The Red Cross and Red Crescent are international humanitarian organizations that were founded to provide aid to victims of war. The movement began in 1863 when Henry Dunant witnessed the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino and advocated for the establishment of neutral relief agencies. This led to the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the adoption of the Geneva Conventions. The Red Cross movement now includes the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and national societies that work to protect lives and health during war through neutral and impartial aid. The International Committee of the Red Cross also works to promote and ensure compliance with international humanitarian law.

1. RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT
ACTIVITIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY
PRESENTED BY
IBRAHIM ZUBAIRU ABUBAKAR

2. OUTLINES
 HISTORY OF RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT
 BATTLE OF SOLFERINO 24, JUNE 1859
 MEMORY OF SOLFERINO 1862
 COMMITTEE OF FIVE (5) 1862
 GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1864
 HISTORY OF EMBLEMS
 RED CROSS MOVEMENT
 ICRC
 IFRC
 NSRC, AND THEIR MISSIONS
 IHL& ICRC IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY.

3. RED CROSS & RED CRESCENT
International organization whose mission is to protect
 The lives and dignity of victims of war
 To provide them with assistance.
The name Red Cross generally refers to the humanitarian
movement which composed of
 International Committee of the Red Cross and Red
Crescent
 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies E.G
 American Red Cross
 British Red Cross

4. BATTLE OF SOLFERINO

5. HENRY DUNANT

6. MEMORY OF SOLFERINO
 HENRY DUNANT was shocked by the terrible outcomes of the battle considering the
number of
 Wounded soldiers
Sufferings
 And the number of those that passing away ,
 Due to lack of medical attention and basic care
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Back to his country Geneva, he decided to write a book A MEMORY OF SOLFERINO
published 1862. The book describes his
 Experiences in the battle
 Its costs
 Chaotic circumstances
Explicitly advocated the formation
 National voluntary relief organizations
 International treaties to guarantee the neutrality protection
He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout
Europe.

7. MEMORY OF SOLFERINO
 The Memory of Solferino
inspired the creation of
 International Committee of
the Red Cross (ICRC) in
1863.
 Four 4 Geneva Conventions
& three 3 others additional
protocols
 Adoption of emblem
(Signs of protection)

8. THE FIVE (5) FOUNDERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMITTEE OF RED CROSS
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9. GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1949
The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establishes the standards of
international law for the humane treatment of war.
1ST 1949 Geneva
Convention
dealing with
wounded and
sick in armed
forces in the field.
2ND 1906
Geneva
Convention
dealing with
wounded sick and
shipwrecked
members of
armed forces at
sea.
Additional protocol (l) 1977 protection
of victims of international armed
conflict
Additional protocol (ll) 1977 non
international armed conflict
Additional protocol (lll) 2005 adoption
of red crystal
3RD 1929 Geneva
Convention
dealing with
treatment of
prisoners of war.
4TH Geneva
Convention
dealing with the
protection of
civilian persons in
time of war.

10. ICRC HQ

11. HISTORY OF RED CROSS EMBLEMS
 Prior to the 19th century, the symbols used to
 Identify armed forces
 Medical services vary according to their countries
 The symbols were not generally well known
 Not entitled to any form of legal protection and respect
 It was in 1863, when a five-member committee, proposed the
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need to
adopt a symbol to be
Simple
Identifiable from a distance
Known to everyone
Identical for friend and foe.
The emblem had to be the same for everyone and universally
recognizable
 This brought the adoption of the red cross on a white background as the
uniform distinctive emblem.

12. HISTORY OF EMBLEMS
The flag of Switzerland, from which the
original Red Cross is said to have been
derived
The Red Cross emblem was officially
approved in Geneva in 1863
The Red Crescent emblem was first used
by ICRC volunteers during the armed
conflict between the Ottoman Empire
and Russia (1877–1878). The symbol was
officially adopted in 1929

13. CONT.
The Third Protocol Emblem is the Red
Crystal was adopted by an amendment of
the Geneva Conventions known as Protocol
III 2005.
The Red Lion and Sun Society of Iran
was established in 1922 and admitted to
the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement
in 1923.
Red Star of David, the national first-aid
society of Israel, but it is not recognized by
the Geneva Conventions as a protected
symbol

14. CONT.

15. RED CROSS MOVEMENT
 The
movement consists of several distinct
organizations that are legally independent from
each other, but are united within the movement
through common basic
 Principles
 Objectives
 Symbols as follows:---

16. ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE MOVEMENT
 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1863
 International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC) - 1919
 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

17. ICRC MISSIONS
Protect human life and health
Ensure respect for all human beings
Prevent and alleviate human suffering
Protected dignity of victims of international and internal
armed conflicts.

18. ICRC

19. ICRC & INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
 The ICRC works on a neutral and impartial basis to protect and assist people
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affected by conflict
Monitor compliance of warring parties with the Geneva Conventions
Organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield
Visiting prisoners of war
Visiting security detainees Searching for missing persons (tracing service)
Transmitting messages between separated family members
Reuniting dispersed families
Providing safe water, food and medical assistance to those in need
Disseminating International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
Promote the respect of (IHL)
Monitors compliance by governments and all weapon bearers.

20. ICRC ACTIVITIES DURING WAR

21. ICRC ACTIVITIES DURING WAR

22. IFCR
Coordinates the activities between national Red Cross and
Red Crescent societies throughout the world
 Supports the foundation of new national societies in
countries where no official society exists.

On the international stage
 The IFRC organizes and leads relief assistance missions after
emergencies such as
 Natural disasters
 Man-made disasters
 Epidemics
 Mass refugee flights, and other emergencies.
 And support local health care projects

23. IFRC IN ACTIONS

24. IFRC IN ACTIONS

25. Henry Davison, Founding father of the League of
Red Cross societies.

26. NSRC
 Humanitarian aid in armed conflicts
 Humanitarian aid in emergency crises such as
natural disasters.
 Blood donation services
 Acting as a civilian Emergency Medical Service
(EMS) providers.

27. NSRC IN ACTIONS

28. IHL & ICRC
 International humanitarian law is part of international law, which is the body of rules
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governing relations between States; it includes several treaties or conventions that
outlaw specific weapons
These conventions were created largely because these weapons cause deaths and
injuries
Unexploded land mines have caused up to 7,000 deaths every year
Unexploded bombs, particularly from cluster bombs that scatter many small bomb lets
have killed many
An estimated 98% of the victims were civilian; farmers and children who find these
explosives
IHL mediates to limit the effects of armed conflict
 It protects persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities
 Restricts the means and methods of warfare
 International humanitarian law applies to armed conflicts.

29. ICRC & IHL
 Persons outside of combat and those not taking part in hostilities, shall be protected and
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treated humanely
It is forbidden to kill or injure an enemy who surrenders
The wounded and the sick shall be cared for and protected by the party to the conflict which
has them in its power.
The emblem of the "Red Cross," or of the "Red Crescent," shall be required to be respected
as the sign of protection.
Captured combatants and civilians must be protected against acts of violence and reprisals.
They shall have the right to correspond with their families and to receive relief
No-one shall be subjected to torture, corporal punishment, or cruel or degrading treatment
Parties to a conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and
combatants.
Attacks shall be directed solely against military objectives
Well-known examples of such rules include the prohibition on attacking doctors or
ambulances displaying a red cross
It is also prohibited to fire at a person or vehicle bearing a white flag
 Serious violations of international humanitarian laws have called
war crimes

30. ICRC & IHL

31. ICRC & IHL

32. ICRC & IHL

33. ICRC & IHL

34. ICRC & IHL

35. ICRC & IHL

36. CONCLUSION
 ICRC as the promoter and guardian of international
humanitarian laws must encourage the respect of laws
 It does so by spreading the knowledge of humanitarian
rules
 Reminding parties in the conflicts of their obligations
 And ensure that humanitarian rules are respected.