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Department of Medical
Education
Saidu Medical College Swat
Reflection and
reflective writing
By
Dr Amjad Ali Khan
Future is tough
• Employers want graduates:
• who are self-aware,
• who capitalize on their strengths,
• who will have impact wherever they work,
• who are committed to personal
development and life-long learning, and
• who can confidently provide evidence for
these claims.
You can achieve all that if you
are:
• Willing to learn from experience and
change things
• Being open and honest
• Willing to share and discuss your
experiences
• Being motivated to replay / describe /
analyse experiences
• Able to make an action plan
• Able to make time for Reflection
Definition
Reflection is a metacognitive process that
occurs before, during and after situations
with the purpose of developing greater
understanding of both the self and the
situation so that future encounters with the
situation are informed from previous
encounters.
What is reflection?
Exploration / examination of ourselves and our
actions (often written but also spoken)
• Considered (having been thought about carefully)
• rational, unemotional*
• in relation to theory / wider context / other
perspectives
Why do it?
• to develop understanding / learning / skills
• and give us a path by which to move forward
*(even though it often deals with feelings, reactions and emotions)
The basics:
Experience
ReflectionAction
Contexts and purposes
• Episode / experience/ process
• Short/specific e.g. lesson we have taught,
procedure we have carried out
• Longer process e.g. project work, group work,
course, client-practitioner relationship
• Critical incident
• Positive or negative
• your own development, e.g. skills,
strengths, challenges (may also be required for education or
work)
When do you need to reflect?
• Everyday events
• Positive experiences
• Negative experiences
• Eventful incidents
• Unusual incidents
• Routine activities
• Important events
• Meaningful events
How to reflect
• What happened?
• What did I need to do?
• How did I perform?
• What did I think/feel?
• Why did I think or feel this way?
• How did my thoughts/ feelings affect
others?
• What are consequences?
• How can this help me in the future?
Description
• Where was I?
• Who else was there?
• Why was I there?
• What was I doing?
• What happened?
Feelings
• How was I feeling at the beginning?
• What was I thinking about?
• What did other people’s actions make me
think / feel?
• How did I feel about the outcome?
• What do I think about it now?
Evaluation
• What was good about the experience for
me, the patient, others?
• What was bad about the experience for me,
the patient, for others?
Analysis
• ‘Breaking it down’
• What did I do well / not so well?
• What did others do well?
• Did it go as expected?
• Why / why not?
• What theory / research helps me
understand the experience?
Conclusions
• Could I have done anything differently?
• What are the key things I have learned from
this incident - about me, my performance,
others and their performance?
Action Plan
• What would I do in a similar situation in the
future?
• What aspects of my knowledge / skills could I
develop?
• How will I do this?
• What goals can I set myself for the future?
• What outcomes / competencies do I need to
focus on now?
What you gain from reflective
writing
• Helps you learn from experience
• Helps you build on your expertise
• Developing your expertise is an important
aspect of evidence based practice
• Reflective writing can be used as evidence
to include in your portfolio to help you
achieve your placement outcomes
References
• Atkins, S. and Schutz, S. (2008) 'Developing the skills for
reflective practice', in Bulman, C. and Schutz, S. (eds.)
Reflective practice in nursing. 4th edn. Chichester:
Blackwell Publishing, pp. 25-54
• Elbow, P. (1973) Writing Without Teachers. New York:
Oxford University Press
• Gillett, A., Hammond, A. and Martala, M. (2009)
Successful academic writing. Harlow: Pearson Education
Limited.
• Jasper, M. (2003) Beginning reflective practice.
Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd
• Moon, J.(2006) Learning Journals: A Handbook for
Reflective Practice and Development. (2nd edn.)
London: Routledge
Handouts
• http://www2.port.ac.uk/media/contacts-and-
departments/student-support-
services/ask/downloads/Reflective-writing---a-
basic-introduction.pdf
• These would be emailed to you.
Task
• Write a reflection on this session.
• Submit your reflection to DME.
Thank You

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Reflection and reflective writing

  • 2.
  • 4. Future is tough • Employers want graduates: • who are self-aware, • who capitalize on their strengths, • who will have impact wherever they work, • who are committed to personal development and life-long learning, and • who can confidently provide evidence for these claims.
  • 5. You can achieve all that if you are: • Willing to learn from experience and change things • Being open and honest • Willing to share and discuss your experiences • Being motivated to replay / describe / analyse experiences • Able to make an action plan • Able to make time for Reflection
  • 6. Definition Reflection is a metacognitive process that occurs before, during and after situations with the purpose of developing greater understanding of both the self and the situation so that future encounters with the situation are informed from previous encounters.
  • 7. What is reflection? Exploration / examination of ourselves and our actions (often written but also spoken) • Considered (having been thought about carefully) • rational, unemotional* • in relation to theory / wider context / other perspectives Why do it? • to develop understanding / learning / skills • and give us a path by which to move forward *(even though it often deals with feelings, reactions and emotions)
  • 9. Contexts and purposes • Episode / experience/ process • Short/specific e.g. lesson we have taught, procedure we have carried out • Longer process e.g. project work, group work, course, client-practitioner relationship • Critical incident • Positive or negative • your own development, e.g. skills, strengths, challenges (may also be required for education or work)
  • 10. When do you need to reflect? • Everyday events • Positive experiences • Negative experiences • Eventful incidents • Unusual incidents • Routine activities • Important events • Meaningful events
  • 11. How to reflect • What happened? • What did I need to do? • How did I perform? • What did I think/feel? • Why did I think or feel this way? • How did my thoughts/ feelings affect others? • What are consequences? • How can this help me in the future?
  • 12.
  • 13. Description • Where was I? • Who else was there? • Why was I there? • What was I doing? • What happened?
  • 14. Feelings • How was I feeling at the beginning? • What was I thinking about? • What did other people’s actions make me think / feel? • How did I feel about the outcome? • What do I think about it now?
  • 15. Evaluation • What was good about the experience for me, the patient, others? • What was bad about the experience for me, the patient, for others?
  • 16. Analysis • ‘Breaking it down’ • What did I do well / not so well? • What did others do well? • Did it go as expected? • Why / why not? • What theory / research helps me understand the experience?
  • 17. Conclusions • Could I have done anything differently? • What are the key things I have learned from this incident - about me, my performance, others and their performance?
  • 18. Action Plan • What would I do in a similar situation in the future? • What aspects of my knowledge / skills could I develop? • How will I do this? • What goals can I set myself for the future? • What outcomes / competencies do I need to focus on now?
  • 19. What you gain from reflective writing • Helps you learn from experience • Helps you build on your expertise • Developing your expertise is an important aspect of evidence based practice • Reflective writing can be used as evidence to include in your portfolio to help you achieve your placement outcomes
  • 20. References • Atkins, S. and Schutz, S. (2008) 'Developing the skills for reflective practice', in Bulman, C. and Schutz, S. (eds.) Reflective practice in nursing. 4th edn. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 25-54 • Elbow, P. (1973) Writing Without Teachers. New York: Oxford University Press • Gillett, A., Hammond, A. and Martala, M. (2009) Successful academic writing. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. • Jasper, M. (2003) Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd • Moon, J.(2006) Learning Journals: A Handbook for Reflective Practice and Development. (2nd edn.) London: Routledge
  • 22. Task • Write a reflection on this session. • Submit your reflection to DME.

Editor's Notes

  1. Something that happened that is, in some way, significant For you personally, Or in a wider context and that you can learn from by considering it more deeply It does not have to be earth-shattering It can be either positive or negative
  2. Ability to give effective account > others understand what happened as you saw it: Pick relevant, significant detail: right amount Writing = clear, concise, well structured Objective rather than emotional: thoughts & feelings are recorded rather than colouring account