Reasons the Cold War ended - role of Mikhail Gorbachev
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Mikhail Gorbachev introduced major reforms as the leader of the Soviet Union in the 1980s that ultimately led to the end of the Cold War. His policies of perestroika and glasnost relaxed central government control of the economy and increased openness and transparency, moving the USSR away from strict Communist rule. Gorbachev's reforms transformed the Soviet system and its adversarial relationship with the West, bringing the decades-long Cold War confrontation to a peaceful conclusion.
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Ronald Reagan's actions as US President from 1981-1989 helped end the Cold War in the following ways:
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The Soviet Union collapsed between 1985-1991 due to various political and economic factors. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985 and introduced reforms of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (economic restructuring) that weakened the Soviet system. By 1991, independence movements grew and republics began declaring independence. Gorbachev resigned in December 1991, dissolving the Soviet Union.
End of the cold war
- After Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev publicly denounced Stalin and began destalinization, opening up the Soviet Union. In the 1970s, Nixon and Brezhnev initiated détente and SALT talks to limit nuclear weapons. Reagan took a stronger stance against communism in the 1980s.
- Mikhail Gorbachev implemented glasnost (openness) and perestroika (economic restructuring) in the 1980s to reform the Soviet Union. This led to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German reunification in 1990.
- Attempts to depose Gorbachev in a 1991 coup failed when Yeltsin and the people refused to back down. This
300 words or moreDiscussionSubject Here you will have the.docx
300 words or more
Discussion
Subject
: Here you will have the chance to share your impressions of the August Coup and the destruction of the Soviet Union.
Step-by-Step Directions
1.Watch this video:
Collapse of the Soviet Union
2. Read the lecture notes in this module
3. In your first post, report on your impressions on what you learned and include your source website strings and pictures. Try to post your report by Friday evening. To post pictures, open up the edit ribbon to show 3 rows. Find the picture icon and click this. Follow the directions to post your picture.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCFREwQ846o
LECTURE NOTES
Here you will find all of the lecture notes:
PERESTROIKA, GLASNOST, AND GORBACHEV
What I want you to know: Mikhail Gorbachev is remembered in Soviet history as the man that nailed the first nail in the coffin of Soviet Socialism. His ideas for reform for the Soviet Union’s economy and society were radical in the mid ‘80’s. He felt that he could somehow improve the Soviet Union and revive it’s ailing economy. He had no idea that what he started would end the Soviet Union instead of save it.
I. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev
A. Born March 2, 1931 in Privolnye in Southern Russia
B. Became a Party Boss in the Stavropol krai and by 1985 had become General Secretary of the CPSU
C. 1986, influenced by Yuri Andropov’s attempts at reform, Gorbachev began his period of political openness (Glasnost’) and economic “Perestroika” (restructuring) intended to modernize the USSR and “democratization” of the Soviet Government
D. 1990: Awarded the Nobel Peace prize for his reform efforts.
E. 1991: Removed from office in the August Coup and replaced by Boris Yeltsin.
F. Today, Gorbachev gives many speeches worldwide and is very busy with humanitarian groups. He founded the
Green Cross
an international organization that is concerned about preserving the Earth’s environment. He still lives in Moscow.
G. Richard Nixon suggested that Gorbachev become Time’s “Man of the Century” said this of him:
“He has decided that he would risk his power in order to save his reforms, rather than risk his reforms to save his power.”
http://www.mikhailgorbachev.org
II. GLASNOST’
A. 1986 Gorbachev un-cuffed the press and no longer censored & punished journalists for openly criticizing the government, economy, political officials.
B. Dissidents were released from prison. Andrei Sakharov, a prominent Physicist who was arrested on the streets of Moscow and deported to Gorky for protesting the Soviet’s involvement in Afghanistan, was realeased in 1986.
C. Banned literature, art, music was legalized again. Solzhenitsen’s “A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, Akhamatova, Pasternak. Now the Soviets could again enjoy the fruits of their famous artists.
D. Peaceful protests were allowed in the streets. (Tatars in Red Square).
E. Religion became tolerated again and believers were no longer pe.
Reasons the Cold War ended - failure of communism in Eastern Europe
During the 1980s, growing anti-Soviet protests in Poland and Eastern Europe weakened Soviet control over the Eastern Bloc. In Poland, the Solidarity trade union movement led by Lech Walesa gained over 10 million members and inspired protests against food shortages, high prices, and lack of religious freedom. Mikhail Gorbachev's leadership allowed the changes in Poland to occur without Soviet intervention, emboldening other Eastern European nations to demand freedom. The opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and free elections in Eastern Europe ended Communist rule as the Cold War drew to a close.
30.5 the end of the cold war
The Cold War between the US and Soviet Union ended in the early 1990s. The Soviet Union's economy was inefficient and unable to compete with Western economies, contributing to its decline. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of glasnost and perestroika further weakened Soviet control. Eastern European nations took advantage of this to gain independence. The Soviet Union ultimately collapsed, and the US emerged as the sole superpower with the end of the Cold War.
Mikahil Gorhachev
INTRODUCTION
CHILDHOOD
POLITICAL CAREER
CPSU AND DOMESTIC REFORMS (1985-1989)
‘NEW THINKING’
COLLAPSE OF SOVIET UNION
THE AUGUST COUP AND FINAL COLLAPSE
ACTIVITIES AFTER RESIGNATION
TIMELINE
Created by Manjula Gunathilake - Sri Lanka 011-2729972
Decline Of Communism In Eastern Europe And The
The document summarizes the decline of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It describes Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union in the 1980s. It also discusses the rise of the Solidarity movement in Poland led by Lech Wałęsa and the non-violent revolutions that swept across Eastern Europe in 1989, ultimately leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Changing Cold War Relations - revolution in europe
Revolutions swept across Eastern Europe in 1989, ending communist rule. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union reduced control over Eastern Europe and emboldened opposition groups. In Poland, the Solidarity movement's success in elections marked the end of communist rule. Inspired by Poland, Hungary and East Germany saw major reforms and protests against their communist governments. By the end of 1989, communist governments had fallen across Eastern Europe, and pro-Soviet governments no longer existed. The Soviet Union itself dissolved in 1991 amid economic problems and demands for change, bringing an official end to the Cold War.
The Fall of the Soviet Union 1st Period Guyer
Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced reforms like perestroika and glasnost to restructure the failing economy. However, his reforms destabilized the country and emboldened independence movements. By 1991, hardliners launched a coup against Gorbachev but failed, leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Surrounding countries like those in Eastern Europe gained independence but struggled with transitioning to capitalism from communism and faced economic and social difficulties. The fall of the USSR continues to impact geopolitics today.
Collapse of the USSR
An History 12 lesson discussing the collapse of the communist regimes in USSR, DDR, Poland and Czechoslovakia
20th Century History : Core content : How secure was the USSR’s control over ...
The document discusses Soviet control over Eastern Europe from 1948 to 1989. It provides background information on how countries like Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia lost democratic rights and freedoms after World War 2 and came under strict Soviet control. It then discusses some key events that challenged this control, like the Hungarian uprising in 1956 and Prague Spring reforms in Czechoslovakia in 1968. The Soviet Union used military force to assert its dominance each time. The rise of the Solidarity trade union movement in Poland in the 1980s further declined Soviet influence in the region.
20th century history core content: How secure was the USSR’s control over Eas...
The document discusses Soviet control over Eastern Europe from 1948 to 1989. It provides background on how countries like Hungary and Czechoslovakia lost democratic rights and freedoms after World War 2 and came under strict Soviet control. It then discusses some key events that showed opposition to Soviet dominance, such as the 1956 Hungarian Uprising and the 1968 Prague Spring, and how the Soviet Union reacted with military force to maintain control each time. The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 was also explained as an attempt to stop the flow of people from East to West Germany. Finally, the rise of the Solidarity trade union movement in communist Poland in the 1980s increased dissent and had significance for the eventual decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
R2 a2b-russian history year 5, class 2, 2012 - 2013 gorbachev
R2 a2b-russian history year 5, class 2, 2012 - 2013 gorbachevJoe Boisvert Adjunct Professor of History, Gulf Coast State College Encore Program, Director of Compassionate Care, Amherst First Baptist Church, NH, Stephen Minister, Instructor Noah's Ark, Panama City, Florida
The document discusses Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union in the 1980s which aimed to reform and open up the communist system. It led to increased transparency and freedom of speech. Gorbachev withdrew Soviet troops from Eastern Europe and weakened the power of the Communist Party, ultimately leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. There was an attempted coup by KGB and military hardliners to remove Gorbachev from power and stop reforms, but it failed within days. Gorbachev transformed the world by ending the Cold War and dismantling the Soviet communist system, though Russia faced economic hardship in the process.The end of the cold war
The Soviet Union's economy was weakening due to the costs of the space race and arms race with the US. Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reforms of perestroika and glasnost to restructure and open up the Soviet economy and society. Meanwhile, Ronald Reagan took a hard line against communism as president of the US. In 1985, Gorbachev and Reagan met and began limiting weapons, with Gorbachev agreeing to democratization. Inspired by reforms in the Soviet Union, resistance grew in Eastern Europe, leading to democratic reforms in countries like Poland and Hungary breaking from Soviet control. As the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, symbolizing the end of Soviet oppression, other Soviet states declared independence,
Due Date June 1Here you will find all the lecture notesPERE
Due Date June 1
Here you will find all the lecture notes:
PERESTROIKA, GLASNOST, AND GORBACHEV
What I want you to know: Mikhail Gorbachev is remembered in Soviet history as the man that nailed the first nail in the coffin of Soviet Socialism. His ideas for reform of the Soviet Union’s economy and society were radical in the mid-’80s. He felt that he could somehow improve the Soviet Union and revive its ailing economy. He had no idea that what he started would end the Soviet Union instead of saving it.
I. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev
Born March 2, 1931, in Privolnye in Southern Russia
Became a Party Boss in the Stavropol krai and by 1985 had become General Secretary of the CPSU
1986, influenced by Yuri Andropov’s attempts at reform, Gorbachev began his period of political openness (Glasnost’) and economic “Perestroika” (restructuring) intended to modernize the USSR and “democratization” the Soviet Government
1990: Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his reform efforts.
1991: Removed from office in the August Coup and replaced by Boris Yeltsin.
Today, Gorbachev gives many speeches worldwide and is very busy with humanitarian groups. He founded the Green Cross an international organization that is concerned about preserving the Earth’s environment. He still lives in Moscow.
II. GLASNOST’
1986 Gorbachev un-cuffed the press and no longer censored & punished journalists for openly criticizing the government, economy, and political officials.
Dissidents were released from prison. Andrei Sakharov, a prominent Physicist who was arrested on the streets of Moscow and deported to Gorky for protesting the Soviet’s involvement in Afghanistan, was released in 1986.
Banned literature, art, and music were legalized again. Solzhenitsen’s “A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, Akhamatova, Pasternak. Now the Soviets could again enjoy the fruits of their famous artists.
Peaceful protests were allowed in the streets. (Tatars in Red Square).
Religion became tolerated again and believers were no longer persecuted.
History, crimes, and mistakes of the Government were revealed. (Stalin, nuclear testing, accidents) So much was being revealed that in 1988, the school history exams were canceled because the Soviet people were only then learning the “real” history.
Chernobyl accident became a watershed. Four days went by before the Soviets admitted to their neighbors that there had been an accident. After that, the Soviets came clean and kept the rest of the world informed about it.
The facts were coming out and the Soviets were demanding more and more. The press began openly printing, with names, negative information re: Govt. etc.
III. PERESTROIKA= “RESTRUCTURING” Gorbachev wanted to revive the sagging Soviet rate of industrial and agricultural output with a two-pronged approach:
1. Psychological: needed to improve worker discipline.
Number one problem: Alcoholism Began a major crackdown on alcohol. The sale o ...
Changing Cold War Relations - reasons the cold war ended
The document discusses the factors that led to the end of the Cold War, focusing on events inside and outside the Soviet Union as well as key people. It suggests that events within the Soviet Union, such as political and economic issues under Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, inspired citizens to seek change and ultimately caused the USSR to collapse under its own weight. External factors like increased US military spending under Ronald Reagan also applied pressure, while the influence of figures like Gorbachev, Reagan and Pope John Paul II had mixed effects on the Soviet bloc and its eventual dissolution.
Section b exam questions end of cold war
The document discusses key events in Eastern Europe during the Cold War period such as the Prague Spring of 1968 in Czechoslovakia and the formation of Solidarity in Poland in the 1980s. It analyzes three reasons for the collapse of Soviet control in Eastern Europe: i) the impact of Solidarity in Poland which grew to over 9 million members, ii) the reforms implemented by Soviet leader Gorbachev including glasnost and perestroika, and iii) the weakness of communist governments in Eastern Europe. The document concludes that all three factors contributed significantly to the fall of communism across Europe.
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- 1. The Cold War 1945-1989 Role of Mikhail Gorbachev Reasons the Cold War ended
- 2. Reasons the Cold War ended In today’s class I am learning to: • Describe the actions of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the USSR • Analyse the impact these actions had on ending the Cold War
- 3. Reasons the Cold War ended There were numerous changes in the USSR’s political leadership in the 1980s. Leonid Brezhnev died in 1982. His replacement, Yuri Andropov died in 1984. And then new leader Konstantin Chernenko died in 1985.
- 4. Reasons the Cold War ended Traditionally, Soviet leaders were very old. Therefore the next choice was different. Mikhail Gorbachev was 54 years old when he became the Soviet leader in 1985. He was the youngest ever Soviet leader.
- 5. Reasons the Cold War ended Gorbachev introduced a series of changes which aimed to transform the Soviet Union. One reform was called Perestroika. This allowed more private ownership of business. This led to changes such as shops and restaurants opening.
- 6. Reasons the Cold War ended The biggest symbol of this economic change in January 1990. The first McDonalds restaurant – a major symbol of American capitalism – opened in Moscow. There were huge queues for people wanting to visit.
- 7. Reasons the Cold War ended Reducing central government control over the economy was a big change, moving away from the usual Communist model. This undermined the very nature of the Cold War, helping end the conflict.
- 8. Reasons the Cold War ended However this did not introduce a full Capitalist system into the USSR. The government still retained control of most of the Soviet economy, meaning that Communism still dominated.
- 9. Reasons the Cold War ended The Soviet Union was a secret state. Information was strictly limited and newspapers – such as Pravda - controlled by the government. As a result, many Soviet people had a limited idea of life in their own country.
- 10. Reasons the Cold War ended The most shocking example of this happened in April 1986. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded. However it took 36 hours before the USSR announced what had happened, or evacuated people from the area.
- 11. Reasons the Cold War ended Gorbachev believed there needed to be fewer secrets in the Soviet Union. In 1986, he introduced a policy called Glasnost. This word literally means ‘openness’ and led to wider availability of information.
- 12. Reasons the Cold War ended Glasnost led to various changes. Books which had been banned were again made available. Newspapers were allowed to be more critical of the government, and the public could have more free speech. More US films were also allowed to be shown.
- 13. Reasons the Cold War ended Another major change which was overseen by Gorbachev was Soviet withdrawal from the Afghan War. USSR troops first went into Afghanistan in 1979. They began to leave in 1988 and were finally all withdrawn by 1989.
- 14. Reasons the Cold War ended The Soviet Union had been characterised by strong government control of both the economy and people. Gorbachev’s reforms hugely changed this, altering the very nature of the USSR and inevitably ending the Cold War.
- 15. Reasons the Cold War ended Gorbachev made these decisions, but they were forced upon him. Growing public complaints, economic problems and Afghan military weakness meant changes would have had to have been introduced by any leader.