education

1. English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information
Lesson 1
Different Citation Styles

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In order to cite
your sources
properly, you
need to follow the
rules of the
different citation
styles. What are
these different
citation styles and
how do we know
when to use each
one?
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3. Learning
Objectives
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:
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● Identify the different citation styles
used in academic writing.
● Determine when to use which
citation style.

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1. How do we choose a citation
style?
2. What is the purpose of the
citation styles?
Essential
Questions
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What Are Citation Styles?
● A citation is a way to give credit to the authors whose
creative and intellectual work you used to support or
supplement your own research.
● It is also used to more easily locate particular sources as
well as help avoid plagiarism.
● A citation includes the author’s name, date of publication,
the publication company, journal title, and a DOI (Digital
Object Identifier).
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● A citation style dictates what information is
necessary to to include in a citation, how that
information should be organized, what
punctuations are used, and other formatting
concerns.
What Are Citation Styles?
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● This lesson will tackle the three major citation
styles used in academic writing.
● How do we choose which citation style to use?
● The citation style used will depend on the
academic discipline involved.
What Are Citation Styles?
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● APA (American Psychological Association) is
used in education, psychology, and the social
sciences.
● MLA (Modern Language Association) is
normally used in the humanities.
● Chicago/Turabian style is often used in
business, history, and fine arts.
What Are Citation Styles?
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APA Citation Style
● The APA citation style consists of guidelines to
ensure the clear and consistent presentation of
written material.
● It concerns itself with a number of elements,
such as a selection of headings, tone, length,
citation of references, and many more.
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Example 1
For in-text citation, the APA citation style states the last name
of the author, the year of publication, and the page number the
quote is found in, all enclosed in parentheses.
“There is no one pedagogy that will be effective for all kinds of
students,” (Tan, 2013, p. 10).
APA Citation Style
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Example 2
A simple APA bibliographic entry includes the author, year of
publication, title of the work, and the publisher.
Millbower, L. (2003). Show biz training: Fun and effective
business training techniques from the worlds of stage,
screen, and song. Retrieved from
http://www.amacombooks.org/
APA Citation Style
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MLA Citation Style
● The MLA citation style is most often used in the
humanities.
● In MLA, the concept of containers is crucial. If the source
text being used is part of a larger collection or whole, that
larger collection can be thought of as the container of the
source.
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● The MLA style has a list of core elements that
should always be included in the list of works
cited. The elements, in order, are:
author, title of source, title of container, other
contributors, version, number, publisher,
publication date, location.
MLA Citation Style
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Example 1
In the MLA citation style, the in-text citation must have the
name of the author and the page number where the quote or
paraphrased information can be found.
There is an argument that in El Filibusterismo, Jose Rizal
meant to show that sometimes, a violent revolution is
unavoidable (Santos 87).
MLA Citation Style
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Example 2
The bibliography entry should provide as many of the core
elements required by MLA as possible, if they are applicable.
Remember also that the second and succeeding lines should
be indented, similar to the APA style.
Ishiguro, Kazuo. The Buried Giant. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
2015. Print.
MLA Citation Style
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Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
● The Chicago style has two basic
documentation systems: (1) notes and
bibliography and (2) author-date.
● Your choice is usually dependent on the
subject matter and the nature of sources cited.
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Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
● For Chicago and Turabian, their difference lies
only in the order the information is presented
in the bibliography.
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● The notes and bibliography style is preferred
in the humanities, especially by those in
literature, history, and the arts.
● This style presents bibliographic information in
notes and, often, a bibliography.
Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
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● The author-date style is typically used by
those in the sciences.
● Sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in
parentheses, by the author’s last name and
date of publication.
Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
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● The short citations are then connected to an
entry in a list of references, where the full
bibliographic information for each work is given.
Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
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Example 1
The Chicago/Turabian author-date style requires the year of
publication in the in-text citation alongside the author’s last
name and the page number where the information can be
found.
There is a need to review what we thought we knew about our
oceans (Atienza 2018, 45).
Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
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Example 2
A simple Chicago/Turabian citation style bibliographic entry
also includes the author, year of publication, title of the work,
and the publisher.
Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the Difference. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
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Read the sample topics in the next slide and
identify which citation style is most appropriate for
each one.
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1. A formalist analysis of Neil Gaiman’s
Graveyard Book
2. A scientific experiment comparing artificial and
natural fertilizers
3. A paper analyzing the different teaching
methods and choosing which one is most
appropriate for kindergarten
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4. A paper discussing the influences of the
Roman Empire that can still be felt today
5. A paper about the effects of how children are
talked to at home on their self-esteem
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Questions
1. In the MLA citation style, what do they call
anthologies, compilations, book series, and the
like?
2. In the Chicago citation style, what are the two
documentation systems?
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Read the paragraph in the next slide and choose
a citation style you would use for the paper
containing it. Defend your answer.
Question
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Croce’s analysis of Dante’s Divine Comedy focuses on the
form he used, which brings out the texts’ character. The
character is sustained by the terza rima form of the text, for it
gives the words a feeling of being in motion. They are not
simply static, or words that present the story. They are,
instead, seemingly in motion, touching on both past truths and
a capacity for the future. That there is this illusion of movement
within Dante’s words with the use form further affirm and
portray the emotion in his words and in his Divine Comedy.
Question
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29. Wrap Up
A citation style tells us what
information should be included in a
citation and how that information
should be organized.
APA is used in education, psychology,
and the social sciences.
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30. Wrap Up
MLA is normally used in the
humanities.
Chicago/Turabian author-date style is
preferred by the humanities, including
those in literature, history, and the arts.
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31. Wrap Up
Chicago/Turabian notes and
bibliography style is usually used by the
physical, natural, and social sciences.
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32. Bibliography
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“APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition).” Purdue University. Accessed March 12,
2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_s
tyle_guide/general_format.html.
“Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition.” Purdue University. Accessed March 12, 2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/c
mos_formatting_and_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html.
“Citation Styles.” University of California, Davis. Accessed March 12, 2020.
https://www.library.ucdavis.edu/guide/citation-styles/.
“Citation Styles: APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian.” University of Pittsburgh. Accessed
March 12, 2020. https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp.
“MLA Formatting and Style Guide.” Purdue University. Accessed March 12, 2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_st
yle_guide/mla_general_format.html.