American isolationism that dominated the 1930s gave way to increasing involvement in World War II as Germany and Japan became more aggressive. Early FDR policies emphasized domestic recovery over foreign affairs but grew bolder in aiding Britain. The US enacted neutrality laws to stay out of the growing conflicts but still gradually increased support for Britain through cash-and-carry and eventually lend-lease aid. Japan's occupation of Indochina and tensions over trade led the US to impose sanctions, and Japan responded with a devastating surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, bringing the US fully into the war.

1. American Foreign Policy in the ’20s and ’30s

9. The Rise of Totalitarianism: government control over all aspects of life

12. The Political Spectrum

13. Il Duce – Benito Mussolini (Italy) 1922 Der Fuhrer -Adolf Hitler (Germany) 1933 Josef Stalin (USSR) 1920 Emperor Hirohito and PM Hideki Tojo (Japan) 1921

15. The Impact of Versailles on Germany Desire to resist/overthrow Treaty Limitation of German sovereignty Hyperinflation Massive war reparations No support from military Democratic govt. in Germany ( Weimar Republic ) Soldiers willing to fight again German army never surrendered Impact Consequence of WWI/Treaty

16. Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

20. The Ducktators

23. America on the Sidelines: The US and World Affairs 1935-41 (interactive timeline)

24. Make this chart in your notebook: US Reaction Event in Europe Kearny Incident Greer Incident German invasion of SU Brits suffer losses at sea British gold reserves run low Fall of France (June 39) German invasion of low countries Invasion of Poland (Sept. 39) German threatens Poland (39) Civil War in Spain (35) Italy invades Ethiopia (35)

26. US Reaction Event in Europe Neutrality Act 41 – merchant vessels armed Kearny Incident Shoot on Sight order (FDR) Greer Incident Lend Lease aid to SU, Atlantic Charter German invasion of SU US convoy system Brits suffer losses at sea Lend Lease Act British gold reserves run low Destroyer Deal Fall of France (June 39) Exp. Armed forces; 1 st peacetime draft German invasion of low countries Neutrality Act (39) – cash and carry Invasion of Poland (Sept. 39) Expansion of armed forces German threatens Poland (39) Neutrality Act (37) – includes “civil strife” Civil War in Spain (35) Neutrality Act (35) – arms embargo on all belligerents; no loans, Amer. Can’t travel on vessels of nations @ war Italy invades Ethiopia (35)

32. “ My friends, there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time” – Neville Chamberlain “ Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war .” – Winston Churchill

34. Maginot Line DA Ardennes: blockhouse with the graves of four French soldiers in the foreground

37. Battle of Britain: A Spotter on London Rooftop

38. St. Paul's Cathedral in London Air Raid

39. Children in East London After a Night Air Attack

40. Berkshire Almshouse Residents After a Night Air Attack

44. Why was aid to the Soviets so controversial?? “ If Hitler invaded Hell, the British would be prepared to work with the devil himself” ~ Winston Churchill

45. “ America First” Committee Charles Lindbergh

46. “ Lend-Lease” Act (1941) Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union...........................$11 billion France......................................$ 3 billion China.......................................$1.5 billion Other European.................$500 million South America...................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

47. FDR’s “Four Freedoms” Speech We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-- everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want . . . everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear . . . anywhere in the world. --President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Message to Congress, January 6, 1941

50. FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)

51. US Neutrality

64. THE FIRST MESSAGE OF THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR: The original message sent by the "Commander Aircraft, Scouting Force", Lt. Cmdr. Logan Ramsey, from Pearl Harbor to "All U.S. Navy Ships present Hawaiian area" , giving the first news: " AIRRAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NO DRILL."

66. News photo of the wreckage-strewn American naval air station at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese raid.

67. Dorie Miller Pin honoring Pearl Harbor hero Dorie Miller. A black messman who was untrained in machine gun use due to rigid Naval segregation policies, Miller took over a machine gun aboard the USS West Virginia and was officially credited with downing two Japanese planes. Miller was honored as one of the first heroes of World War II, and six months after the attack was given the Navy Cross by Admiral Chester Nimitz.

70. Pearl Harbor

71. Women of the Reich