This document outlines the stages of reading: pre-reading, on-while reading, and post-reading. In the pre-reading stage, teachers prepare learners for reading through activities like making predictions, scanning, and building background knowledge. During reading, learners read silently or aloud while doing activities like completing diagrams, taking notes, or answering questions. In the post-reading stage, learners practice language skills through activities like chain games to recall information, using pictures to associate with the text, and writing summaries. The document provides examples of activities for each reading stage.

1. Teaching Reading
Stages of Reading

2. 1. PRE-READING
IN THIS STAGE;
*Learners are prepared for reading.
*Teachers can use visuals or prediction activities to make
them familiar to the text.
* Teachers preview some vocabulary or provide
background knowledge about the author, the text itself or
text type.

3. Pre-Reading Activities
Prediction activities:
Students can make predictions about the title. (What could be the title of the text?)
The teacher shows the visuals and elicits some answers about the content of the text
Knowledge of the author can be given as a background knowledge
A skim of the first parahraph can be done
A set of keywords from the text can be given
Reading the end, predicting the beginning...
Reading the middle, predicting the beginning and end...

4. Pre-Reading Activities
Scanning activities
Wh- questions
Looking for certain names in the text
Looking for dates and/or places in the text

5. (On)While-Reading stage
In this stage, learners deal with the actual reading
text. They read the text loudly or silently.

6. (On)-While Reading Activities
Completing diagrams or maps related with text
Making lists while reading
Letting students take notes while reading

7. (On) While Reading Activities
Teacher can ask himself/herself the following questions in order to design while
reading activities:
What is the function of the text?
How is the text organised or developed?
What content or information is to be extracted from the text?
What may be the reader infer or deduce from the text?
What language may be learned from the text?
What reading styles can be practiced?

8. Post-Reading Stage
In this stage, further practice of the language, vocabulary,
or discourse features could be done. All the other skills
could be integrated according to the objective of the
reading lesson.

9. Post-Reading Activities
• “Chain game: After the students have finished reading, tell them to go
through the reading and try to remember some of the key points and details.
If you are teaching a large class, split the students up into small groups of
about five or six students. Ask the students to sit in a circle. Student 1 has to
recall some information about the text. Student 2 then repeats that
information and adds something new. Then student three repeats both pieces
of information and adds their own. This process continues until the group
runs out of ideas.”

10. Post-Reading Activities
• “Using pictures: Select seven or eight pictures. Some of these should relate
to the topic of the text the students have read. Ask the students to make
small groups and give each group a copy of the pictures. The learners should
work together to decide which pictures best associate with the reading.
Encourage them to provide reasons for a picture being associated or not.
After they have finished doing this, each group can take it in turns presenting
their ideas.”

11. Post-Reading Activities
• “Summary writing: Ask the students to work together with a partner. First,
ask them to work together to identify the main points of the reading. Once
they have successfully done this, the students can work individually to put
these into sentences. Depending on the level of the class, you might need to
teach them how to paraphrase or how to write in their own words. ”

12. Post-Reading Activities
For more activities, please visit:
http://www.eflmagazine.com/10-fun-post-reading-activities/

13. REFERENCES
• Making reading communicative (n.d). Retrieved on January 10, 2018 from
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/making-reading-communicative
• ÖABT İngilizce öğretmenliği konu anlatımlı (2015). Ankara: Pegem
Yayıncılık
• Yazar, U. (2013). Teaching reading to EFL students to make them better
readers. Journal of Studies in Education, 3(3), 35-48.