The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
Introduction to British Model in International Seminar on Social and Health systems in Europe organized by SITRA. Helsinki 7 - 8 September 2010.
Presentation by Andrew Hine, partner, KPMG LLP (UK)
Stephen Lillie took up his appointment as Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines in August 2008. Born in 1966, Stephen joined the Diplomatic Service after graduating in Modern Languages from Oxford University in 1988. His diplomatic career has been largely Asia-focused, with postings in Hong Kong (for Chinese language training), Beijing, New Delhi and Guangzhou, China where he served as Her Majesty's Consul-General. Immediately prior to Manila he was Head of Far Eastern Group in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in London for three years, overseeing UK relations with North-East Asia.
Fenin en colaboración con el departamento comercial UK Trade and Investment, de la Embajada británica en Madrid, han organizado un foro empresarial dirigido al sector de tecnología sanitaria, con el objetivo de evaluar los sistemas de compras de los sistemas sanitarios de España y Reino Unido (NHS), y conocer las oportunidades de negocio que el NHS representa para empresas españolas de tecnología sanitaria.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docxdeanmtaylor1545
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
Introduction to British Model in International Seminar on Social and Health systems in Europe organized by SITRA. Helsinki 7 - 8 September 2010.
Presentation by Andrew Hine, partner, KPMG LLP (UK)
Stephen Lillie took up his appointment as Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines in August 2008. Born in 1966, Stephen joined the Diplomatic Service after graduating in Modern Languages from Oxford University in 1988. His diplomatic career has been largely Asia-focused, with postings in Hong Kong (for Chinese language training), Beijing, New Delhi and Guangzhou, China where he served as Her Majesty's Consul-General. Immediately prior to Manila he was Head of Far Eastern Group in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in London for three years, overseeing UK relations with North-East Asia.
Fenin en colaboración con el departamento comercial UK Trade and Investment, de la Embajada británica en Madrid, han organizado un foro empresarial dirigido al sector de tecnología sanitaria, con el objetivo de evaluar los sistemas de compras de los sistemas sanitarios de España y Reino Unido (NHS), y conocer las oportunidades de negocio que el NHS representa para empresas españolas de tecnología sanitaria.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docxdeanmtaylor1545
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docxperryk1
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018James Carter
A set of slides produced by Thames Valley Strategic Clinical Network to support the familiarisation event on Population Health held in Maidenhead on Wednesday 28th February 2018.
With thanks to all colleagues, attendees, chairs and speakers for their involvement on the day.
James Carter - Senior Network Manager TVSCN
james.carter1@nhs.net
What can England teach us about changing healthcare? Final version of the pre...Helen Bevan
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement 25th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement, 10th December 2013
What can England teach us about changing healthcare?Helen Bevan
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement National Forum on Quality in Healthcare 2013
Since the 1940s, the NHS has employed innovation and the most recent created technology to help combat hearing loss | UK Hearing Care News
http://www.ageukhearingaids.co.uk/hearing-aid-news/nhs-helping-people-hear-1948
The NHS is facing great pressure due to increasing demands, limited resources and an ageing population. This has led to long waiting times, overcrowding in hospitals and a lack of staff. As a result, the NHS is struggling to provide the best care for its patients. This article will explore the pressures that the NHS is facing and how it can be addressed. It will look at the impact on patient care, financial pressures and staffing levels to understand how these issues can be addressed to improve patient care.
This 10-page document is a revised and expanded version of written evidence submitted by Dr Albert Persaud to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Primary Care & Public Health – of the United Kingdom Parliament – in 2013 for its inquiry into ‘The sustainability of the National Health Service (NHS): Is Bevan’s NHS under threat?’
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■.docxperryk1
TABLE 1-1 Milestones of Medicine and Medical Education 1700–2015 ■ 1700s: Training and apprenticeship under one physician was common until hospitals were founded in the mid-1700s. In 1765, the first medical school was established at the University of Pennsylvania. ■ 1800s: Medical training was provided through internships with existing physicians who often were poorly trained themselves. In the United States, there were only four medical schools, which graduated only a handful of students. There was no formal tuition with no mandatory testing. ■ 1847: The AMA was established as a membership organization for physicians to protect the interests of its members. It did not become powerful until the 1900s when it organized its physician members by county and state medical societies. The AMA wanted to ensure these local societies were protecting physicians’ financial well-being. It also began to focus on standardizing medical education. ■ 1900s–1930s: The medical profession was represented by general or family practitioners who operated in solo practices. A small percentage of physicians were women. Total expenditures for medical care were less than 4% of the gross domestic product. ■ 1904: The AMA created the Council on Medical Education to establish standards for medical education. ■ 1910: Formal medical education was attributed to Abraham Flexner, who wrote an evaluation of medical schools in the United States and Canada indicating many schools were substandard. The Flexner Report led to standardized admissions testing for students called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is still used as part of the admissions process today. ■ 1930s: The healthcare industry was dominated by male physicians and hospitals. Relationships between patients and physicians were sacred. Payments for physician care were personal. ■ 1940s–1960s: When group health insurance was offered, the relationship between patient and physician changed because of third-party payers (insurance). In the 1950s, federal grants supported medical school operations and teaching hospitals. In the 1960s, the Regional Medical Programs provided research grants and emphasized service innovation and provider networking. As a result of the Medicare and Medicaid enactment in 1965, the responsibilities of teaching faculty also included clinical responsibilities. ■ 1970s–1990s: Patient care dollars surpassed research dollars as the largest source of medical school funding. During the 1980s, third-party payers reimbursed academic medical centers with no restrictions. In the 1990s with the advent of managed care, reimbursement was restricted. ■ 2014: According to the 2014 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMAC) annual survey, over 70% of medical schools have or will be implementing policies and programs to encourage primary care specialties for medical school students. TABLE 1-2 Milestones of the Hospital and Healthcare Systems 1820–2015 ■ 1820s: Almshouses or poorhouses, the pr.
Getting to grips with Population Health - 28th Feb 2018James Carter
A set of slides produced by Thames Valley Strategic Clinical Network to support the familiarisation event on Population Health held in Maidenhead on Wednesday 28th February 2018.
With thanks to all colleagues, attendees, chairs and speakers for their involvement on the day.
James Carter - Senior Network Manager TVSCN
james.carter1@nhs.net
What can England teach us about changing healthcare? Final version of the pre...Helen Bevan
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement 25th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement, 10th December 2013
What can England teach us about changing healthcare?Helen Bevan
This is the presentation that Steve Fairman and Helen Bevan made at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement National Forum on Quality in Healthcare 2013
Since the 1940s, the NHS has employed innovation and the most recent created technology to help combat hearing loss | UK Hearing Care News
http://www.ageukhearingaids.co.uk/hearing-aid-news/nhs-helping-people-hear-1948
The NHS is facing great pressure due to increasing demands, limited resources and an ageing population. This has led to long waiting times, overcrowding in hospitals and a lack of staff. As a result, the NHS is struggling to provide the best care for its patients. This article will explore the pressures that the NHS is facing and how it can be addressed. It will look at the impact on patient care, financial pressures and staffing levels to understand how these issues can be addressed to improve patient care.
This 10-page document is a revised and expanded version of written evidence submitted by Dr Albert Persaud to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Primary Care & Public Health – of the United Kingdom Parliament – in 2013 for its inquiry into ‘The sustainability of the National Health Service (NHS): Is Bevan’s NHS under threat?’
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. The NHS
The 1945-51 governments
are remembered for many
things but the most famous is
setting up the NHS in 1948.
The National Health Service
aimed to eradicate the Giant
of disease by offering
healthcare to all.
3. The NHS
The NHS had three aims:
• Universal access
• Treat all medical problems
• Free at the point of use
Medical care was to be based
on need, not a person’s
money or background.
4. The NHS
Under the NHS, patients
could access a range of
treatments that previously
they might have been
denied, including:
• Spectacles
• False teeth
• Maternity services
5. The NHS
Introducing the NHS
meant that everyone in
Britain could now get
healthcare.
Before this ,more than
half of the British
population had no
medical cover, meaning
they often went without
treatment.
6. The NHS
One problem with the
NHS was that many
hospitals were out-of-
date and in a poor
condition.
This limited the
effectiveness of the
treatment that patients
received from the NHS.
7. NHS costs
The NHS was very
popular – and so it also
proved to be very
expensive.
In the first year, it cost
£240 million to run. This
was £140 million more
than had been expected.
8. Prescriptions
The introduction of the
NHS hugely increased
the numbers of people
accessing prescriptions.
This increased from 7
million prescriptions per
month before the NHS to
13.5 million per month by
September 1948.
9. Prescriptions
The costs of running the
NHS were very high. In
1951 Labour voted to
introduce prescription
charges, which then
happened in 1952.
•9
This undermined the
goals of a ‘free’ health
service.
10. Prescriptions
Although NHS costs were
high, this proved that
many people were getting
treatment, unlike before
the service was
introduced.
In addition, poor people
did not have to pay for
prescription charges.
11. NHS staffing
When the NHS was
introduced, this meant
that there now 480,000
hospital beds available
in England and Wales.
There were also 125,000
nurses and 5000
consultant doctors.
12. NHS staffing
By 1948, it was estimated
that there was a shortage
of another 48,000
nurses.
In addition, many doctors
and dentists had
opposed the NHS and
some refused to work in
the service.
13. NHS staffing
A shortage of staff meant
that fewer people could
get the medical treatment
that they needed.
This undermined the
NHS’s aims to ensure that
all people were given
medical help.
14. NHS staffing
In 1949, a major staff
recruitment campaign
began.
By 1952, there were now
245,000 nurses
employed in the NHS,
ensuring more people
were able to get
treatment.
15. * LINKS *
New welfare benefits
ensured more people had
better diets, improving
their general health.
New housing also tackled
health problems such as
caused by living in poor
quality accommodation.