Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are the status of building materials after the end life of buildings. CDW could be concrete, steel, wood products, asphalt shingles, and bricks from building.

1. CONSTRUCTION AND
DEMOLITION WASTE
C.E 8.3.2
Unit III
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 1

3. INTRODUCTION
i. Generated whenever any construction/demolition activity takes place, such as, building
roads, bridges, fly over, subway, remodeling etc.
ii. Consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable material such as concrete, plaster, metal,
wood, plastics etc.
iii. Wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and occupy considerable storage space
either on the road or communal waste bin/container.
iv. It is not uncommon to see huge piles of such waste, which is heavy as well, stacked on roads
especially in large projects, resulting in traffic congestion and disruption.
v. Find its way into the nearby municipal bin/vat/waste storage depots, making the municipal
waste heavy and degrading its quality for further treatment like composting or energy
recovery.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 3

4. QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED
i. Construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually.
ii. Projections for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a shortage of
aggregates to the extent of about 55,000 million cu.m.
iii. While retrievable items such as bricks, wood, metal, titles are recycled, the concrete and
masonry waste, accounting for more than 50% of the waste from construction and
demolition activities, are not being currently recycled in India.
iv. Recycling of aggregate material from construction and demolition waste may reduce the
demand-supply gap in both these sectors.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 4

5. QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED
i. Concrete and masonry waste can be recycled by sorting, crushing and sieving into recycled
aggregate.
ii. This recycled aggregate can be used to make concrete for road construction and building
material.
iii. Work on recycling of aggregates has been done at Central Building Research Institute
(CBRI), Roorkee, and Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 5

6. QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 6

7. CHARACTERISTICS
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 7

8. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CONSTRUCTION WASTE
Concrete, bricks, tiles, cement, and ceramics.
Wood, glass, and plastic.
Insulation and asbestos materials.
Bituminous mixtures, coal tar, and tar.
Metallic waste (such as pipes).
Soil, stones, and dredging.
Paints and varnishes.
Adhesives and sealants.

9. INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE RECYCLING
OF C & D WASTE IN INDIA
Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) :
i. Circular dated June 28, 2012
ii. Directed States to set-up such facilities in all cities with a population
of over 10 lakhs.
iii. Establish environment friendly C & D recycling facilities
iv. The MoUD report ‘Technical Aspects of Processing and Treatment
of Municipal Solid Waste’, Swach Bharat Mission (MoUD, 2016)
also recognizes the need for C & D waste management (Page 227).
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 9

10. INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE RECYCLING
OF C & D WASTE IN INDIA
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
(MoEF&CC):
i. National Environment Policy of 2006
ii. Concept of 3Rs
iii. ‘Evolve Road Map on Management of Wastes in
India (2010)’ highlights C & D problems, it
recognized the utility of the waste and also
acknowledged lack of data on the waste
generation.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 10

11. INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE RECYCLING
OF C & D WASTE IN INDIA
IS 383 : 2016 Indian Standard COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE –
SPECIFICATION (Third Revision)
i. covers the requirements for aggregates, crushed or uncrushed, derived from natural sources,
such as river terraces and riverbeds, glacial deposits, rocks, boulders and gravels, and
manufactured aggregates produced from other than natural sources, for use in the production
of concrete for normal structural purposes including mass concrete works.
i. Recycled Aggregate (RA) ‒‒ It is made from C & D waste which may comprise concrete,
brick, tiles, stone, etc.
ii. Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) ‒ It is derived from concrete after requisite
processing. BIS IS: 383 is the principal driver, the standard for coarse and fine aggregates
for use in concrete
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 11

12. INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE RECYCLING
OF C & D WASTE IN INDIA
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS )
i. Under the Construction and Demolition (C & D)
Waste Management Rules, 2016 Rule (11) under
Duties of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and
Indian Roads Congress (IRC),
ii. Responsible for preparation of code of Guidelines
on Environmental Management of C & D Wastes
iii. Practices and standards for use of recycled materials
and products of construction and demolition waste
in respect of construction activities.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 12

13. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
(BIS )
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14. THE WASTE MANAGEMENT
HIERARCHY IS AS FOLLOWS
Reduce.
Reuse.
Recycle.
Dispose.

15. WAYS TO REDUCE
CONSTRUCTION WASTE
i. Decrease construction mistakes
ii. Order the right amount of materials
iii. Get the right-size materials for the job
iv. Store your materials properly
v. Recycle and reuse
vi. Try out new building methods
vii. Choose building products with minimal
packaging
viii. Work with your suppliers

16. STORAGE OF CONSTRUCTION AND
DEMOLITION WASTE
Measures:
i. All construction/demolition waste should be stored within the site itself.
ii. A proper screen should be provided so that the waste does not get scattered and does not
become an eyesore.
iii. Attempts should be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as possible
so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.
iv. Material, which can be reused at the same site for the purpose of construction, levelling,
making road/pavement etc. should also be kept in separate heaps from those, which are to be
sold or landfilled
v. The local body or a private company may arrange to provide appropriate number of skip
containers/trolleys on hire
vi. For large projects involving construction of bridges, flyovers, subways etc., special
provision should be made for storage of waste material.
vii. Depending on the storage capacity, movement of the waste has to be planned accordingly.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 16

17. RECYCLING AND REUSE
i. Depends on their separation and condition of the separated material.
ii. Majority – Durable & high potential of reuse.
iii. Reuse (at site) of bricks, stone slabs, timber, conduits, piping railings etc. to the extent possible
and depending upon their condition.
iv. Sale / auction of material which can not be used at the site due to design constraint or change in
design.
v. Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc. can be used by recycling industries.
vi. Rubble, brick bats, broken plaster/concrete pieces etc. can be used for building activity, such as,
leveling, under coat of lanes where the traffic does not constitute of heavy moving loads.
vii. Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filling up low-lying areas.
viii. Fine material, such as, sand, dust etc. can be used as cover material over sanitary landfill.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 17

18. DISPOSAL
i. Being predominantly inert in nature, construction and demolition waste does not create
chemical or biochemical pollution.
ii. Maximum effort should be made to reuse and recycle
iii. Material can be used for filling/leveling of low-lying areas.
iv. Special landfills are sometimes created for inert waste, which are normally located in
abandoned mines and quarries.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 18