression equations are same
as those obtained by the direct method .
3.Deviation from Assumed mean method-:
When actual mean of X and Y variables are in fractions ,the
calculations can be simplified by taking the deviations from the
assumed mean.
2
yy
dd2
N
bxy
22
y
yx
d
x
N dx
N dxdy dx d
b
But , here the values of
following formula:
N dxdy dx
bx y
and b y x will be calculated by
d
y
The Regression Equation of X on Y-:
(X X ) bxy (Y Y )
The Regression Equation of Yon X-:
(Y Y ) byx (X X)
15. Example-: From the data given in previous example calculate regression
equations by assuming 7 as the mean of X series and 6 as the mean of Y
series.
Solution-:
X Y
Dev.
From
assu.
Mean 7
(dx)=X-7
d 2
x
Dev.
From
assu.
Mean 6
(dy)=Y-6
d 2
y
dxdy
3 6 - 4 16 0 0 0
2 1 - 5 25 - 5 25 +25
7 8 0 0 2 4 0
4 5 - 3 9 - 1 1 +3
8 9 1 1 3 9 +3
X 24 Y 29 dx 11 d2
x 51 d y 1 d 2
y
39 dxdy 31
16. The Regression Coefficient of X on Y-:
2
yy
yxx y
xy
dd 2
N
d dN d d
b
194
0 .74
11 )( 1)5 (31 ) (
5(39 )
155 11
195 1
144
( 1) 2
bx y
bx y
bx y
5.8
5
29
Y
N
Y
Y
bx y
The Regression equation of X on Y- (X
(X
X
X ) bxy (Y Y )
4.8) 0.74 (Y 5.8)
0.74Y 0.49
24
N 5
X
X X 4.8
17. The Regression coefficient of Y on X-:
2
xx
dd 2
N
d x d y
N dx d y
byx
134
1.07
11 )( 1)5(31 ) (
5(51 )
155 11
255 121
144
( 11) 2
by x
by x
by x
by x
The Regression Equation of Y on X-:
4.8)5.8)
1.07 X
(Y Y ) byx ( X X )
1.07 (X
0.66
(Y
Y
It would be observed the these regression equations are same as those obtained by the
least squares method and deviation from arithmetic mean .