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Biocontainment LaboratoryBiosafety & Biocontainment Training
Principles of Biosafety,Biocontainment& Program Management
Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the course, the participant will be able to:  Discuss the components of the BMBL 5th edition Discuss characteristics of BSL- 1, BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 laboratories Discuss and demonstrate standard laboratory practices as applied in BSL- 1, BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 laboratories
What Do You Think? Is the laboratory a hazardous work environment? 2.	Do you work with hazardous materials, i.e. biological, chemical? Then, why do people choose to work without gloves, safety glasses, buttoned lab coats etc. in the laboratory?
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Historical Perspective
Historical Perspective First Recorded Laboratory-associated Infections Disease/agent		Transmission	          Year Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi)		    unknown	              1885 Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)		    syringe	                 1893 Cholera (Vibriocholerae)		    pipette	                  1894 Brucellosis (Brucellamelitensis)		    syringe	                 1897 Diphtheria (Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae)	    pipette	                  1898 Glanders (Burkholderiamallei)		    syringe	                 1898
Historical Perspective Fort Detrick, MD ,[object Object]
1943 - Developed Class III BSC prototype
1950 - Installed first Class I BSC
1954 - First Biological Safety Conference
Dr Arnold Wedum - director of safety from 1944 to 1969,[object Object]
Agent	Laboratory-associated Infections Brucella sp.	 507 Coxiella burnetii	456 Mycobacterium tuberculosis	417 Hepatitis viruses	380 Salmonella sp.	324 Francisella tularensis	225 Hantavirus	169 Venezuelan equine                                                 encephalomyelitis virus	 150 (Influenza A2 virus)	(15) Laboratory Infections: Most Frequent (1930-1999)
Laboratory Accidents 	 Splashes, spills - 27% 	 Needlesticks - 25% 	 Cuts - 16% 	 Animal bites, scratches - 14% 	 Mouth pipetting - 13% 	 Unknown/other - 5% Pike, 1976
Laboratory Hazards & Risk Hazards ,[object Object]
Biologicals
Chemicals
Radiation
 Procedures
 Equipment
 Facility
PeopleRisk ,[object Object]
 Ingestion
 Inhalation
 InjectionHazard & risk must be communicated to ALL staff!
Risk Assessment Contamination? Containment? The “risk assessment” is the backbone  of safe practice!
Laboratory Safety Programs Biosafety Program ,[object Object]
Knowledgeable personnel
Aware of potential hazards
Proficient in practices & techniques
Lab specific safety manual
Policies
Exposure control plans/programs
Emergency response
Safety committee(s),[object Object]
Federal
State
Local
Institutional
Site specific
Work specific
RelevantGet training for what you ACTUALLY  do not what others THINK you do!
Regulations ,[object Object]
BloodbornePathogens Standard
Possession, Use and Transfer of Select             Agents and Toxins
US Government Principles for Utilization                and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in           Testing, Research, and Training
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Acts               and Regulations
Hazardous Waste Management Standard
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous         Laboratory Chemicals Standard
Radiation Protection Standard,[object Object]
CDC/NIH Guidelines Biohazard An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce deleterious effects on humans, i.e. microorganisms, toxins and allergens derived from those organisms; and allergens and toxins derived from higher plants and animals.
CDC/NIH Guidelines Biohazard Classification: Biosafety Levels BSL1		Agents not known to cause disease BSL2		Agents associated with human 				disease BSL3		Indigenous/exotic agents associated 			with human disease and with potential 			for aerosol transmission BSL4		Dangerous/exotic agents of life 			threatening nature
CDC/NIH Guidelines Biosafety The application of combinations of laboratory practice and procedure, laboratory facilities, and safety equipment when working with potentially infectious microorganisms.
CDC/NIH Guidelines Laboratory Classification: Biosafety Levels Combinations of laboratory practice and procedure, laboratory facilities, and safety equipment to provide containment  Low Containment Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 2  Biosafety Level 3 Biosafety Level 4  High Containment
CDC/NIH Guidelines Containment ,[object Object],[object Object]
Accomplished by:
Good microbiological technique
Appropriate safety equipment,[object Object]
Accomplished by:
Facility design
Operational practices,[object Object]
Special Safety equipment ,[object Object]
Special Facilities ,[object Object]
Function,[object Object]
Standard microbiological practices
No special primary or secondary barriers recommended (other than a sink for hand washing)
No special practices,[object Object]
 Sinks
 Impervious bench tops
 Easily cleaned surfaces
 Adequate illumination,[object Object]
Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) ,[object Object],   and agents (i.e. Hepatitis B virus, HIV,    Salmonella, etc.)  ,[object Object]
Standard microbiological practices
Secondary barriers (i.e. hand washing sinks, segregated waste, BSCs available
Special practices (i.e. immunization program, access controls),[object Object]
 Sinks with hands-free operation
 Impervious bench tops resistant to   moderate heat & organic solvents ,[object Object]
 Eyewash available
 BSCs installed properly; away from doors,[object Object]
Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) ,[object Object],   potential for respiratory transmission; may    cause serious or lethal infection (i.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, St. Louis    encephalitis virus, and Coxiella burnetii)  ,[object Object]
Standard microbiological practices
Secondary barriers (i.e. BSCs required, directional air flow, anti-room entry)
Special practices (i.e. restricted access, solid front lab coat, autoclave required),[object Object]

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